高血压病患者动态血压与动脉顺应性的相关性研究

目的:探讨高血压病患者动脉顺应性的变化,及其与动态血压监测(ABPM)各指标间的相互关系。方法:对262例高血压病患者和104例正常人进行动态血压监测(ABPM)和脉搏波速度(PWV)测定。结果:高血压组的颈动脉-桡动脉(G-R)PWV、颈动脉-股动脉(C-F)PWV,24 h、白昼及夜间平均血压,平均脉压,心率,血压负荷均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05~<0.01)。C-F PWV及C-R PWV与24 h、白昼及夜间平均血压,心率,血压负荷均呈显著正相关(r=0.108~0.406,P<0.05~<0.001)。C-F PWV比C-R PWV与平均收缩压和收缩压负荷的相关性更强。C-F PWV与动态脉压、年龄显著正相关(r=0.205~0.406,P<0.001)。结论:动脉顺应性减退是高血压的重要改变,大动脉顺应性与动态脉压、收缩压和年龄的关系更为密切。     

遵医行为的社区护理干预对老年高血压病患者血压控制的影响

目的:观察遵医行为的社区护理干预对老年高血压病患者血压控制的影响。方法:将198例符合我国高血压诊断标准的老年高血压病患者随机分为对照组与观察组各99例。两组给予饮食控制、药物疗法、自我监测、运动疗法的指导,其中观察组给予社区护理干预,对照组不施加任何影响。结果:观察组6个月的血压控制良好率及遵医行为(除运动疗法)均明显高于对照组(P0.05),两组比较有显著差异。结论:遵医行为的护理干预对老年高血压病患者的血压控制产生显著效果。     

Isolated aorta setup for hemodynamic studies

A setup consisting of a high-performance hydraulic pump connected to the ascending part of an isolated aorta, including all major distal branches, each loaded with calibrated artificial resistors, was developed. The system was used to study total aortic compliance of the baboon as a function of mean aortic pressure (n=5). The aorta loaded with the resistors was mounted in a custom-designed sink table, such that it was submersed in physiological saline maintained at 37°C. Mean distending pressure in the entire aortic compliance from pressure and flow waves generated by the pump. Total aortic compliance as a function of mean pressure was fitted with a logarithmic function: Ln (Compliance)=A+B * P. The value of A(±SE) was: 1.565±0.319 and B: −0.020±0.003 (P<0.001). The results were compared with previously published results (also using the same three-element Windkessel fit) obtained in three of the same animalsin vivo. Thein vivo data were A: 1.095±0.235 and B: −0.019±0.003.In vitro data had a significantly higher value of A thanin vivo (P=0.017), implying a significantly higher aortic compliancein vitro thanin vivo. Occlusion of the proximal descending aorta was performed at a low distending pressure (55 mm Hg) to determine the proximal complicance. It was found (n=4) that 46±11% (SD) of the total arterial compliance is to be attributed to the ascending and proximal descending aorta. This work was supported in part by Grant RG 86/0066 from the scientific affairs division of Nato.     

女性首发精神分裂症患者早期干预治疗中的依从性研究

目的　探讨女性首发精神分裂症患者早期干预治疗的依从性。方法　用单因素法和逐步回归分析法评定 1 6 6例首发精神分裂症女患者早期干预治疗中依从性与其相关资料的相关性。结果　完全依从 1 1 3例 ( 6 8.1 % ) ;部分依从 37例( 2 2 .3% ) ;不依从 1 6例 ( 9.6 % )。多元逐步回归分析的结果提示影响依从性的最重要因素为 :药物副反应、医护态度、BPRS总分、家庭态度及条件。结论　减少药物副反应、提高服务质量、对患者进行健康教育及家庭干预可明显提高患者的依从性     

Long-term adherence to nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy by hypertensive patients with preexisting sleep apnea

Background and objectiveAlthough positive screening for and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been recommended for patients with cardiovascular problems, patient adherence to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy primarily for a cardiovascular concern is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the adherence to CPAP therapy by hypertensive patients with OSA after a screening test performed regardless of OSA-related symptoms.Subjects and methodsCPAP therapy was administered to 194 of the 1365 hypertensive patients who underwent the screening. The monthly dropout from CPAP therapy and the adequate use level (4 h every night, 70% days in a month) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier analysis over a 3-year follow-up period.ResultsOf the patients, 106 (55%) refused or abandoned the therapy by the end of the follow-up period (adherence, 45%). An adequate use level was maintained by 76 patients (39%). Most of the patients’ background characteristics, including age, sex, Epworth sleepiness scale scores, and parameters obtained on polysomnography, were not related to adherence or adequate use level. The good-compliance level on the first visit after CPAP therapy introduction was most strongly related to adherence (95% CI, 0.05–0.32; p < 0.001) and adequate use level (95% CI, 0.06–0.33; p < 0.05). Fourth quartile of apnea hypopnea index value (greater than 67/h) was also related to adherence (95% CI, 0.21–0.98; p < 0.02) and adequate use level (95% CI, 0.19–0.88; p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe adherence and use level in this population may not be satisfactory but are comparable with those in previous sleep center reports treating symptomatic OSA patients. Thus, the present results would encourage hypertensive patients to undergo positive screening for OSA, regardless of OSA-related symptoms. However, an outcomes study with the same cohort is needed.     

针灸临床研究中依从性保障的思考

通过查阅中英文主要数据库,发现针灸临床研究报道中未见专题报道研究者或受试者依从性的论文.基于此,笔者提出:①通过合理、规范、严谨的研究设计,以及健全、严格的筛选、监督与检查机制,实现各研究者分工合作、各尽其责,从而保障研究者依从性;②通过让受试者充分知情,改善就医环境,构建良好的医患关系,从而保障受试者依从性,最终达到提高临床研究依从性的目的,进而提高临床研究的质量,保障针灸临床研究结果的可靠性.     

肺癌术后患者功能锻炼依从性与健康信念的相关性研究

目的调查肺癌术后患者功能锻炼依从性及健康信念,并分析二者的相关性。方法采用肺癌术后锻炼依从性问卷和Champion健康信念模式量表,对100例肺癌术后患者进行问卷调查。结果肺癌患者术后功能锻炼依从性评分为（28.4±9.5）分,总体水平较低;术后功能锻炼健康信念得分为（84.4±7.2）分。锻炼依从性与健康信念总分（r=0.239）、患者感知到的益处（r=0.304）、健康动力（r=0.236）、自我效能（r=0.325）呈正相关,与感知到的障碍呈负相关（r=-0.231）。结论肺癌术后患者功能锻炼依从性亟待提高,健康信念可作为改善术后锻炼依从性的一个干预目标。     

中医情志干预联合微信宣教在肺癌化疗患者中的应用

目的 探讨中医情志干预联合微信平台在肺癌化疗患者中的应用效果.方法 选择2017年5月-2019年2月在我院行化疗治疗的肺癌患者102例作为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,各51例.对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用中医情志护理联合微信平台干预,干预4个周期后,比较2组自我感受负担、应激反应及...     

网络化认知行为治疗对非器质性失眠的短期疗效观察

目的:探索网络化认知行为治疗对非器质性失眠的短期疗效及患者依从性.方法:经过微信平台招募失眠患者,经过CBT-I专业培训的治疗师电话访谈,排除严重躯体疾病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征及严重抑郁患者,最后纳入65例患者,予以网络化认知行为治疗,观察其治疗前后失眠指数量表(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI)及...     

Rotavirus vaccination compliance and completion in a Medicaid infant population

We examined completion and compliance rates of rotavirus (RV) vaccination according to the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Food and Drug Administration approved Prescribing Information (PI) for Rotarix^® (RV1, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) and RotaTeq^® (RV5, Merck and Co.) among infants under one year of age covered by Medicaid programs. Healthcare claims data from state Medicaid programs that constituted the Truven Health MarketScan^® Multi-State Medicaid Database were retrieved from May 2008–June 2012. Infants were grouped under PI and ACIP cohorts based on the dosing regimens followed. The overall compliance per PI (n = 673,956) and ACIP (n = 695,612) recommendations were 24.5% and 28.2%, respectively; completion rates were 30.3% and 32.6%, respectively. In the PI cohort, infants who received RV1 had significantly higher compliance as compared with infants who received RV5 (65.2% vs. 31.3%; p < 0.0001); completion rates among infants receiving RV1 and RV5 were 65.3% and 46.4%, respectively (p < 0.0001). In the ACIP cohort, compliance with RV1 was significantly higher than RV5 (68.8% vs. 45.9%; p < 0.0001) as was the overall completion rate (73.5% vs. 48.8%; p < 0.0001). While compliance is increasing year over year, overall compliance of RV vaccines is suboptimal, with over 40% of eligible infants unvaccinated in both populations. The 2-dose RV vaccine showed better completion rates and higher compliance than the 3-dose RV vaccine in the United States. Public health initiatives focusing on suboptimal compliance and completion rates of RV vaccination in the Medicaid population could improve these metrics, thereby offering protection against RV infection.