出生缺陷与电磁辐射和食物链关系分析

目的探讨出生缺陷与电磁辐射和食物链的关系。方法选择195例出生缺陷患儿母亲作为研究组,195例健康儿母亲为对照组,对两组孕期居住环境及使用手机、电脑、电磁炉、微波炉频率和饮食习惯等进行调查,并检测分娩时母血雌激素、孕酮、睾酮水平。结果研究组居住靠近变压器、电视塔、通讯转播塔比例高于对照组（P均〈0.05）,孕期食用人工饲料喂养的家禽、牲畜、鱼等的频率高于对照组（P均〈0.05）;研究组孕期使用手机、电脑、电磁炉、微波炉、观看电视的频率高于对照组（P均〈0.05）。结论电磁辐射和食用人工饲料喂养的家禽、牲畜、鱼类等肉食对出生缺陷可能有影响。     

利用信息技术提高河南省出生缺陷防治管理水平

目的 总结通过信息平台,提高出生缺陷防控水平的经验和挑战.方法 回顾性总结系统中出生缺陷三级预防措施落实,沿胎儿生命周期获取功能和代谢障碍缺陷个案的数据并进行总结分析.结果 平台促进了出生缺陷三级预防措施落实.系统包括11 912例有遗传病或缺陷儿家族史的孕妇信息,433例染色体和基因异常胎儿产前诊断记录,7977例结...     

Investigation on the Evolution of Nano-Scale Defects of CL-20 Crystals under Thermal Treatment by Wide/Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of the explosive charges of weapons. In order to understand the evolution of nano-scale defects of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane (CL-20) explosive crystals under thermal treatments, the specific surface, volume fraction and size distribution of the nano-scale defects were studied by using Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) during the temperature range from 30 °C to 200 °C. The results showed that the number and size of the pores in CL-20 powder did not change significantly during the heating process before phase transformation (30–160 °C). At 170 °C, CL-20 began to convert from ε- to γ- phase, and the specific surface and volume fraction of the nano-scale defects increased significantly. Further investigation of the pore size distribution showed that the number of pores with a small size (radius 9–21 nm) changed particularly significantly, resulting from the cracking of the CL-20 crystal powder during phase transition. At 200 °C, the phase transition was completed and γ-CL-20 was created, and the small-sized pores gradually grew into medium-sized (radius 21–52 nm) pores over time when the temperature was fixed at 200 °C.     

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Squeeze Casting of AlSi9Mg Aluminum Alloy Component with a Large Size

The squeeze casting process for an AlSi9Mg aluminum alloy flywheel housing component was numerically simulated using the ProCAST software, and orthogonal simulation tests were designed according to the L16 (4) ⁵ orthogonal test table to investigate the alloy melt flow rule under four factors and four levels each of the pouring temperature, mold temperature, pressure holding time and specific pressure, as well as the distributions of the temperature fields, stress fields and defects. The results showed that the flywheel housing castings in all 16 test groups were fully filled, and the thinner regions solidified more quickly than the thicker regions. Hot spots were predicted at the mounting ports and the convex platform, which could be relieved by adding a local loading device. Due to the different constraints on the cylinder surface and the lower end surface, the solidification was inconsistent, the equivalent stress at the corner junction was larger, and the castings with longer pressure holding time and lower mold temperature had larger average equivalent stress. Shrinkage cavities were mainly predicted at mounting ports, the cylindrical convex platform, the peripheral overflow groove and the corner junctions, and there was also a small defect region at the edge of the upper end face in some test groups.     

深圳市龙岗区2009-2014年围产儿出生缺陷监测资料分析

目的 了解深圳市龙岗地区围产儿出生缺陷的发生情况及影响因素,为制定针对性干预措施、降低出生缺陷提供依据.方法 依照《中国出生缺陷监测方案》,将深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健信息系统中监测的2009至2014年围产儿出生缺陷资料导出后进行回顾性分析.结果 深圳市2009-2014年围产儿出生缺陷总的发生率为15.12‰,发生率呈逐年上升趋势(趋势x2=114.23,P＜0.001),其中产前确诊占10.39％,产后确诊占89.02％.6年间出生缺陷发生率前5位依次为:先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、马蹄内翻足、外耳其他畸形、唇裂合并腭裂.男婴和女婴出生缺陷发生率有显著性差异(x2=57.914,P＜0.001),不同户籍类型的产妇出生缺陷发生率也有显著性差异(x2=8.518,P=0.014).开展免费筛查和诊断前后引产孕周的差异有统计学意义(t=4.127,P＜0.001).结论 龙岗区近几年出生缺陷发生率逐年增多,尤其以先天性心脏病增长比例最高,因此应制定一、二级预防措施,加强宣传教育,加强婚前、孕前保健,重视产前筛查和产前诊断,降低出生缺陷率.     

高温致金黄地鼠神经管畸形的上调表达基因筛选及其鉴定

目的:筛选高温致金黄地鼠神经管畸形的上调表达基因,探讨其分子生物学机制。方法:通过抑制性消减杂交技术获得消减产物,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,构建高温致金黄地鼠胚胎神经管畸形的消减cDNA文库;联合蓝白斑和菌落PCR方法筛选含插入片段的阳性克隆,进行测序和同源性分析,并经Northern杂交技术检测基因的表达。结果:成功构建高温致金黄地鼠胚胎神经管畸形的消减cDNA文库,其中2个克隆插入片段的基因序列与小鼠磷酸甘油酸酯激酶(Pgk-1)同源。Northern杂交证实该基因在高温致畸胚胎神经管的表达较其在同龄正常胚胎神经管明显升高。结论:Pgk-1的上调表达可能与高温致神经管畸形密切相关。     

愈咳方治疗感冒后咳嗽的临床研究

目的评价愈咳方治疗感冒后咳嗽的临床疗效及安全性。方法 160例符合入组标准的患者随机分为治疗组(110例)与对照组(50例),治疗组应用中药愈咳方治疗,对照组常规西药治疗,两组疗程均为10 d。观察两组患者的总有效率及起效时间。结果治疗组中西医症状疗效总有效率为90.0%与92.7%,对照组为70.0%与66.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗组平均起效时间为(2.95±1.24)d,对照组为(3.86±1.87)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论愈咳方治疗感冒后咳嗽安全、有效,值得推广。     

腹腔镜下胆总管探查治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石

目的探讨用腹腔镜行胆总管探查术治疗胆石症的微创意义及可行性。方法回顾分析45例胆囊结石并胆总管结石患者的临床资料。其中内镜括约肌切除术(EST)取石失败31例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术中造影发现胆总管结石11例。结果45例胆石症患者均在腹腔镜下完成手术,手术时间为(92.0±16.4)min,术后残余结石3例(7%),2例行经窦道胆道镜取石成功,1例行经T管肝素溶石。术后3～7周拔除T管,无胆漏发生。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除并胆总管探查术治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石具有安全性和可行性,治疗效果肯定,微创意义明显。     

房室间隔缺损的二维超声心动图临床及X线分析

本文报告运用二维超声心动图技术,结合临床和X线检查,诊断房室间隔缺损54例,手术证实15例。结果表明:二维超声心动图对诊断房室间隔缺损具有重要价值。在进行这项检查时,如结合做超声造影、临床和X线表现,对较小的房室间隔缺损也能得到明确诊断。     

延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复巨大口咽缺损

【目的】探讨下斜方肌肌皮瓣在晚期口咽根治术后巨大口咽部缺损中的应用。【方法】11例晚期口咽部鳞状细胞癌根治术治疗后用颈横动脉供血的延长垂直下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复巨大口咽部缺损。【结果】全部病例无大块皮瓣坏死，无明显肩部功能影响，供区直接拉拢缝合，吞咽和语言功能满意。经4至15个月（平均7．2个月）追踪复查，有4例肿瘤复发。其中1例带瘤生存和3例死亡。[结论]延长垂直下斜方肌肌皮瓣操作较简单可靠，瓣足够大，可作为晚期口咽部鳞状细胞癌手术治疗后巨大口咽部缺损修复的带蒂皮瓣。