Erforschung der psychosozialen Aspekte der HNO-Tumorchirurgie (exklusiv Laryngektomie): 4teilige Analyse der Literatur Teil 3: Forschungsergebnisse

Zusammenfassung In einer vierteiligen Literaturstudie wird die Fachliteratur zu den psychosozialen Aspekten der HNO-Tumorchirurgie – exklusiv Laryngektomie – zwischen 1950 und 1995 analysiert. Im ersten Teil (HNO 45: 360–366) wurde die Geschichte der Erforschung der psychosozialen Aspekte der HNO-Tumorchirurgie dargestellt. Der zweite Teil (HNO 45: 433–441) diente der Analyse der empirischen Arbeiten. Im vorliegenden 3. Teil werden die Ergebnisse der bisherigen Forschung unter 4 synchronen Aspekten dargestellt: 1. Durch Krankheit und Behandlung verursachte Einschr?nkungen (Dysfunktionen, Mutilationen, emotionale und soziale Reaktionen); 2. Bew?ltigungsverhalten (Coping); 3. Verlauf von Krankheit und Behandlung (Behandlungsverz?gerung, pr?operative Phase, Hospitalisation, frühe und sp?tere Rehabilitation, Rezidive, terminale Phase); 4. Beziehung zwischen Patient und beruflichen Helfern (Arzt-Patient-Beziehung, Gegenübertragung). Eingegangen am 12. September 1996 Angenommen am 18. Dezember 1996     

缺血性脑卒中病人院前发病过程应对轨迹的质性研究

目的 明确缺血性脑卒中病人和家属院前发病的应对过程,解明其应对规律和影响因素,为构建全面的脑卒中院前干预方案提供科学依据.方法 通过半结构式访谈收集10例个案资料,运用扎根理论研究方法进行资料分析.结果 缺血性脑卒中病人和家属院前发病过程经历了四个阶段,即识别阶段、反应阶段、警觉阶段和行动阶段.结论 健康教育人员应当结合缺血性脑卒中病人和家属院前应对的整个过程,构建全面的、综合性的干预措施.     

唐宋词体式组合规律探赜

唐宋词体式组合规律主要表现在：它是以意群为单位。意群间以收句奇偶的不同呈现三种形式：一为纯奇纯偶收结;一为奇偶交错收结;一为独立意群示拗收结。纯奇纯偶收结。意群间应照应,但可过渡可不过渡,均谐;奇偶交错收结,意群间必须过渡,否则不谐;独立意群示拗收结,意群间不必过渡,仍谐。由纯奇纯偶收结体到奇偶交错收结体再到拗体,反映了词体组合不断复杂优化的创造性发展过程,是唐宋词创调大家名家高度智慧的表现。文中还揭示了照应与多种过渡的方法,及拗体的多种表现形式;并阐明了词体组合规律在节律学与音韵学上的原理。     

艾滋病医护人员工作倦怠与应对方式的相关研究

[目的]探讨工作倦怠与应对方式的关系,为预防和减轻艾滋病医护人员工作倦怠提供帮助。[方法]采用中式工作倦怠问卷(CMBI)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对342名河南省艾滋病医护人员进行测查,用频数统计、相关和分层回归进行分析。[结果]艾滋病医护人员工作倦怠总体检出率达到75.5%,其中,轻度倦怠为35.4%,中度倦怠为32.2%,高度倦怠为7.9%。艾滋病医护人员消极应对方式得分显著低于全国常模(t=3.651,P﹤0.001)。其消极应对与耗竭和人格解体呈显著正相关(r=0.242,P﹤0.01;r=0.144,P﹤0.01);积极应对与成就感降低呈显著负相关(r=-0.340,P﹤0.01)。积极应对对其成就感降低有显著负向预测作用(t=-6.380,P﹤0.01);消极应对对其耗竭和人格解体有显著正向预测作用(t=4.338,P﹤0.01;t=2.215,P﹤0.05)。[结论]应对艾滋病医护人员的工作倦怠问题给予更多关注,并考虑应对方式对其工作倦怠的影响。     

The effect of an application-based educational intervention with a social cognitive theory model on pregnant women in Denpasar,Bali, Indonesia: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of application-based antenatal education based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) scores, compliance with iron tablet consumption, and readiness for childbirth and complications among pregnant women in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Methods This randomized controlled trial included 71 pregnant women in the treatment group and 74 pregnant women in the control group. The treatment group application-based antenatal education based on SCT, while the control group attended a conventional pregnancy class. Iron tablet consumption was verified by counting the remaining iron tablets. Information on participants’ lifestyles was collected using the HPLP II questionnaire with the help of an assistant. The collected data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 24.0.Results The antenatal education intervention effectively increased the HPLP II score by 0.32 points (2.62±0.331 before the intervention and 2.94±0.273 after). Meanwhile, the control group had a 0.13-point increase (p=0.001), from 2.67±0.336 to 2.80±0.275. There was no significant difference in iron tablet consumption (p=0.333) or readiness for delivery and complications (p=0.557) between the treatment and control groups.Conclusion Application-based antenatal education with SCT effectively increased the HPLP II scores of pregnant women in Denpasar, Bali. Although there was no significant difference in iron tablet consumption or readiness for delivery and complications, the values increased to a greater extent in the treatment group than in the control group. This education model is more suited to urban pregnant women who employed and have good internet access.     

Non-traumatic lower limb older amputees: a database survey from a geriatric centre

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to examine the characteristic of a geriatric population admitted for amputation of a lower limb and to explore some of the factors that may affect the course of their hospital stay. Method: The study took place in the geriatric division of a tertiary general hospital and included a close geriatric-orthopaedic liaison. Two-hundred and forty-one patients were included in the final analysis. Results: Many above knee amputations were performed, which correlated with advanced age. Rates of in hospital mortality and systemic complications were 16% and 19%, respectively. Thirty-three percent of the patients were discharged back home, and only 6% were supplied with an artificial limb. The general condition of most patients remained poor. Conclusion: We conclude that despite a team approach to the care of the geriatric amputee a poor functional result was obtained. By encouraging earlier referrals from the community it is postulated that a reduction in the costly provision of antibiotics would be beneficial and that perhaps lower levels of amputation could be performed thereby enhancing the possibilities for ambulation.     

腹膜透析患者应对压力的方式与焦虑抑郁情绪的关系

目的：探讨应对压力的方式与腹膜透析患者的焦虑抑郁情绪的关系。方法：采用自填式结构问卷，对81例腹膜透析患者进行调查，了解患者的一般情况和患者应对措施，同时用综合性医院焦虑和抑郁情绪量表测量他们的焦虑与抑郁情绪。结果：控制年龄等因素后的等级回归分析表明：使用“面对”和“自我缓解”应对方式显著降低患者的焦虑情绪，采用“屈从”应对方式增加焦虑的发生；文化程度高的患者采用逃避应对方式则大大增加焦虑情绪的程度，女性和经济收入高者采用面对应对方式可以大大降低焦虑情绪的发生；“自我缓解”应对方式显著降低患者抑郁情绪发生的可能性。结论：不同的应对方式对腹膜透析患者的焦虑抑郁情绪存在差异。     

Exploring the coping strategies of women after self-immolation: A qualitative study

BackgroundWomen confront a slew of issues following self-immolation, and it is crucial to examine how women react after self-immolation and live with their scars. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of exploring the coping strategies of Kurdish women following self-immolation using a qualitative methodology.MethodsThe conventional content analysis approach was used in this qualitative investigation. Semi-structured face-to-face and phone interviews were conducted with 26 Kurdish women who had self-immolated and were chosen using purposeful sampling and snowballing for this study. To reinforce the research, Guba and Lincoln's trustworthiness criteria were fulfilled.ResultsThe data analysis yielded 2 categories, 11 subcategories, and 85 initial codes. Positive coping is one of the categories and subcategories (spirituality, rebuilding their body, psychological rehabilitation, hiding the scars, restoring self-confidence, changing the lifestyle, forming a new life) 2- Negative coping (separation from society, neglecting the body and mind, violence and aggression, staying in the past).ConclusionUsing the capacity of religious organizations to help victims of self-immolation, providing appropriate conditions and facilities to heal the scars caused by self-immolation, and facilitating access to counseling services can provide the conditions for women to better adapt after self-immolation.