腹腔感染病原菌及其耐药性

目的了解腹腔感染病原菌构成及其耐药性,为临床腹腔感染的治疗提供参考依据。方法对某院2011年1月—2013年12月住院患者送检的腹腔感染标本进行菌种鉴定及药物敏感性检测,并将数据输入WHONET5.6软件进行统计分析。结果 15 946份腹腔感染标本分离非重复病原菌810株,培养阳性率5.08%;革兰阴性杆菌485株(59.88%),革兰阳性菌275株(33.95%),真菌50株(6.17%);居前5位的病原菌分别为大肠埃希菌(24.20%)、屎肠球菌(15.06%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(8.89%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(7.66%)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(6.91%)。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌检出率分别为59.18%和32.79%,各种肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南仍高度敏感,但对碳青霉烯类耐药的菌株占4.08%~6.67%;多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌占52.11%(37/71),耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)占53.57%(15/28),耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)占71.43%(40/56),耐万古霉素屎肠球菌(VRE)占8.26%。结论该院腹腔感染病原菌主要是以大肠埃希菌为代表的革兰阴性菌,屎肠球菌是最常见革兰阳性致病菌,细菌耐药形势严峻。     

基层医院ICU与非ICU主要革兰阴性杆菌分布与耐药性差异

目的了解医院重症监护室(ICU)与非ICU主要革兰阴性(G-)杆菌的分布及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对某院2011—2013年住院患者送检标本中培养分离的G-菌标本来源及耐药性进行统计分析,比较ICU与非ICU的差异。结果 25 153份标本共分离G-菌3 875株,分离率15.41%;其中ICU1 121份标本中分离G-菌527株,分离率47.01%,非ICU24 032份标本分离G-菌3 348株,分离率13.93%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=899.32,P0.001)。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株检出率:ICU分别为56.00%(28/50)、70.65%(65/92),非ICU分别为52.81%(517/979)和40.37%(241/597)。ICU中铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为36.59%、88.54%、10.00%、10.87%,均高于非ICU同类菌的耐药率,分别为20.21%、61.15%、1.74%、2.85%。结论 ICU主要G-杆菌的耐药率高于非ICU,且以多重耐药的非发酵菌为主。临床治疗应区别对待,以减少耐药菌的产生。     

The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine but not trichloroacetate inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extraplacental membranes in vitro

Extraplacental membranes define the gestational compartment and provide a barrier to infectious microorganisms ascending the gravid female reproductive tract. We tested the hypothesis that bioactive metabolites of trichloroethylene (TCE) decrease pathogen-stimulated innate immune response of extraplacental membranes. Extraplacental membranes were cultured for 4, 8, and 24 h with the TCE metabolites trichloroacetate (TCA) or S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (DCVC) in the absence or presence of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate infection. In addition, membranes were cocultured with DCVC and Group B Streptococcus (GBS). DCVC (5–50 μM) significantly inhibited LTA-, LPS-, and GBS-stimulated cytokine release from tissue cultures as early as 4 h (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TCA (up to 500 μM) did not inhibit LTA-stimulated cytokine release from tissue punches. Because cytokines are important mediators for host response to infectious microorganisms these findings suggest that TCE exposure could potentially modify susceptibility to infection during pregnancy.     

Hepatitis G virus: a suitable marker of in vivo efficacy for pathogen inactivation

Being an orphan virus despite a large number of investigations, hepatitis G virus is a blood-borne agent for which screening is not required in blood donations. The in vivo efficacy of pathogen inactivation methods could be assessed by the absence of hepatitis G virus markers after transfusion of pathogen-inactivated blood products, in recipients susceptible to infection before the transfusion.     

复方莪术油栓联合克霉唑阴道片治疗老年性阴道炎的临床研究

目的研究复方莪术油栓联合克霉唑阴道片治疗老年性阴道炎的临床疗效。方法选取2018年6月—2019年6月在平顶山市第二人民医院治疗的120例老年性阴道炎患者为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各60例。对照组给予克霉唑阴道片,1片/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予复方莪术油栓,1枚/次,1次/d。两组患者持续治疗10 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较两组临床症状缓解时间、阴道p H值、病原菌检出率、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)量表评分、阴道灌洗液炎性因子水平。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率为95.00%,显著高于对照组的83.33%(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组白带减少时间、外阴瘙痒、外阴阴道疼痛、黏膜充血消失时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者阴道酸碱度(p H)值、病原菌检出率均显著降低,GQOLI-74量表评分显著升高(P0.05);且治疗组指标改善较多(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者阴道灌洗液白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平显著降低(P0.05);并且治疗组阴道灌洗液中细胞因子水平降低较多(P0.05)。结论复方莪术油栓联合克霉唑阴道片治疗老年性阴道炎具有较好的临床疗效,可缓解临床症状,提高患者生活质量,降低患者阴道灌洗液中细胞因子水平。