三角褐指藻培养条件的选择

目的：三角褐指藻作为Tox Y-PAM生物检测技术的指示生物，其生长状态和活性程度是影响Tox Y-PAM生物检测技术检测结果的关键。为了确保试验用的三角褐指藻处于最佳活性状态，对三角褐指藻生长的主要影响因子光照、温度和氮、磷浓度进行优化选择实验。方法：采用血球计数板计数法测定生物量，通过比较不同生长条件下藻液的相对生长速率进行优化选择。结果：三角褐指藻的最佳培养条件是：2000Lux光照强度、温度20℃、培养液12mg／L氮和1．3mg／L磷。结论：在上述条件下培养三角褐指藻，藻液生长快、活性强，能够准确的反映水中毒性物质对光合作用的抑制作用．可以作为Tox Y—PAM牛物榆测技术的指示牛物。     

A case of intoxication with a new cathinone derivative α-PiHP – A presentation of concentrations in biological specimens

IntroductionCathinones are currently the second largest and the second most frequently seized group of new psychoactive substances (NPS). One of the most recent synthetic cathinones that has appeared on the ‘legal highs’ market is alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PiHP).Case historyAn 18-year-old man was found dead in an apartment. The autopsy materials were collected for toxicological analyses.MethodsThe quantitative analyses were carried out by LC-MS/MS.Resultsα-PiHP was detected and quantified in all post-mortem materials except the hair. The determined concentrations of the compound in the blood, urine and bile were 69 ng/mL, 2072 ng/mL, and 341 ng/mL respectively. The concentrations of α-PiHP in solid tissues were in the range of 7–478 ng/g. 4-Chloromethcathinone (4-CMC), N-ethylhexedrone, benzoylecgonine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were also detected in some materials.DiscussionNo cases presenting concentrations of α-PiHP in biological materials have been reported so far. Due to the similarity of structures and the reported dosages, an attempt to compare the concentrations of α-PVP and α-PHP has been made. In the described case, functional death through intoxication of α-PiHP was accepted as the final cause of death. The other detected substances did not contribute to death due to their very likely distant administration.Conclusionα-PiHP is another new synthetic cathinone that is a danger to the life of users. The described fatal intoxication case presents the concentrations of α-PiHP in post-mortem materials. This data could be valuable for further interpretation of other results from toxicological analyses in cases where the use of α-PiHP is suspected.     

Effect of a Selenium-Deficient Diet on Blood Values of T3 and T4 in Cows

Pastures in the south of Chile have been shown to be selenium deficient, and as selenium is a component of deiodinase type 1, which is necessary for the synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) at peripheral levels, the effect of selenium deficiency on the blood concentration of theses hormones in cows was studied. Twelve pregnant Friesian cows were randomly allocated into two homogeneous groups of six animals each - selenium supplemented and selenium deficient. The selenium deficient diet consisted of 11.5 kg of hay, 500 g of soya bran, 150 g of mineral mix (without selenium), 500 g of fat for animal feeding, and was given from day 15 of lactation until the end of the study. A commercial concentrate (Cosetan) and urea was also given according to lactation requirements (up to 5 kg and up to 120 g, respectively). The selenium content was 0.05 ppm of dry matter (equivalent to 18% of the daily requirements). The supplemented group was injected subcutaneously with 1 mg Se/kg, using the commercial product Deposel (1 ml/50kg). Blood samples were obtained by coccygeous vein venepuncture before supplementation (prepartum basal values) and thereafter every 15 days. GSH-Px activity in plasma was measured using a HITACHI 4020 spectrophotometer. Serum T3 and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminiscence. ANOVA, Tuckey test and Student’s t-test were used to establish the significance of the intra group differences, with p=<0.05 being considered significant. There were no significant differences in blood values of T4 in either the supplemented or non-supplemented groups during pregnancy and lactation. However the blood values of T4 decreased significantly (p=<0.05) during days 30–60 of lactation to values below the reference range. The T3 serum concentrations in the supplemented group of cows were significantly lower (p=<0.05) at 60, 90 and 150 days of lactation than cows that had been supplemented with selenium.     

Prévalence de Candida parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis et de C. metapsilosis au sein des candidémies au CHU de Nantes et profil de sensibilité aux échinocandines par la méthode E-test : étude rétrospective de cinq ans (2004-2009)

Aim of the study

To determine the prevalence of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis among candidemia at Nantes University Hospital and to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of the isolates against three echinocandin drugs (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin).

Material and methods

Retrospective study (march 2004 to july 2009) of 178 cases of candidemia corresponding to 183 Candida spp. strains identified by means of routine phenotypical methods. Re-identification of C. parapsilosis sensu lato isolates was performed by ITS rDNA sequencing analysis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by E-test^®. All echinocandin non-susceptible isolates (MIC > 2 μg/mL) were analyzed for the presence/absence of FKS1 mutations associated with resistance.

Results

During this period, C. parapsilosis sensu lato was responsible for 27 candidemia, ranging at the second most common Candida species after C. albicans (n = 99, 54.1%). Neither isolates belong to C. orthopsilosis nor C. metapsilosis. According to the literature, all the isolates displayed high MICs against the three echinocandin drugs. All the isolates displayed both susceptibility (MIC ≤ 2 μg/mL) and a good agreement between MICs read at 24 h and 48 h for caspofungin and micafungin (MIC₅₀ = 0.75 μg/mL, MIC₉₀ = 1.5 μg/mL). Surprisingly, whereas most of the strains were susceptible to anidulafungin at 24 h (MIC₅₀ = 1 μg/mL, MIC₉₀ = 1.5 μg/mL), 14 (52 %) displayed non-susceptibility, despite the lack of mutation associated with resistance on FKS1, when reading was performed at 48 h (MIC₅₀ = 3 μg/mL, MIC₉₀ = 12 μg/mL).

Conclusion

Prevalence of C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis in patients with candidemia is low at Nantes University Hospital. The difficulty encountered with MIC reading by E-test^® are discussed.     

热毒宁注射液不同溶液配制浓度治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染的疗效与安全性观察

目的：考察热毒宁注射液不同稀释浓度治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染的疗效与安全性。方法：采用回顾性调查分析的方法,对120例使用热毒宁注射液治疗的急性上呼吸道感染患儿,按热毒宁的不同稀释浓度（药液用量∶溶媒量）分为＞1∶4组（高浓度组）、1∶4～1∶20组（中浓度组）和＜1∶20组（低浓度组）,观察3组患儿的疗效和安全性。结果与结论：高、中浓度两组患儿症状和体征恢复时间相当,但疗程均显著短于低浓度组（P＜0.05）;高、中浓度两组总有效率分别为94.59%和91.80%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但均显著高于低浓度组的63.64%（P＜0.05）;中、低浓度组不良反应发生率分别为4.92%和4.55%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但均显著低于高浓度组的16.22%（P＜0.05）。热毒宁注射液不同稀释浓度对治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染的疗效和安全性均有影响,适当稀释（药液用量∶溶媒量为1∶4~1∶20）不仅具有良好的临床疗效,而且安全性也高。     

Effects and plasma levels of N-desmethyldiazepam after oral administration in normal volunteers

In the course of a previous study on the pharmacokinetics and effects of diazepam in anxiety patients, it was hypothesized that the N-desmethyl derivative is a disturbing agent causing side effects. The present study served to test the validity of this assumption.Diazepam and N-desmethyl-diazepam, the latter as a separate drug, were orally administered to 6 subjects, each drug during 7 days, 15 mg daily in divided doses.Using a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind design, subjective and observer ratings of a wide range of clinical effects were made. Plasma levels of the benzodiazepine compounds were determined by the G.L.C. method. Results showed that steady state plasma levels were reached on the 5th day; that N-desmethyldiazepam, considering its lower clearance rates, is a longer acting drug than diazepam; that both substances induce hypnosedative effects, mood changes, and somatic disturbances and facilitate sexual behaviour in normals; that desmethyldiazepam is a more effective hypnosedative and mood-lowering substance as compared to equal doses of diazepam. Further comparisons in anxiety patients are recommended in order to find out if the specific desmethyldiazepam effects are therapeutically favourable or disturbing.     

The identity of interstitial fluid and hilar lymph in the kidney

Summary Identity of interstitial fluid and hilar lymph in the kidney may be proved by a comparison of the extratubular distribution volumes of different substances in the kidney with the concentration of these substances in renal lymph. To complete known data the following determinations were accomplished.In rabbits the concentrations of inulin or³H-inulin in renal hilar lymph are the same as the concentrations in renal vein plasma, and approximately 80% of the concentrations in the renal artery. The concentrations of methyl-¹⁴C-glucose in renal lymph and peripheral blood are the same.The distribution volumes of polyvinylpyrrolidone of molecular weights 110000; 360000 and 650000 in the rat's kidney are (ml/100 g kidney weight) 21.5±2.3; 20.2±3.9; 19.7±1.6.Comparison of these and other known data indicates an identity of the composition of interstitial fluid of the renal cortex and the renal hilar lymph for substances of molecular weights between 6000 and 600000.Part of this work was presented at the Spring Meeting of the German Physiological Society, Erlangen 1972.     

不同浓度罗哌卡因用于臂丛阻滞的临床研究

目的观察不同低浓度罗哌卡因用于臂丛阻滞下行手、腕部肌腱断裂吻合术时选用多大浓度可达到最佳的感觉与运动阻滞相分离的麻醉效果。方法随机抽取手、腕部肌腱断裂120例,臂丛阻滞成功病例,美国麻醉师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级。随机分成三组,每组40例,分别用0．25％（A组）、0．3％（B组）、0．375％（C组）罗哌卡因麻醉。采用肌间沟臂丛阻滞法。用针刺法测感觉阻滞平面,用现时疼痛强度评分（PPI）评估术中疼痛,用改良Bromage法评估上肢运动神经阻滞程度,比较三组感觉、疼痛、运动阻滞及恢复上的异同。结果三组均能达到感觉阻滞。运动阻滞起效时间、最大运动阻滞时间、运动恢复时间：C组明显优于A组、B组（P〈0．01）。术中PPI评分：A组疼痛不适者多于B、C组（P〈0．01）。Bromage评分：运动神经阻滞C组明显强于A、B组（P〈0．01）。结论0．3％的罗哌卡因可达到手、腕部肌腱吻合手术的麻醉要求。     

阳江天然高本底辐射地区空气中氡浓度的分布特征

目的　观察阳江天然高本底辐射地区空气中氡、的分布特征。方法　采用α径迹蚀刻法 ,用Rn -Tn杯监测器对阳江天然高本底辐射地区 (HBRA)和相邻的正常本底对照地区 (CA)进行了为期一年多的空气中累积氡、浓度的定点测量。结果　HBRA室内空气中氡、浓度明显高于室外 ,CA则无明显差别。调查地区室内外空气中氡、浓度随季节变化不是很明显 ,秋冬季比春夏季稍高。HBRA室内空气中氡、浓度与地表γ外照射辐射水平和建筑材料类型存在着一定关系 ,CA无明显变化规律。HBRA室内空气中氡浓度变化不是很大 ,而室内空气中浓度变化起伏很大 ,在离地面 1 2m高处 ,距墙 5～ 10cm处的平均浓度是距墙 80～ 10 0cm处的 12 9倍 ;在距墙 1 2m ,离地面 5～ 10cm处的平均浓度为距地面 80～ 10 0cm处的 6 2 1倍。结论　HBRA室内空气中氡浓度略高于世界按人口加权平均值 ,是CA的 2 6 3倍 ;但浓度分别是世界均值和CA的 2 9 7和 7 18倍 ,它在室内空气中的浓度变化很大 ,和它的衰变子体是该高本底辐射地区致居民的内照射剂量主要来源之一     

不同浓度罗哌卡因用于超声引导下肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的麻醉效果

目的:对比研究超声引导下肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉过程中选用不同浓度罗哌卡因的临床效果。方法:选择在我院进行手术治疗期间接受超声引导下肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的患者60例,通过随机分组的方式将其分成对照组(30例)和研究组(30例)。对照组采用浓度为0.25%的罗哌卡因进行麻醉,研究组采用浓度为0.375%的罗哌卡因进行麻醉,对比两组麻醉效果。结果:研究组研究对象麻醉起效时间和术后住院治疗时间短于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05);麻醉镇痛持续时间和术后苏醒时间长于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组麻醉药物导致的不良反应有4例,略多于对照组的3例,无统计学意义(P>0.05);麻醉总有效率达到93.3%,高于对照组的76.7%,有统计学意义(P<0.05);麻醉前后认知功能MMSE评分、血压、心率水平的改善幅度小于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05);对麻醉方案的满意度达到96.7%,高于对照组的80.0%,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:超声引导下肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉过程中选用浓度为0.375%的罗哌卡因,不会是不良反应增加,还能够缩短起效时间,延长麻醉效果维持时间,减小对心率、血压、认知功能的影响,使麻醉效果及患者满意度得到同步提升。