造口旁疝患者术前焦虑抑郁现状调查及其影响因素研究

目的 调查造口旁疝患者术前焦虑抑郁现状,并对相关因素进行分析。方法 选择在2012年1月至2014年1月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院进行结肠造口旁疝手术患者130例为研究对象。在入院第一天采用Zung焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxietyscale,SAS）和抑郁自评量表（self-rating depression scale,SDS）进行调查,应用多因素Logistic回归分析进行相关因素分析。结果 130例造口旁疝患者抑郁平均指数为（O．59±0．13）,焦虑平均得分为（56±5）分,51例（39．23％）患者术前存在焦虑情绪,47例患者存在抑郁（36．15％）,45例患者同时存在焦虑抑郁情绪。对相关影响因素进行统计分析后发现,焦虑患者在性别、职业、医疗费用类型、病程和体质量指数方面差异有统计学意义。抑郁患者在性别、职业、医疗费用类型、病程和体质量指数方面差异有统计学意义。性别、职业、费用类别、病程、体质量指数与造口旁疝患者焦虑相关;性别、费用类别、病程与造口旁疝患者抑郁相关。结论 造口旁疝患者焦虑和抑郁评分均高于国内常模,患者存在焦虑、抑郁情绪并受到多种因素影响,在临床工作中,护理人员应及时干预,以促进患者身心健康。     

造口访问对结肠造口患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨造口访问对提高结肠造口患者生活质量的效果。方法用随机数字表法将入院拟行肠造口手术的患者80例分为实验组和对照组各40例。对照组由护士按常规实施术前、术后护理,出院后常规定期复查,接受由造口治疗师主导的个体化教育,出院定时造口门诊复诊。实验组在此基础上安排2名造口访问者（由有相似经历并已在各方面调整较好的既往造口患者担任）在患者术前1～2d及术后4～10d探访患者,出院后定期电话访问或上门探访患者。干预的内容包括为患者及家属提供日常生活、运动、工作,以及情感支持、社会支持、造口自我护理等咨询。干预前后采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织开发的生活质量核心量表（EORTC QLQ C30）中文版测评患者的生活质量。结果干预前两组人口学资料及生活质量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。出院后3个月,实验组躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能等功能维度和总生活质量得分分别为（85.92±10.06）,（70.05±18.85）,（89.77±17.03）,（90.25±14.85）,（73.15±18.70）,（77.84±16.94）分,均高于对照组的（69.58±12.86）,（41.66±23.35）,（70.43±16.98）,（71.03±15.64）,（40.87±20.88）,（53.16±19.12）分,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为6.329,5.983,5.086,5.636,7.284,6.110;P〈0.01）。实验组疲倦、疼痛等症状维度得分分别为（19.44±10.96）,（9.46±4.55）分,均低于对照组的（40.74±17.63）,（17.85±8.95）分,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为-6.489,-5.285;P〈0.01）。实验组单项问题中失眠、食欲缺乏和腹泻的例数分别为17,10,2例,均少于对照组的31,35,8例,差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为10.208,31.746,4.114;P〈0.05或P＜0.01）。两组恶心呕吐症状维度得分和气促、便秘单项问题,以及经济困难例数差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论造口访问干预能有效提高造口患者的生活质量。     

直肠癌结肠造口患者围手术期生存质量分析

目的：分析直肠癌结肠造口患者围手术期生存质量状况及其影响因素,寻找改善患者生存质量的策略。方法：采用生存质量评定量表QLICP-CR对73例深圳市第二人民医院胃肠外科2008年7月至2011年2月收治的直肠癌患者进行问卷调查,分析患者围手术期的生存质量状况。结果：在围手术期全部患者术前生存质量状况好于术后（P〈0.05）;有结肠造口与无结肠造口两组患者生存质量状况比较在术前无明显差异（P〉0.05）;而术后2组患者的生存质量状况差异明显（P〈0.05）。结论：结肠造口严重影响了直肠癌患者围手术期的生存质量。减少术后并发症可以改善直肠癌患者的生存质量状况     

Stoma formation for fecal diversion: a plea for the laparoscopic approach

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to assess the results of laparoscopic stoma creation for fecal diversion, specifically focussing on feasibility, safety, and efficacy, as well as indications and techniques. Methods Within a 10-year-period, all patients requiring laparoscopic stoma creation were evaluated prospectively. Patients profiles and indications, procedures and results of operation, conversion, morbidity, mortality and short-term complications (stoma-related, laparoscopy-associated) were analyzed. Results A total of 80 patients (39 males, 41 females) with a mean age of 55.5 years (range, 17–91) underwent laparoscopic stoma creation. Most common indications were unresectable advanced colorectal cancer (n=20), pelvic malignant cancer (e. g. ovarian, cervix and prostate cancer, n=16), and perianal Crohns disease with complex fistulas (n=16). Only in one female patient with pelvic malignant disease was the procedure converted to laparotomy due to obesity (conversion rate, 1.3%). 79 patients underwent laparoscopic stoma creation (completion rate, 98.7%) including loop ileostomy (n=30), loop sigmoid colostomy (n=40) and end sigmoid colostomy (n=9). Postoperative complications were documented in 9 patients (overall morbidity rate, 11.4%), including 4 minor complications treated conservatively (2 cases of prolonged atonia and 1 case each of pneumonia and urinary tract infection) and 5 major complications requiring reoperation (reoperation rate, 6.3%): one parastomal abscess (drainage), one stoma retraction following rod dislocation (laparoscopic stoma recreation), small bowel obstruction in two patients (small bowel resection), one port-site hernia (fascial closure), and hemorrhage (managed by re-laparoscopy). Mean operation time was 74 min (range, 30–245 min). Mean blood loss volume was 80 ml (range, 30–400 ml). Patients were discharged from hospital after a mean of 10.3 days (range, 3–47). Within a 1-year follow-up, no further stoma complications were documented. Conclusions The advantages of laparoscopic stoma creation are low morbidity and reoperation rates, and no procedure-related mortality; our results suggest that laparoscopic stoma creation for fecal diversion is safe, feasible and effective. Therefore, at our institution, laparoscopic stoma creation is the method of choice for fecal diversion.     

Is parastomal hernia repair with polypropylene mesh safe?

BACKGROUND: Concern over the safety of polypropylene mesh in parastomal hernia repairs has led some to avoid its use. We reviewed our rate of complications and outcomes with polypropylene mesh. METHODS: From January 1988 through May 2002, 58 patients underwent parastomal hernia repair with polypropylene mesh. After closure of the fascia, the stoma was pulled through the center of the mesh, which was placed either above or below the fascia. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent predictors for the development of complications. RESULTS: There were 31 end colostomies, 24 end ileostomies, and 3 loop transverse colostomies. Mean follow-up with 50.6 months. Overall complications related to the polypropylene mesh was 36% (recurrence 26%, surgical bowel obstruction 9%, prolapse 3%, wound infection 3%, fistula 3%, and mesh erosion 2%). None of the patients had extirpation of their mesh. Complications were significantly associated with younger age (59.6 versus 67 years, P = 0.04). Cancer patients with stomas had fewer complications (P = 0.02, odds ratio 0.34). Inflammatory bowel disease, stomal type, mesh location, urgent procedures, steroid use, and surgical approaches were not significantly associated with an increased complication rate. Of the 15 patients with recurrence, 7 underwent successful repair for an overall success rate of 86%. CONCLUSIONS: Parastomal hernia repair with polypropylene mesh is safe and effective.     

Parastomal hernia surgery: personal experience with use of polypropylene mesh

Following stoma construction, parastomal hernia is the most frequent complication. Many surgical techniques have been postulated for these patients, and prosthetic surgery represents the first-choice treatment. We report our personal experience with 8 cases of parastomal hernia in patients submitted to abdominal perineal resection according to Miles, for carcinoma of the lower rectum. Polypropylene mesh was shaped according to the size of the fascial defects, characterized by a romboid incision about 4 cm in length. The mesh was placed in suprafascial position, after suturing the fascial tear. One case of wound infection occurred and, to date, none of the patients have presented with recurrence after a 3-year follow-up. In conclusion, the use of polypropylene mesh for parastomal hernia repair represents a safe and successful technique. Received: 2 February 2001 / Accepted in revised form: 30 May 2001     

Stoma complications

PURPOSE: A retrospective analysis of enteric stomas performed at Cook County Hospital was undertaken to evaluate stoma complications per stoma type and configuration and operating service. In addition, we attempted to identify factors predictive of increased enteric stoma complications. METHODS: From 1976 to 1995, data cards on 1,616 patients with stomas were compiled by Cook County Hospital enteric stomal therapists. Data card information included age, gender, weight, early and late stoma complications, emergency status, operating service, type and configuration of the stoma, and whether the patient was seen preoperatively by an enteric stomal therapist. Data were then analyzed using a logistic regression model to identify those variables that influenced the rate of complications. RESULTS: There were 553 (34 percent) patients with complications. Among the total complications, 448 (28 percent) occurred early (<1 month postoperative), and 105 (6 percent) occurred late (>1 month). The most common early complications were skin irritation (12 percent), pain associated with poor stoma location (7 percent), and partial necrosis (5 percent). The most common late complications were skin irritation (6 percent), prolapse (2 percent), and stenosis (2 percent). The enteric stoma with the most complications was the loop ileostomy (75 percent). The enteric stoma with the least complications was the end transverse colostomy (6 percent). The general surgery service had the most complications (47 percent), followed by gynecology (44 percent), surgical oncology (37 percent), colorectal (32 percent), pediatric surgery (29 percent), and trauma (25 percent). Age, operating service, enteric stoma type and configuration, and preoperative enteric stomal therapist marking were found to be variables that influenced stoma complications. CONCLUSIONS: Complications from enteric stoma construction are common. Preoperative enteric stoma site marking, especially in older patients, and avoiding the ileostomy, particularly in the loop configuration, can help minimize complications.     

A population-based study of rectal cancer: permanent colostomy as an outcome

Purpose: The objectives of this study are to describe the utilization of surgery and of radiotherapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed rectal cancer in Ontario between 1982 and 1994, and to describe the probability of permanent colostomy at any time after the diagnosis of rectal cancer, as an outcome of the treatment of newly diagnosed rectal cancer.

Methods and Materials: Electronic records of rectal cancer (International Classification of Diseases code 154) from the Ontario Cancer Registry (n = 18,695, excluding squamous, basaloid, cloacogenic, and carcinoid histology) were linked to surgical records from all Ontario hospitals, and radiotherapy (RT) records from Ontario cancer centers. Procedures occurring within 4 months of diagnosis, or within 4 months of another procedure for rectal cancer, were considered part of initial treatment. Multivariate analyses controlled for age, sex, and year of diagnosis.

Results: Resection plus permanent colostomy was performed in 33.1% of cases, whereas local excision or resection without permanent colostomy was performed in 38.2%. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated higher odds ratios (OR) for resection plus permanent colostomy in all regions of Ontario relative to Toronto. The OR for postoperative RT following local excision or resection without permanent colostomy varied among the regions relative to Toronto (e.g., OR Ottawa = 0.59, OR Hamilton = 0.76, OR London = 1.25). The relative risk (RR) of colostomy conditional upon survival within 5 years from diagnosis varied among regions relative to Toronto (e.g., RR Ottawa = 1.21, RR Hamilton = 1.20).

Conclusions: There is regional variation in the utilization of resection with permanent colostomy, and in the utilization of postoperative RT among cases not undergoing permanent colostomy. Regions with higher initial rates of resection plus permanent colostomy continue to experience higher probability of permanent colostomy 5 years after diagnosis of rectal cancer. Higher initial rates of permanent colostomy may be malleable to interventions aimed at improving overall outcomes.     

造口治疗师连续护理干预在永久性肠造口患者中的应用

目的总结本科造口治疗师对永久性肠造口患者实施连续护理干预的经验。 方法由具有获世界造口治疗师协会认可的执业资格证书的造口治疗师全职负责,对永久性肠造口患者实施全程连续性的护理干预。包括：术前宣教、造口定位、造口志愿者探访及术前心理辅导,术后造口观察和评估、术后心理护理、指导患者掌握造口护理知识,指导和协助选择造口袋,术后宣教及出院指导,造口并发症的预防和处理,定期组织造口联谊会,电话随访、咨询等护理干预措施。 结果有效地预防和治疗了造口并发症,提高了造口人的生活质量。 结论造口治疗师连续护理干预为肠造口患者提供专业化和延续性的护理服务,值得推广应用。     

家属参与的综合护理对肠造口患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨家属参与下的综合护理对肠造口患者生活质量的影响.方法 收集永久性肠造口患者128例,按随机化原则把患者分成试验组和对照组两组,对照组按胃肠外科的综合护理进行,包括术前、术后的健康教育和心理护理,以及出院后的院外持续护理.试验组在综合护理的基础上强调对家属的健康教育和心理干预.观察两组出院后1个月、3个月的复诊情况、并发症发生情况,以及两组患者的生活质量得分.结果 出院后3个月,试验组的复诊依从性高于对照组（P＜0.05）.出院后1个月、3个月,对照组并发症总数高于试验组（P＜0.05）,对照组中造口周围皮肤炎症高于试验组（P＜0.05）,试验组主要是和造口术后护理相关的并发症发生较少.出院后1个月、3个月,试验组生活质量总分及各维度得分均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,表明试验组患者在生理、心理、社会医患关系、婚姻关系和性关系上均比对照组好,各方面更健康.结论 对家属的健康教育和护理干预能有效提高肠造口患者的生理、心理上的康复,促进其参加社会活动,提高患者的生活质量.