组织瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损的护理研究

口腔颌面部的外伤及恶性肿瘤等疾病会导致面部组织的缺损,对患者的美观度及功能等产生一定 的影响。组织瓣修复在改善患者口腔颌面部缺损以及外观上具有积极的临床效果,但其手术治疗效果与术 后护理具有密切的联系。本文对组织瓣移植进行概述,并对组织瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损的护理作一综述。     

胆总管十二指肠吻合术在老年人胆总管结石治疗中的应用

目的：探讨胆总管十二指肠吻合术治疗老年人胆总管结石的临床效果,评估该术式的可行性。方法回顾分析潍坊市中医院1994年12月～2014年6月采用胆总管十二指肠吻合术治疗516例老年胆总管结石患者的临床及随访资料。结果本组516例手术均顺利完成,手术时间50～90（65±6）min,术后平均住院时间（11±2）d。术后20例发生近期并发症,包括切口感染5例,脂肪液化7例,肺内感染5例,充血性心力衰竭3例。498例随访2～16（6．5±3．5）年,随访率96．5％．发生肠梗阻4例,切口疝2例,返流性胆管炎7例,没有结石复发、盲端综合征及胆管癌等远期并发症发生。结论胆总管十二肠吻合术治疗胆总管结石具有防止结石复发、手术并发症少、返流性胆管炎发生率低及操作简便易行等优点,值得推广应用。     

Structure-Function Analyses of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Human N-Acetyltransferase 1

Human N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) alleles are characterized by one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with rapid and slow acetylation phenotypes. NAT1 both activates and deactivates arylamine drugs and carcinogens, and NAT1 polymorphisms are associated with increased frequencies of many cancers and birth defects. The recently resolved human NAT1 crystal structure was used to evaluate SNPs resulting in the protein substitutions R64W, V149I, R187Q, M205V, S214A, D251V, E261K, and I263V. The analysis enhances knowledge of NAT1 structure-function relationships, important for understanding associations of NAT1 SNPs with genetic predisposition to cancer, birth defects, and other diseases.     

磁共振胰胆管成像在胆总管结石方面的临床应用价值

目的 探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)在胆石症病人中的临床应用价值。方法 通过对87例术前行MRCP检查的胆石症病人和66例术前未行MRCP检查的胆石症病人的对比研究，比较两组术后胆道残石的发生率和胆道阴性探查率。结果 发现在有胆道相对探查指征的病人中，术前MRCP检查的阴性率为23％，术后残石率为1．5％，胆道阴性探查率为0；而未行MRCP检查的胆石症病人的残石率为9．1％，胆道阴性探查率为18．2％。结论术前MRCP检查可降低胆道阴性探查率，避免不必要的胆道探查，还可降低胆道残石发生率。     

Knots and nonorientable surfaces in chiral nematics

Knots and knotted fields enrich physical phenomena ranging from DNA and molecular chemistry to the vortices of fluid flows and textures of ordered media. Liquid crystals provide an ideal setting for exploring such topological phenomena through control of their characteristic defects. The use of colloids in generating defects and knotted configurations in liquid crystals has been demonstrated for spherical and toroidal particles and shows promise for the development of novel photonic devices. Extending this existing work, we describe the full topological implications of colloids representing nonorientable surfaces and use it to construct torus knots and links of type (p,2) around multiply twisted Möbius strips.     

Folate,folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate are not the same thing

Abstract

1.?Folate, an essential micronutrient, is a critical cofactor in one-carbon metabolism. Mammals cannot synthesize folate and depend on supplementation to maintain normal levels. Low folate status may be caused by low dietary intake, poor absorption of ingested folate and alteration of folate metabolism due to genetic defects or drug interactions.

2.?Folate deficiency has been linked with an increased risk of neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease, cancer and cognitive dysfunction. Most countries have established recommended intakes of folate through folic acid supplements or fortified foods. External supplementation of folate may occur as folic acid, folinic acid or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF).

3.?Naturally occurring 5-MTHF has important advantages over synthetic folic acid – it is well absorbed even when gastrointestinal pH is altered and its bioavailability is not affected by metabolic defects. Using 5-MTHF instead of folic acid reduces the potential for masking haematological symptoms of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, reduces interactions with drugs that inhibit dihydrofolate reductase and overcomes metabolic defects caused by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism. Use of 5-MTHF also prevents the potential negative effects of unconverted folic acid in the peripheral circulation.

4.?We review the evidence for the use of 5-MTHF in preventing folate deficiency.     

The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in orthopaedic applications

Preclinical proof-of-concept, feasibility and efficacy studies in lower animals resulted in the accumulation of data that served as a backbone for clinical trials with the recombinant, osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Among the important observations was the dependence of dose and carrier on the outcome for osseous union in relation to the animal model used. Clinical outcome data for spinal applications indicate better overall results compared with traditional controls that utilised autogenous iliac crest bone graft for fusion. Parameters include less blood loss, less operating room time and costs, better fusion outcomes and increased patient satisfaction. At this juncture, the long journey from the identification of BMP-2 in demineralised bone fraction to FDA approval for use in a singular orthopaedic application has been completed. It has been demonstrated to be safe, efficacious and cost-effective, leading to increased patient satisfaction and improved clinical outcome.     

Membrane technology for optimizing process optimization of small bioactive compounds in Mailuoning Injection factory effluene北大核心CSCD

Objective: To enrich small bioactive compounds from Mailuoning Injection factory effluene by polyether sulfoxide hollow fiber membrane. Methods: The retention rate of the common polymer (protein, tannin, starch, and pectin) and the permeability of the small molecule pharmacodynamic substance chlorogenic acid were the indicators, and the stop time and membrane type in ultrafiltration process were optimized. The temperature, pressure, and feed rate were investigated to determine the influence degree of each factor on the permeability and retention rate, and then the optimum process parameters of the ultrafiltration membrane process were optimized by using Box-Behnken design-response surface method. Results: The sequence of common polymer retention rate from high to low is: the influencing factor A (temperature), B (pressure), C (feed rate), and there was a negative correlation with the temperature. For the chlorogenic acid transmission rate, the influencing factor A (temperature) was larger than B (pressure), and C (feed rate) was lowest. There was a “∩” relationship between chlorogenic acid permeability and pressure at a certain temperature and rate. The results of optimized process were as follows: liquid temperature was 35 ℃, feed rate was 262 mL/min, and membrane pressure was 15.0 psi (1 psi = 6.895 kPa). The chlorogenic acid transmission rate was (91.470 ± 0.988)%, and polymer retention rate was (80.080 ± 2.296)%. The comprehensive score was (85.780 ± 1.641)% and RSD was 0.46%. There was a small difference between the two processes. Conclusion: Hollow fiber membrane, which is a sustainable and green resource utilization, has a good permeability for small bioactive compounds in wastewater, and has excellent retaining effect on common macromolecules. © 2019, Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All right reserved.     

Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp with large underlying skull defect: a case report

Localised agenesis of the scalp is the most frequent patern in aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), a congenital absence of the skin and occasionally of deeper layers. Several clinical groups are characterised by the location and pattern of skin defects, associated malformations and the mode of inheritance. Death occurs in 20% of cases, secondary to the associated anomalies, to infections or to haemorrhage from ulceration of the sagittal sinus when there is also a defect of the underlying skull. In this latter case, we close the defect by two rotational scalp flaps (Orticochea technique) at birth. A three-dimensional CT study is useful for showing the extent of the skull defect and the deformity of the craniofacial complex and the changes in the bone after treatment.     

Closing patellar tendon defects after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: absence of any benefit

The most common graft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery involves using the central one-third of the patellar tendon. Knowledge concerning the postoperative disability after harvesting the patellar tendon is, however, limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact patellar tendon suture and bone grafting of the patellar bone defect might have in terms of functional outcome and patellofemoral pain after harvesting the bone-tendon-bone graft, compared with leaving the harvested site non-sutured and non-grafted. Sixty patients, scheduled for arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction, were randomly allocated to two groups. In group I, suture of the patellar tendon and bone grafting of the patellar defect were performed. In group II, the tendon gap and the patellar defect were left open. Preoperatively, there was no significant difference between the groups when comparing objective knee stability, as measured with a KT-1000 laxity meter, Lysholm score, Tegner activity level, IKDC score, or patellofemoral pain score. Both groups had a significantly improved Lysholm score at the 2-year follow-up, without any difference between them. Tegner's activity level was significantly lower at follow-up, compared with the pre-injury level in both groups. The patellofemoral pain score improved significantly after the reconstruction, without any difference between the groups. Ultrasonography did not reveal any difference between the groups in terms of healing of the tendon gap. This study revealed no differences in donor site morbidity, functional outcome, patellofemoral pain score or knee joint stability between the two treatment groups. The conclusion is that suture of the patellar tendon and bone grafting of the patellar defect do not improve the functional results or reduce donor site morbidity after arthroscopically assisted ACL. Received: 17 December 1996 Accepted: 30 July 1997