Changes in the angle-force curve of human elbow flexors following eccentric and isometric exercise

The aim of this study was to explore and compare the magnitude and time-course of the shift in the angle-force curves obtained from maximal voluntary contractions of the elbow flexors, both before and 4 consecutive days after eccentric and isometric exercise. The maximal isometric force of the elbow flexors of fourteen young male volunteers was measured at five different elbow angles between 50° and 160°. Subjects were then divided into two groups: the eccentric group (ECC, n=7) and the isometric group (ISO, n=7). Subjects in the ECC group performed 50 maximal voluntary eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors on an isokinetic dynamometer (30°^.s^–1), while subjects in the ISO group performed 50 maximal voluntary isometric muscle contractions with the elbow flexors at a lengthened position. Following the ECC and ISO exercise protocols, maximal isometric force at the five angles, muscle soreness, and the relaxed (RANG) and flexed (FANG) elbow angles were measured at 24 h intervals for 4 days. All results were presented as the mean and standard error, and a quadratic curve was used to model the maximal isometric force data obtained at the five elbow angles. This approach not only allowed us to mathematically describe the angle-force curves and estimate the peak force and optimum angle for peak force generation, but also enabled us to statistically compare the shift of the angle-force curves between and within groups. A large and persistent shift of the angle-force curve towards longer muscle lengths was observed 1 day after eccentric exercise (P<0.01). This resulted in a ~16° shift of the optimum angle for force generation, which remained unchanged for the whole observation period. A smaller but also persistent shift of the angle-force curve was seen after isometric exercise at long muscle length (P<0.05; shift in optimum angle ~5°). ECC exercise caused more muscle damage than ISO exercise, as indicated by the greater changes in RANG and ratings of muscle soreness (P<0.05). It was suggested that the shift in the angle-force curve was proportional to the degree of muscle damage and may be explained by the presence of overstretched sarcomeres that increased in series compliance of the muscle.     

SysmexXS-800i血液分析仪性能评估

目的评估SysmexXS-800i血液分析仪的空白值、精密度、携带污染率、线性、准确度,核实仪器性能是否符合要求。方法以SysmexXS-800i血液分析仪为实验仪器,执行空白检测;使用EDTA—K2抗凝新鲜全血进行批内精密度测试;使用两个水平的血液学质控物进行日间精密度测试;测试仪器检测结果的携带污染率,评价仪器的自清洗效率;选取一份接近预期上限的高值全血样本,按比例进行梯度稀释并测定,进行线性验证;全血细胞计数（CBC）结果通过定期与规范操作检测系统进行比对来评估其测量准确度;采用五分类分析仪白细胞分类准确性试验评估白细胞分类准确度,其白细胞分类参考方法检测结果的可信区间采用精确概率法进行计算。结果各参数空白值、批内精密度、日间精密度、携带污染率均满足仪器要求。线性验证WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT均满足a值在1±0．05范围内,相关系数（r）≥O．975的要求。准确度：WBC6．63％,RBC2．97％,HGB3．39％,HCT2．78％,MCV3．37％,MCH3．33％,McHC2．80％,PLT10．24％;中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞分类计数合格率100％,满足白细胞分类计数准确度的要求。结论SysmexXS-800i血液分析仪的使用性能经评估符合要求。     

新鲜抗凝全血对Sysmex不同型号血细胞分析仪比对评价

目的：用新鲜抗凝全血在不同型号的血细胞分析仪上测定,各项参数与参考仪器比较,校对检测仪器使得同一份样本在不同型号仪器上测定结果的一致性。方法用参加室间质评结果满意的 Sysmex XE-2100作为参考比对仪器,各仪器性能评价合格后,用不同浓度的抗凝全血在Sysmex XS-800i,Sysmex XT-4000i和Sysmex XT-1800i上进行测定,最后用Sysmex XE-2100测定结果作为靶值,分别与其它仪器的测定结果进行比对。结果 XS-800i与比对仪器 Sysmex-2100的偏倚：WBC 2.85％,RBC 1.44％,HGB 0.75％,HCT 2.11％和PLT 5.53％;XT4000i与比对仪器 Sysmex-2100的偏倚：WBC 1.26％,RBC 0.95％,HGB 0.68％,HCT 1.35％和 PLT 2.68％;XT-1800i与比对仪器 Sysmex-2100的偏倚：WBC 5.21％,RBC 1.96％,HGB 1.60％,HCT 1.96％和 PLT 4.95％,XT4000i,四台血细胞分析仪 WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT, MCV和PLT各项参数的偏倚都在允许范围。结论当实验室有多台血细胞分析仪时,应定期对血细胞分析仪保养维护并定期做好各仪器间比对,及时发现问题校准仪器,确保各仪器间测定结果的一致性,提高检测结果的准确性。     

Use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for moderate–severe Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare, autosomal recessive coagulopathy characterized by either qualitative or quantitative abnormalities of the membrane glycoprotein αIIbβ3 complex leading to bleeding tendencies, ranging from purpura to life-threatening hemorrhage. Although patients can be managed with supportive measures including platelet transfusions, complications such as alloimmunization are possible. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can be indicated in severe cases of GT. We report the case of an eight-month-old girl diagnosed with moderate–severe GT, who was successfully treated with a reduced-intensity, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical ASCT.     

某血细胞分析仪尿红细胞MCV及RD W检出限探讨

目的：探讨Sysmex XS-800i血细胞分析仪可检出尿红细胞 MCV及RDW的最低尿红细胞计数值。方法经人工镜检确认之血尿样本30例,所有样本不加稀释液直接在Sysmex XS-800i血细胞分析仪上以末梢血模式进行检测,取得尿红细胞参数红细胞计数（RBC）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）初始结果。根据尿红细胞计数初始结果,对血尿样本分别进行梯度稀释或梯度离心浓缩后再经Sysmex XS-800i血细胞分析仪以末梢血模式检测尿红细胞计数、MCV、RDW,测得每个样本各参数按红细胞计数由低到高排列的系列结果,以获得该仪器对各样本可检出尿红细胞MCV及RDW的最低尿红细胞计数值。结果 Sysmex XS-800i血细胞分析仪对本研究中30例血尿样本尿红细胞计数的最低检出值为0．01×10^12/L,符合厂家提供的该仪器对血红细胞计数最低检出限;Sysmex XS-800i 血细胞分析仪对尿红细胞 MCV、RDW的“检出限”以该仪器可检出尿红细胞 MCV、RDW时最低尿红细胞计数检测值表示,本研究中不同尿液样本其值存在差异,其中可检出尿红细胞 MCV 最低尿红细胞计数值为0．02×10^12/L～0．10×10^12/L,可检出尿红细胞RDW最低尿红细胞计数值为0．04×10^12/L～0．19×10^12/L。结论明确血细胞分析仪对尿红细胞参数的实际“检出限”是保证尿红细胞 MCV及RDW结果准确的前提条件。     

XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数稳定性研究

目的　对XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数进行稳定性观察和评估。方法　所有EDTA- K2 抗凝标本的进样均采用开放模式,分别进行短时间(1h内)稳定性和长时间(72h)不同时段不同放置温度的稳定性考查。结果　所有参数,包括自动化白细胞(WBC)五分类,均在60min内保持稳定并未出现显著的变化;长时间稳定性的研究显示无论在冷藏条件还是在室温条件下,WBC、血小板(PLT)、血红蛋白(HGB)和红细胞(RBC)及分类参数在72h内未发生显著变化;WBC分类结果的稳定性优于RBC体积参数的稳定性。RBC体积参数的稳定性在室温条件下12h开始发生体积增大变化, 24h发生显著变化,而冷藏条件下可保持24h。结论　XE-2100血液分析仪短时间结果稳定。长时间稳定性研究显示在自动分类参数方面3d内具有良好的稳定性。RBC分类的稳定性优于RBC检测的稳定性。     

A strategy to improve treatment‐related mortality and abandonment of therapy for childhood ALL in a developing country reveals the impact of treatment delays

Background

Treatment‐related mortality and abandonment of therapy are major barriers to successful treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the developing world.

Procedure

A collaboration was undertaken between Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia (Bogota, Colombia), which serves a poor patient population in an upper‐middle income country, and Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center (Boston, USA). Several interventions aimed at reducing toxic deaths and abandonment were implemented, including a reduced‐intensity treatment regimen and a psychosocial effort targeting abandonment. We performed a cohort study to assess impact.

Results

The Study Population comprised 99 children with ALL diagnosed between 2007 and 2010, and the Historic Cohort comprised 181 children treated prior to the study interventions (1995–2004). Significant improvements were achieved in the rate of deaths in complete remission (13% to 3%; P = 0.005), abandonment (32% to 9%; P < 0.001), and event‐free survival with abandonment considered an event (47% to 65% at 2 years; P = 0.016). However, relapse rate did not improve. Medically unnecessary treatment delays were common, and landmark analysis revealed that initiating the PIII phase of therapy ≥4 weeks delayed predicted markedly inferior disease‐free survival (P = 0.016). Conversely, patients who received therapy without excessive delays had outcomes approaching those achieved in high‐income countries.

Conclusions

Implementation of a twinning program was followed by reductions in abandonment and toxic deaths, but relapse rate did not improve. Inappropriate treatment delays were common and strongly predicted treatment failure. These findings highlight the importance of adherence to treatment schedule for effective therapy of ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1395–1402. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Impact of mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI) on central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in department of hematology at single university hospital in Japan

Background

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most serious complications especially in blood cancer patients. In January 2013, Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC) introduced a new surveillance definition of mucosal barrier injury-associated laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI). This study was to determine the impact of MBI-LCBI on CLABSIs and compare the clinical characteristics of MBI versus non-MBI-LCBI cases.