232例儿童热性惊厥血清钠浓度临床分析

目的：探讨热性惊厥患儿血清钠浓度变化及临床意义。方法：对北京民航总医院2010-2012年急诊治疗的232例热性惊厥患儿血清钠浓度作回顾性分析。结果：热性惊厥儿童血清钠浓度常有不同程度的降低,且惊厥反复发作及惊厥持续状态患儿的血清钠浓度明显低于单纯性热性惊厥患儿。结论：热性惊厥患儿常存在不同程度的低钠血症,在常规治疗小儿热性惊厥时应注意纠正低钠血症,以减少小儿热性惊厥的发作次数及持续时间,减轻脑组织损害。     

Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafoods from Lake Timsah

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrpcarvons (PAHs) in some seafoods caught from Lake Timsah were determined. The tested samples were tilapia fish (Oreochromis aureus), crabs (Portuns pelagicus), bivalves (Venerupis decussata), clams (Strombus tricornis) and gastropods (Munes Sp.). Where these seafoods are locally and favorite consumed foods in the area around the lake (Ismailia governorate). Results showed that crabs contained significantly higher concentrations of both total and carcinogenic PAHs ranging from 1318.6 to 3767.4 and 1230.3 to 3442.2 microg kg(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, clams contained significantly lower levels with mean value of 28.4 microg kg(-1) for total and 24.4 microg kg(-1) for carcinogenic PAHs. The most frequently detected PAHs in the tested samples were indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene followed by benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene which are characterized as carcinogenic compounds.     

Interpreting carbapenem susceptibility testing results for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objectives

Carbapenems are among the most powerful antipseudomonal agents. Limited data is available on drug susceptibility testing by routine methods (disc diffusion and Etest) for meropenem and doripenem. We aimed to compare the in vitro activity of imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

不同浓度过氧化氢对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖活性的影响

目的 建立氧化应激损伤模型,研究过氧化氢（H₂0₂）对内皮细胞增殖活性的影响,为深入探讨氧化应激致血管内皮细胞损伤机制奠定基础。方法 以0、50、100、150、300、400和600μmol/L H₂0₂作用于人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）,在8、12和24h时间段内采用MTT法测定细胞的增殖活性。结果 50μmol/L H₂O₂作用8h对HUVEC活性无影响,与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;其余各浓度各时间段内,H₂O₂均可引起细胞活性降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。各两组比较,8h组与12h组、24h组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;12h组与24h组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。12h的IC₅₀为133.3μmol/L。结论 在一定浓度时间范围内,H₂0₂对HUVEC有增殖抑制作用,150μmol/L H₂O₂处理12h为最佳实验浓度时间。     

差示紫外分光光度法测定血清中苯巴比妥的浓度

目的　改进差示分光光度法测定血清中苯巴比妥 (PB)的浓度。方法　在酸性条件下 ,以三氯甲烷提取2次 ,利用PB在碱性、酸性介质中吸光度差值建立标准曲线 ,按差示分光光度法测定血清中PB的浓度。结果　血清PB浓度线性范围 2～ 80 μg·ml-1,平均回收率为 10 0 .6 6 %± 0 .36 % ,日内RSD =2 .17% ,日间RSD =2 .5 9% ,血清PB在pH 10条件下 ,2 5min内较稳定 ,抗干扰性良好。结论　所用方法简便、快捷、灵敏度高、重复性好 ,所需的设备及试剂经济易得 ,适于中小医院血药浓度检测。     

Prevalence of levamisole and aminorex in patients tested positive for cocaine in a French University Hospital

Abstract

Context. The prevalence of levamisole in urine samples of subjects positive for cocaine in the US was estimated at 78% (95%confidence interval or CI: 73%–83%). However, levamisole was not quantified, and at the time of this report, aminorex was not known to be a possible metabolite of levamisole in human. Moreover no data are available in Europe. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and concentration of levamisole and aminorex in positive cocaine urine toxicology tests, and in serum samples of cocaine-positive subjects driving under the influence of drugs or forensic autopsies. Materials and methods. Consecutive urine toxicology samples tested positive for cocaine by immunoassay (EMIT, Siemens) from April to May 2014 at the toxicology laboratory of a French University Hospital, and blood samples of cocaine-positive subjects driving under the influence of drugs or forensic autopsies from April to December 2014 were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry or LC–MS/MS (3200 QTrap, AB Sciex) to detect and quantify the presence of levamisole and aminorex. Results. Forty-two urine samples tested positive for cocaine in 39 patients (79.5% males) with a median age of 43 [range: 20–51] years. Toxicological analyses were mainly required by addictions care centers (n = 17; 40%) in the context of the routine management of addict patients. Cocaine concentrations were above the limit of quantification for 33 patients, with a median value of 228 [0–645,000] ng/ml. Levamisole was detected in 32 urine samples (76%) (median concentration: 1,430 ng/ml, range: 30–258,000). Aminorex was never detected. During the study period, levamisole was detected in 87.5% of cocaine-positive blood samples of the subjects driving under the influence of drugs or forensic autopsies. Discussion. In this prospective study, the prevalence of levamisole in cocaine-positive samples was 76%. Over this period, although clinical complications related to cocaine use were reported (agitation, road accident, and cardiac arrest), no complication specifically related to levamisole or aminorex was reported. Conclusion. Our results show a high prevalence of levamisole in samples of subjects positive for cocaine, close to the prevalence found in the US. This high prevalence raises issues with respect to well-identified health risks associated with regular consumption of levamisole.     

Gender and Alcohol Dosing: A Procedure for Producing Comparable Breath Alcohol Curves for Men and Women

Gender differences in peak breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs) reached in alcohol administration studies can make the interpretation of study findings difficult. This study evaluated the CBAC computer program as a way of minimizing gender differences in the BrAC curve. After consuming a predrink meal that was adjusted by body mass, 31 female and 27 male subjects consumed an alcoholic beverage targeted for either 0.04% or 0.08%. Mean peak BrACs for women and men were not significantly different. Similarly, the four BrAC readings obtained over the first 2 hr postdrink showed no gender differences. A dose × gender interaction was observed on time to peak BrAC, with women reaching peak BrAC faster than men only in the high dose groups. By decreasing gender differences in BrAC curves, this dosing procedure can aid in reducing the potential confound of dose and gender.