The Effects of Permeation Enhancers on the Surface Morphology of the Rat Nasal Mucosa: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

A rat model has been developed to compare relative morphological changes in the nasal mucosa after exposure to potential membrane permeation enhancers. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize gross structural and specific cellular changes following exposure. Micrographs of the rat nasal mucosa were scored in four categories: (1) mucosal surface integrity, (2) ciliary morphology, (3) mucus/extracellular debris, and (4) presence of red blood cells. The order of increasing morphological damage resulting from a 5-min exposure to each surfactant was 0.5% Solulan C-24 0.5% Solulan C-24/0.5% sodium tauro-24,25-dihydrofusidate (STDHF) < 0.5% STDHF < 1.0% STDHF 1.0% Laureth-9 < 1.0% sodium taurodeoxycholate 1.0% sodium deoxycholate. The changes observed in the mucosal morphology after exposure to the various surfactants are in general agreement with data in the literature. This model is able to compare rapidly the relative morphological effects on the mucosal membrane of different nasal formulations.     

电针对大鼠胃粘膜胃泌素和EGFR表达及AgNOR的影响

目的 观察电针足三里穴对胃粘膜细胞受体表达及核增殖的影响。探讨针灸作用机制。方法 75只SD大鼠随机分段分为5线,在清醒状态下针刺实验,SABC法免疫组化染色观察胃粘膜细胞胃泌素（Gas)、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）表达程度,AgNOR特染观察胃腺细胞增殖情况。结果 电针足三里穴胃粘膜EGFR阳性表达率73.3%,Gas表达率66.7%;电针三阴交对EGFR表达远景as表达率为46.7%;联合穴位组Gas,EGFR表达均达60.0%,AgNOR特染各组核内嗜银颗粒无明显差异。结论 电针足三里可提高胃粘膜细胞Gas和EGFR表达率。改变细胞分子结构。影响细胞功能,电针对胃粘膜细胞核增殖无影响。     

血管运动性鼻炎激光治疗鼻腔粘膜致敏区的筛选

目的 :随访和对比激光治疗血管运动性鼻炎鼻腔粘膜不同区域的致敏性 ,以明确最佳治疗点。方法 :随机选择确诊的血管运动性鼻炎 1 0 3例 ,分为下鼻甲、中鼻甲、中鼻甲前 1 /3段 3组进行激光治疗。结果 :下鼻甲组总有效率为 66.7% ,中鼻甲组为 97.1 % ,中鼻甲前 1 /3段为 94.4% ,两中鼻甲组与下鼻甲组总有效率差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 0 5) ,中鼻甲组与中鼻甲前 1 /3段组总有效率差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。结论 :中鼻甲前 1 /3段是血管运动性鼻炎患者鼻粘膜最敏感的区域 ,是最佳激光治疗点。     

鸟苷素对结肠平滑肌运动的影响

目的 :研究鸟苷素在结肠运动中的作用。方法 :建立束缚应激诱发排便异常大鼠动物模型 ,应用放射配基法测定结肠组织及血浆中鸟苷素含量。结果 :束缚应激刺激可诱发大鼠排便异常且无结肠粘膜病理组织学改变 ,可用于模拟人肠易激综合征。束缚应激大鼠血浆及结肠组织中鸟苷素的含量增加。结论 :鸟苷素是调节肠道水及电解质的分泌 ,加强结肠平滑肌的运动的重要物质 ,是肠易激综合征腹泻产生的重要机制之一。     

FCA包裹rhTNF对结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

目的：探讨增强ＴＮＦ抗结肠癌作用的方法。方法：建立人结肠癌裸小鼠移植瘤模型,观察ＦＣＡ包裹ｒｈＴＮＦ对移植瘤体积、瘤重及抑瘤率等变化的影响。结果： ＦＣＡ包裹ｒｈＴＮＦ对人结肠腺癌裸小鼠移植瘤体积、瘤重、生长及抑瘤率等抑制作用均较ｒｈＴＮＦ明显增强;对裸小鼠体重及全身情况的影响较单用ｔｈＴＮＦ明显减轻。结论：ＦＣＡ增强ｒｈＴＮＦ的抗结肠癌作用、减轻ｒｈＴＮＦ的副作用,可能与ＦＣＡ包裹后使ｒｈＴＮＦ在肿瘤灶内持续缓慢释放、半衰期延长有关。     

门静脉高压症合并幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃粘膜的病理改变

目的：本文研究门静脉高压症合并幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃粘膜病理变化的特点,旨在探讨ＨＰ感染在ＰＨＧ发病机制中的意义。方法：对６０例门静脉高压症患者由内窥镜取胃粘膜活检证实有无ＨＰ感染;同时对门静脉高压性胃粘膜病变（ＰＨＧ）者,无论是否伴有幽门杆菌感染分别进行光镜、电镜观察。结果：（１）６０例门脉高压症（ＰＨ）患者有４８例为ＨＰ阳性（８０％）,其中ＰＨＧ患者ＨＰ阳性率为８７％,ＮＰＨＧ患者阳性率仅为６０％;（２）ＨＰ阳性和ＨＰ阴性的门脉高压症患者均合并有胃粘膜病变,且前者以重型为主,后者以轻型为主。结论：（１）ＨＰ感染是形成门脉高压性胃粘膜病变的促进因素;（２）门脉高压时胃粘膜变化包括细胞机制和免疫反应两方面。     

Effect of superantigen on ion electrophysiology and permeability in rabbit maxillary sinus epithelia

Objective Superantigens are potent inflammatory stimuli which derive from pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of superantigens on the function of rabbit maxillary sinus epithelium. Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Rabbit sinus mucosa was separated under a surgical microscope and mounted in Ussing chambers to record short circuit current, conductance and permeability to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Group A was used as normal control. Group B was stimulated with an injection of superantigen into the sinus for 4 hours. The sinus mucosa of Group C was stimulated by the addition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) into Ussing chambers. Group D sinus mucosa was stimulated by superantigen after pretreatment with anti-TNF-α antibody. Results Superantigen evoked increases in sinus epithelial cell baseline short circuit current, conductance and permeability to HRP stimulated by the addition of TNF-α into Ussing chambers. These were similar to results from superantigen stimulation in vivo. The effect of superantigen on sinus epithelial cells could be blocked by pretreatment with anti-TNF-α antibody. Conclusions Superantigen affected the function of sinus epithelial cells, including the capability of epithelial defensive barrier, which might be mediated by TNF-α.     

胃液、胃粘膜组织总胆汁酸测定对胆汁返流性胃炎的诊断价值

目的 :探讨空腹胃液、胃粘膜组织总胆汁酸 (TAB)的含量对胆汁返流性胃炎的诊断价值。方法 :对 47例胆汁返流性胃炎 (RG)组 ,15例消化性溃疡 (PU)组 ,2 0例慢性浅表性胃炎 (CSG)组及 12例正常对照组在胃镜检查的同时 ,抽取胃液 ,钳取胃粘膜组织作 TBA含量测定。胃粘膜组织同时作 HP及病理组织学检查。结果 :胆汁返流性胃炎组胃液及胃粘膜组织 TBA含量分别为 (315 .85 5 0± 35 .946 8)μm ol/ L ;(0 .2 10 7± 0 .0 810 )μmol/ g。明显高于 PU、 CSG及正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。胃粘膜组织 TBA含量与胃液 TBA含量呈明显正相关 ,rs=0 .82 8,P <0 .0 0 1。胃粘膜的炎症程度也随 TBA含量的增加而加重。χ2 =15 .6 37,P <0 .0 0 5。随着 TBA含量的增加 ,HP的检出率下降 ,χ2 =9.42 ,P <0 .0 1。结论 :胃液、胃粘膜组织 TBA含量对胆汁返流性胃炎有诊断价值。而胃粘膜组织 TBA含量更有价值。     

危重患者心脏手术后氧代谢监测的价值

目的 探讨心脏直视术后危重患氧供需平衡的重要性和临床价值。指导救治,三疗效及预后,预防多器功能衰竭（ＭＯＦ）的发生,使ＩＣＵ监测水平跨跃到细胞水平。方法 对１４８例,心脏直视术后危重入ＩＣＵ后,分阶段动态监测动脉,混合静脉血气,心输出量,胃粘膜ＰＨ值,对代谢这各项监测值之间相关关系进行分析。结果 动静脉血气及其差值的变化与循环,呼吸功能变化呈正在关系;ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分高,ＳｖＯ２低的极重患     

Pyogenic liver abscess: Warning indicator of silent colonic cancer

PURPOSE: Carcinoma of the colon, manifested clinically as an enterococcal hepatic abscess, in the absence of liver metastases, is very uncommon. However, having treated a patient with such a condition, we would like to draw the attention of surgeons to this possibility. Most reports describe secondary infections of hepatic metastases only in patients with a known malignancy. However, increased awareness of colonic cancer as an underlying cause of pyogenic liver abscesses will afford earlier diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The case was analyzed for history, presentation, laboratory data, radiologic studies, and bacteriology. RESULTS: A 66-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, fever, and chills. Imaging scans revealed a solitary liver abscess, which was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Pus cultures grew Streptococcus faecalis.A search for the underlying cause led to the discovery of an adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. CONCLUSIONS: An aggressive search for the underlying cause of pyogenic liver abscesses should be an integral part of the definitive treatment of this disease. After prevailing etiologies have been excluded, silent colonic cancer should be considered.