利用垃圾生产建筑材料的方法和途径

介绍了垃圾处理的现状，并分析了多种处理方式的发展状况及存在问题，提出用垃圾生产建筑材料的可行性及生产途径。     

Hearing loss among operating engineers in American construction industry

Objective: Occupational noise exposure and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among construction workers has long been recognized as a problem in the United States, yet little is known about the prevalence of NIHL among American construction workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of hearing loss among operating engineers (OEs) who operate heavy construction machinery. Method: As a part of hearing protection intervention, an audiometric test was conducted for both ears at frequencies 0.5 through 8 kHz in the soundproof booth. Prior to the audiometric test, a paper-pencil pre-hearing test questionnaire was administered and an otoscopic examination was completed. Prevalence of hearing loss was determined based on hearing threshold levels (HTLs) in the worst ear with a low fence of 25 dB. Result: A total of 623 workers were included in the analysis and they were predominantly middle-aged Caucasian males (mean age = 43 years, Caucasian = 90%, male = 92%). Over 60% of OEs showed hearing loss in the noise-sensitive higher frequencies of 4 and 6 kHz. The rate of hearing loss was particularly higher among workers who reported longer years of working in the construction industry. Workers showed significantly poorer hearing in the left ear, and a typical characteristic of NIHL, a V-notch at 4 or 6 kHz, was not shown in this population. Thirty-eight percent reported ringing/buzzing in the ear and 62% indicated having problems in understanding what people say in loud noise. Average reported use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) was 48% of the time they were required to be used. Significant inverse relationship was found between higher frequency (4–6 kHz) hearing loss and use of HPDs (r =–0.134, p < 0.001). Workers using HPDs more had significantly better hearing than those who did not. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a significant NIHL problem and low use of HPDs in OEs. An effective hearing conservation program, including a periodic audiometric testing and hearing protection intervention, for this study population should be in place.     

不同构建策略对D-氨基酸氧化酶表达的影响及发酵调节

目的 构建不含编码β-内酰胺酶编码基因的D-氨基酸氧化酶(D-amino acid oxidase,DAAO)工程菌,对不同构建策略构建的重组菌进行发酵调节研究.方法 采用分子生物学手段,利用不同的策略、不同的毕赤酵母宿主菌,构建DAAO工程菌;利用微生物发酵和调节手段,对工程菌的发酵条件进行优化.结果 获得了表型不同的3株重组菌(Muts的PDK13和PDGA10,Mut 的PDG27),它们的最佳生长条件基本相似,诱导表达条件却不相同,在Basal salts培养基内,当生长时间为36 h,诱导培养基起始pH为6.0、甲醇浓度为0.5%时,最有利于DAAO表达.在菌体密度相同的条件下,Mut 表型(PDG27)甲醇代谢快,诱导24 h,DAAO活力达到最高;Muts型(PDK13和PDGA10)甲醇代谢慢,诱导36 h,DAAO活力达最高;通气量一定时,菌体密度增加,DAAO表达量增加,菌体增加到一定程度表达量反而下降,表明通气量应随菌体密度的增大而增加.结论 Muts型重组菌对通气量要求低且更有利于高密度发酵.     

稳定急诊医疗队伍是急诊医学发展的必由之路

综合了大多数综合性医院急诊科缺乏急诊专业固定医师,急诊医疗队伍人心浮动,不安心本职工作的现状并认为这是急诊医学发展的难点和主要矛盾;指出了缺乏急诊专业固定人员,急诊医疗队伍人心不稳的危害性;分析了影响急诊医疗队伍稳定性的原因;阐述了固定医师在急诊科建设中的意义和作用;提出了建设一支稳定的急诊医疗队伍的对策。     

医院图书馆的电子资源建设

在网络环境下,电子资源日益成为图书馆信息资源的重要组成部分。本文结合医院图书馆的特点、电子资源的优势和用户的需求,论述了医院图书馆电子资源建设的重要性,从硬件、资源、馆际协作等方面探讨了电子资源建设的具体策略,并提出了电子资源建设过程中需要注意的问题。     

医患和谐需要"双向道德规范"

医患关系的特殊性,决定了协调医患关系需要双向道德规范。而对这一问题的探讨,不仅引发了人们思考特殊领域里人际伦理关系协调的双向性特点。而且也从一般意义上凸显了当前双向伦理规范研究的必要性和迫切性。     

医学院校必须把医学伦理学列为“两课”教学的重点来建设

总结了广州医学院医学伦理学课程依托研究基地提供智力支持的建设模式.作者提出的医学伦理学课程建设的环境观和发展观,并对医学伦理学在高等医学院校“两课”教学中的重要地位及其建设模式的实践效果和推广价值进行了理性分析,从而多角度地论证了高等医学院校必须把医学伦理学列为“两课”中‘思想品德课程’教学的重点课程来建设这一论题.     

从现代市场的一般规律看医德医风建设

随着改革的深入,现代市场已变成以消费者为中心的买方市场,高尚的医德、良好的医风已成为医疗市场的无形资产,而加强医德建设、千方百计的满足患者的需求,已成为医疗单位提高竞争力的关键,作者从多方面为此作了阐述。     

如何开展医院工程项目管理

医院建筑的特殊性和复杂性,使其对医院基建工程的项目管理提出了更高的要求。文章从制订科学的项目管理目标、熟悉建设程序、紧抓设计和招标两条主线、找准定位等方面出发,详细论述了如何开展医院工程项目管理。     

NLM在卫生信息化建设中的作用

对美国国立医学图书馆(NLM)在卫生信息化建设中所发挥的独特功能进行阐述,包括建立生物医学相关数据库、卫生数据标准制定、医学知识库构建、教育与培训等方面,指出医学图书馆在信息化建设进程中有其自身的优势。