聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射隆乳后的并发症及治疗

目的探讨聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶（polyacrylamide hydrogel,PAHG）注射隆乳后的并发症及治疗方法。方法对l74例术前行乳房超声或磁共振成像（MRI）检查以确定PAHG分布范围。采用乳晕切口行组织分离,生理盐水灌洗,清除PAHG,切除异常组织;其中对继发乳房畸形者选择性地以胸大肌后间隙假体置人进行修复87例（50％,48例I期,39例Ⅱ期）。结果术后随访3～6个月,绝大部分症状得到缓解。77例（44．3％）对乳房外形、手感满意;10例（5．7％）对手感不太满意;79例（45．4％）出现乳房下垂或扁平胸;8例（4．6oA）出现较重的乳房畸形。结论PAHG注射隆乳术后出现并发症者,应尽早清除,治疗方法得当可取得较好疗效,但完全满意者较少。穿刺盲视抽吸的方法不可取,以开放式手术为佳,有强烈要求及条件允许者可行乳房假体置人重建术。     

自拟痔舒汤口服在混合痔术后的应用价值

为探讨自拟痔舒汤口服在痔术后的应用价值,将70例行外剥内扎术治疗的混合痔患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各35例,观察组术后予自拟痔舒汤加减口服,对照组术后予革薜渗湿汤加减口服,两组均每日1剂,分2次口服。结果显示,观察组患者在术后肛门疼痛、创缘水肿、排尿障碍、腹胀、肛门坠胀感、排便障碍方面均明显优于对照组,P〈0．05。结果表明,自拟痔舒汤加减口服可减轻痔术后并发症,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Safety and effectiveness of single- versus double-anastomosis duodenal switch at a single institution

Background

Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS) is known to be superior in weight loss to other bariatric procedures, but with the disadvantage of increased complication rates. Single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is reported to have similar weight loss with lower complication rates compared with traditional DS.

Complications after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in pediatric patients: A systematic review

Background/purposeColectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard of care for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The rates of postoperative complications are not well established in children. The objective of this systematic review is to establish benchmark data for morbidity after pediatric IPAA.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies of colectomy with IPAA in patients ≤ 21 years old. UC studies were limited to the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents era (1998–present). All postoperative complications were extracted.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria (763 patients). Compared to patients with FAP, UC patients had a higher prevalence of pouch loss (10.6% vs. 1.5%). Other major complications such as anastomotic leak, abscess, and fistula were uncommon (mean prevalence 4.9%, 4.2%, and 5.0%, respectively, for patients with UC; 8.7%, 4.2%, and 4.3% for FAP). The most frequent complication was pouchitis (36.4% of UC patients).ConclusionsDevastating complications from colectomy and IPAA are rare, but patients with UC have poorer outcomes than those with FAP. Much of the morbidity may therefore stem from patient or disease factors. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to identify modifiable risks in patients with UC undergoing IPAA.Level of evidencePrognostic, level II.     

消化系统疾病并发骨质疏松症与肠道菌群的关系探讨

随着全球人口老龄化,骨质疏松症的发病率逐年增高,在我国,50岁以上人群中骨质疏松症总患病率达15.7%,预计到2020年,我国骨质疏松和低骨量患者将增加至2.8亿,骨质疏松症已经成为影响我国老年人口生活质量的重大公共卫生问题。消化系统疾病并发骨质疏松症,其发生机制较复杂,目前仍未彻底阐明,常常并发骨质疏松症的消化系统疾病有胃切除术后、慢性肝脏疾病、炎症性肠病等。研究发现,消化系统疾病伴随着肠道菌群的失调,而肠道菌群与骨质疏松症从发病、发展及治疗等方面关系密切,越来越多的研究表明肠道菌群失衡与多种代谢性疾病的发生发展紧密相关,因此,骨质疏松症作为一种全身性骨代谢疾病,其与肠道菌群失衡之间的关系近年来逐渐受到关注。从肠道菌群的视角探讨消化系统疾病并发骨质疏松症的机制,对于开拓该类合并症的防治思路具有启示意义。     

腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补（TAPP）与传统无张力腹股沟疝修补术的临床对比研究

目的对比研究腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补(TAPP)与传统无张力疝修补术在腹股沟疝临床治疗中的应用价值。方法将我院2017年3月～2018年3月收治的94例腹股沟疝患者随机分为观察组和对照组(n=47),对照组患者行传统无张力腹股沟疝修补术治疗,观察组患者行TAPP术治疗。观察并统计两组患者的手术治疗指标、术后并发症的发生率、术后复发率和对侧隐匿疝发现率。结果观察组平均术中出血量少于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后疼痛持续时间、下床活动时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率和对照组依次为10.65%、27.66%,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后复发率为2.13%,对照组为6.38%,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组对侧隐匿疝发现率为100%,对照组为0,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在腹股沟疝的临床治疗中相较于传统无张力腹股沟疝修补术,TAPP术在减轻手术创伤、降低术后并发症发生率、降低术后复发率、发现对侧隐匿疝及对无张力修补后的复发疝再次手术均具有良好的优势,值得临床推广应用。     

颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者应用颈动脉内膜剥脱手术治疗的效果及对患者TESS评分的影响

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者应用颈动脉内膜剥脱手术治疗效果及对患者TESS评分影响。方法选取2017年1月～2019年1月我院收治的98例颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者,随机分为两组,各49例。对照组进行颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)治疗,研究组进行颈动脉内膜剥脱手术(CEA)治疗。比较两组患者治疗效果、手术、住院时间、住院费用、围术期及随访不良事件发生率。结果两组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者围术期不良事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组住院费用低于对照组(P0.05),但研究组住院时间和手术时间长于对照组(P0.05);经随访,两组TESS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但研究组术后再狭窄发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论颈动脉支架植入术和颈动脉内膜剥脱术具有相似治疗效果,在安全性方面没有明显差异。但颈动脉内膜剥脱术可减少住院费用,降低术后再狭窄发生率,具有较高的临床价值,应进一步推广应用。     

Increased anaesthesia duration increases venous thromboembolism risk in plastic surgery: A 6-year analysis of over 19,000 cases using the NSQIP dataset

Abstract

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the postoperative setting. Various risk stratification schema exist in the plastic surgery literature, but do not take into account variations in procedure length. The putative risk of VTE conferred by increased length of time under anaesthesia has never been rigorously explored. Aim: The goal of this study is to assess this relationship and to benchmark VTE rates in plastic surgery. Methods: A large, multi-institutional quality-improvement database was queried for plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures performed under general anaesthesia between 2005–2011. In total, 19,276 cases were abstracted from the database. Z-scores were calculated based on procedure-specific mean surgical durations, to assess each case’s length in comparison to the mean for that procedure. A total of 70 patients (0.36%) experienced a post-operative VTE. Patients with and without post-operative VTE were compared with respect to a variety of demographics, comorbidities, and intraoperative characteristics. Potential confounders for VTE were included in a regression model, along with the Z-scores. Results: VTE occurred in both cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. Longer surgery time, relative to procedural means, was associated with increased VTE rates. Further, regression analysis showed increase in Z-score to be an independent risk factor for post-operative VTE (Odds Ratio of 1.772 per unit, p-value < 0.001). Subgroup analyses corroborated these findings. Conclusions: This study validates the long-held view that increased surgical duration confers risk of VTE, as well as benchmarks VTE rates in plastic surgery procedures. While this in itself does not suggest an intervention, surgical time under general anaesthesia would be a useful addition to existing risk models in plastic surgery.     

The differential effect of BMI on prosthetic versus autogenous breast reconstruction: A multivariate analysis of 12,986 patients

BackgroundThe comparative safety of breast reconstruction in obese patients remains to be clearly defined. This study utilized multi-institutional data to characterize the effect of body mass index (BMI) on breast reconstruction outcomes.MethodsUtilizing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, patients undergoing tissue expander, pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and free flap breast reconstruction were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were stratified as obese (BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30). Overall postoperative morbidity, flap complications, non-flap complications, and reoperation rates were compared among the groups.ResultsOf 12,986 patients who underwent breast reconstruction, 3636 (28.0%) were obese. Overall morbidity was significantly elevated in obese patients across all forms of reconstruction (p < 0.05). BMI was correlated with increased surgical complications for tissue expander, pedicled TRAM, and free flap reconstructions (OR = 1.09, OR = 1.05, OR = 1.10, respectively; p < 0.05). Medical complications were higher in obese patients undergoing tissue expander and pedicled TRAM reconstructions (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed in latissimus and free flap reconstruction patients. Compared with obese tissue expander recipients, obese patients reconstructed using autologous tissue had higher rates of reoperations (12.8% versus 9.1%), overall morbidity (18.0% versus 9.5%), surgical (12.7% versus 8.3%), and medical complications (9.0% versus 2.2%).ConclusionsThe NSQIP database allows for evaluation and comparison of reconstructive outcomes in the obese population. Increased BMI was associated with higher morbidity in autologous reconstruction than tissue expander reconstruction. Among autologous procedures, latissimus flaps experienced the lowest captured 30 day morbidity.     

活体供肝肝移植成功的初步经验--附3例报告

目的 报告3例活体供肝肝移植成功的初步经验。方法 回顾性分析1例肝细胞癌伴肝硬化、1例先天性肝内胆汁淤积症及1例药物性肝炎病人活体供肝肝移植经过和供受体恢复情况。结果 供肝均取自病人父亲，1例为右半肝，另2例为扩大左外叶，供肝重量分别为835g、295g及320g。第1例供体术后有一过性黄疸，且有轻度胆漏，另2例供体术后恢复顺利，无手术并发症。3例病人手术均顺利，1例成人一成人活体供肝肝移植胆道重建为胆管端端吻合，术后定期行全身化疗预防肿瘤复发。2例成人-儿童活体供肝肝移植胆道重建为胆管、空肠Roux-en-Y吻合。3例病人均行肝静脉整形以保证静脉回流通畅。随访至今，供受体已分别健康生存16、14、13个月。结论 严格的病例选择，完善的术前准备，精细的手术操作及正确的术后处理是活体供肝肝移植成功的关键。