COPD评估测试与GOLD分级的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者COPD评估测试(CAT)与GOLD分级的相关性。方法应用CAT(中文版)对80例COPD急性加重期患者的生活质量进行评估,同时测定常规肺功能和支气管扩张试验。根据CAT评分的分值对患者的生活质量进行分级,同时根据肺功能进行GOLD分级,对结果进行相关性分析。结果 80例COPD患者的CAT分值随患者病情加重而逐渐增加,CAT评分与GOLD分级存在相关性(r=0.59,P<0.01)。结论 CAT与GOLD分级存在高度的相关性。     

Functional balance assessment in recreational college-aged individuals with a concussion history

Objectives

Despite evidence for increased musculoskeletal injury after concussion recovery, there is a lack of dynamic balance assessments that could inform management and research into this increased injury risk post-concussion. Our purpose was to identify tandem gait dynamic balance deficits in recreational athletes with a concussion history within the past 18-months compared to matched controls.

Variations in Surgical Treatment and Outcomes of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Background There is ongoing debate on how variations in surgical technique affect outcomes in pancreatic cancer. This population-based study examines current surgical practice and outcomes for cancer of the pancreatic head. Methods All patients 18 to 85 years old diagnosed with nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head from 1998 through 2003 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program registry. Multivariable regression was used to elucidate factors associated with the type of pancreaticoduodenectomy performed, extent of lymph node (LN) assessment, early mortality, and late survival. Results Overall, 2111 patients were included in the study, with 83.7% treated with a standard Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, there was marked regional variation in the use of pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD; range, .03%–32.0%; P < .0001) and total pancreatectomy (TP; range, .04%–19.5%; P < .0001). TP was associated with significantly higher early mortality (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.1; P < .0001), but late survival did not differ significantly between TP, PPPD, and PD (P = .69). Significant variation was also seen in the number of LN assessed (range across SEER regions, 7.3–13.5; P < .0001). Decreased LN assessment reduced the odds of diagnosing a patient as node positive and was associated with worse late survival. Conclusions In this population-based study, we found marked clinically important variability in the surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head, with respect to the use of TP, PPPD, or PD, and the extent of LN assessment. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying reasons, and to clarify the role of adequate lymphadenectomy.     

肠外营养预混配方与全合一配液配方的临床应用调查

目的 了解国内住院患者全合一肠外营养液与预混肠外营养液的配方特点。方法 收集国内6家不同地区医院的配制中心因不同疾病住院患者的肠外营养处方,统计营养素供给量、总液体量、非蛋白质热卡、总氮量、热氮比、糖脂比等指标,并与预混营养液相比较。结果 全合一营养液处方中营养素的供给量能够满足患者基本营养需要,不同能最级别的预混营养液基本能够满足大多数住院患者的营养需要。全合一营养液处方中总氮量基本能够满足患者营养需要,但热氮比[(180～250):1]、糖脂比(0.56 ～1.26)与推荐值[(100 ～ 150):1,1.0]差距较大,而3种不同能量级别的预混营养液中的热氮比(167)、糖脂比(0.8)更为理想。结论 全合一营养液和预混营养液各有优缺点,能满足多数住院患者疾病治疗的需要。全合一营养液处方应多考虑营养素分配比例的问题。     

经胸腹部联合切口的巨大肝血管瘤切除术

北京协和医院肝脏外科于2012年4月10日成功完成1例巨大肝血管瘤切除手术,手术历时11h,肿瘤最长径为48cm。该患者22年前曾因肝脏肿瘤行经胸、腹联合切口探查,但因术中出血较多未能切除肿瘤。该手术的成功受益于精准肝切除,包括CT血管重建技术、三维立体肝脏储备功能评估、术中控制性低中心静脉压以及精细肝切除操作技术的综合应用。     

Smoking as an independent risk factor for severe skin reactions due to adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer

Risk factors for severe acute radiation skin reactions (ARSR) have been described with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of severe ARSR in women undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer.390 women were assessed at the first and final RT sessions and at followup. ARSR were measured by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/The Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria (RTOG/EORTC scale). Patients reported symptoms using visual analogue scale (VAS). Health related quality of life was assessed by EORTC QLQ-C30 and sleep disturbances by the MOS-Sleep questionnaire. Clinical data included smoking status (carbon monoxide in expired air), body mass index (BMI) and treatment data.RT dose, ≥50 Gy (mean difference 1.9 CI: 1.0 to 3.5, p = 0.040), high BMI (mean difference 4.3 CI: 2.2 to 8.3, p < 0.001) and smoking (mean difference 2.5 CI. 1.1 to 5.7, p = 0.027) were the factors strongest related to severe ARSR. Patients' with severe ARSR reported higher levels of pain and increased sleeping problems.To stop smoking during RT is the best decision patients can make to reduce the risk for severe ARSR since smoking is an independent risk factor.     

Preoperative assessment for cardiac surgery

Anaesthetic challenges in cardiac surgery are multifaceted. Since patients present with compromised cardiovascular reserve and multiple co-morbidities, a thorough preoperative assessment and meticulous anaesthetic plan is essential. This targets anaesthetic history, physical examination and analysis of investigations, routine and specific to the cardiovascular system. Special models exist for risk stratification to aid perioperative planning, surgical decision making, benchmarking and quality assurance. This article provides an overview of history, examination and preoperative management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Scoring systems and practical investigations are reviewed.