Coping With Stress Through Texting: An Experimental Study

PurposeTexting is used by many adolescents and has the potential to improve well-being, as youth can reach out for support immediately after experiencing a stressful situation. Many studies have examined whether texting is associated with well-being, but few have used experimental designs, preventing causal claims.MethodsIn this experimental study, 130 adolescents (M_age = 12.41) participated with a same-gender friend whom they texted regularly. Both adolescents completed a task that elicited stress and then engaged in one of the following randomly assigned activities: texting their friend, watching a video on a cellphone (passive-phone condition), or sitting quietly (no activity condition). Participants reported their mood and stress levels after the stress task and again after the activity. Heart rate variability was measured throughout.ResultsParticipants who texted their friend reported higher moods (b = ?.80, standard error [SE] = .24, p < .001, η_p² = .09) and lower stress at the end of the study than those in the no activity condition (b = .51, SE = .25, p = .046, η_p² = .04) and higher moods than adolescents in the passive-phone condition (b = ?.74, SE = .25, p = .004, η_p² = .08). No differences were noted between the passive-phone and no activity conditions. There were no differences in heart rate variability between the three conditions. The effects of texting on mood, self-reported stress, and heart rate variability did not differ by gender.ConclusionsBoth boys and girls may benefit from texting a friend after experiencing a stressful event.     

解脲支原体的生长条件研究

目的　探讨解脲支原体 (Uu)在液体培养基中的最佳营养条件和在固体培养基上形成菌落的最佳气体条件。方法　采用不同的pH值、不同的酵母及小牛血清含量配制解脲支原体培养基 ,将法国Merieum生产的培养基作对比研究。结果　解脲支原体生长最适pH值为 6.0～ 6.5 ;10 %酵母提取液、10 %小牛血清能加速解脲支原体的生长 ,90 %N2 、5 %～ 10 %CO2 能促进解脲支原体菌落生长。结论　本研究为改进解脲支原体的培养质量、开发高效的支原体培养基及药敏检测板提供实验依据     

Secretions released from mesenchymal stem cells improve spermatogenesis restoration of cytotoxic treatment with busulfan in azoospermia mice

This study aimed at the efficacy of sequential treatment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretion for busulfan-treated azoospermia in mice. The conditioned media (CM) was obtained from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or 293 cells. Chemically induced azoospermia mice received 200 μl MSC-CM or 293-CM twice a week intravenously for three consecutive weeks. The histological assessment of spermatogenic recovery quantifying the expression of meiosis-associated genes, and Sertoli cell barrier functional factors were assessed. The characteristics of TM4 cells (Sertoli cell line) after pre-incubation of MSC-CM in vitro were also obtained. The MSC-CM group had the most spermatogenic colonies among the three groups (p < .05), but no spermatids were seen. Expressions of the meiosis-associated genes Dazl, Vasa, Miwi, Stra8, CyclinA1, Pgk2 and Scp3 in MSC-CM testis were remarkably higher compared with 293-CM and busulfan groups respectively (p < .05). The levels of Sertoli cell barrier functional factors, for example ICAM-1 and N-cadherin, were significantly increased during MSC-CM treatment (p < .05). Moreover, pre-incubation of MSC-CM particularly accelerated the CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD44 expressions of TM4 cells and promoted cell inherent adhesion. MSC-CM treatment can significantly improve the short-term restoration of spermatogonial structures of chemically induced azoospermia related to facilitating Sertoli cell adhesion integrity.     

Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Porous Cavity with Sinusoidal Temperature Distribution Using Cu/Water Nanofluid: Double MRT Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this study, natural convection flow in a porous cavity with sinusoidal temperature distribution has been analyzed by a new double multi relaxation time (MRT) Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). We consider a copper/water nanofluid filling a porous cavity. For simulating the temperature and flow fields, D2Q5 and D2Q9 lattices are utilized respectively, and the effects of different Darcy numbers (Da) (0.001-0.1) and various Rayleigh numbers (Ra) ($10^3$-$10^5$) for porosity ($ε$) between 0.4 and 0.9 have been considered. Phase deviation ($θ$) changed from 0 to $π$ and the volume fraction of nanoparticles (Ø) varied from 0 to 6%. The present results show a good agreement with the previous works, thus confirming the reliability the new numerical method proposed in this paper. It is indicated that the heat transfer rate increases at increasing Darcy number, porosity, Rayleigh number, the volume fraction of nanoparticles and phase deviation. However, the most sensitive parameter is the Rayleigh number. The maximum Nusselt deviation is 10%, 32% and 33% for Ra=$10^3$, $10^4$ and $10^5$, respectively, with $ε = 0.4$ to $ε = 0.9$. It can be concluded that the effect of Darcy number on the heat transfer rate increases at increasing Rayleigh number, yielding a maximum enhancement of the average Nusselt number around 12% and 61% for Ra=$10^3$ and Ra=$10^5$, respectively.     

Understanding the messages and motivation of vaccine hesitant or refusing social media influencers

BackgroundWhile anti-vaccine messages on social media have been studied for content, reach, and effectiveness, less is known about those who create and promote the messages. Online influencers, or ‘everyday people who are influential within their online social networks’, are viewed as trusted voices who are often making similar life decisions as their followers. Therefore, their experiences with and perspectives on health issues can be persuasive.MethodsWe collaborated with a formal network of online influencers to interview, using a semi-structured interview guide, vaccine hesitant influencer mothers about their views on vaccination; their process for developing health-related social media content; their motivation to promote anti-vaccine messages; and their opinions on current vaccination messaging. Prescreening ensured a diverse sample by race/ethnicity, age, education, number of children, and geographic residence. Interviews occurred by telephone, were audio recorded, and transcribed. Themes were generated independently by two coders using a deductive coding approach.ResultsWe interviewed 15 online influencer mothers from across the U.S. (average age 39 years old; all married; 13 Caucasian, 1 African American, 1 Hispanic). In some capacity, 5 of the 15 wrote about vaccination on their blog. Those who chose not to post anti-vaccine content did so for fear of alienating followers or having their platform be the site of combative discourse among readers. When researching their social media posts, the influencers did not trust mainstream sources of health information and relied on alternative sources and search engines.Implications: This exploratory study interviewed influential mothers who have the ability to spread anti-vaccine messages on social media. While most do not contribute to the anti-vaccine sentiment, understanding the motivation and practices of those that do assists the public health community in better understanding the online vaccination communication environment, leading to more effective messages to counterbalance anti-vaccine content on social media.     

#DoctorsSpeakUp: Lessons learned from a pro-vaccine Twitter event

BackgroundIn response to growing anti-vaccine activism on social media, the #DoctorsSpeakUp event was designed to promote pro-vaccine advocacy. This study aimed to analyze Twitter content related to the event to determine (1) characteristics of the Twitter users who authored these tweets, (2) the proportion of tweets expressing pro-vaccine compared to anti-vaccine sentiment, and (3) the content of these tweets.MethodsData were collected using Twitter’s Filtered Streams Interface, and included all publicly available tweets with the “#DoctorsSpeakUp“ hashtag on March 5, 2020, the day of the event. Two independent coders assessed a 5% subsample of original tweets (n = 966) using a thematic content analysis approach. Cohen’s κ ranged 0.71–1.00 for all categories. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine associations between tweet sentiment, type of account, and tweet content (personal narrative and/or statement about research or science). Accounts were analyzed for likelihood of being a bot (i.e. automated account) using Botometer.ResultsOf 847 (87.7%) relevant tweets, 244 (28.8%) were authored by a Twitter user that identified as a parent and 68 (8.0%) by a user that identified as a health professional. With regard to sentiment, 167 (19.7%) were coded as pro-vaccine and 668 (78.9%) were coded as anti-vaccine. Tweet sentiment was significantly associated with type of account (p < 0.001) and tweet content (p = 0.001). Of the 575 unique users in our dataset, 31 (5.4%) were classified as bots using Botometer.ConclusionsOur results suggest a highly coordinated response of devoted anti-vaccine antagonists in response to the #DoctorsSpeakUp event. These findings can be used to help vaccine advocates leverage social media more effectively to promote vaccines. Specifically, it would be valuable to ensure that pro-vaccine messages consider hashtag use and pre-develop messages that can be launched and promoted by pro-vaccine advocates.