酵母重组乙型肝炎疫苗在中小学生中接种效果评价

目的 评价中小学生大规模乙型肝炎疫苗接种效果。方法 随机选取来实行乙型肝炎疫苗计划免疫管理的6－18岁中小学生1829名,采用血清流行病学方法观测大规模酵母重组乙型肝炎疫苗接种效果。结果 对HBsAg、抗－HBs和抗－HBc全阴性者,接种疫苗1年后,抗－HBs阳性率为70．55％,HBsAg和抗-HBc阳性率分别为0．56％和1．96％;该人群接种前HBVM阳性率为63．31％,接种后为85．51％,抗－HBs阳性率显著增高,且以6－12岁低年龄组人群更明显,而HBsAg和抗－HBc阳性率在接种后1年无明显变化。结论 酵母重组乙型肝炎疫苗大规模接种后,在中小学生中形成了乙型肝炎高保护性、低感染状态。     

产前精神因素对分娩方式及乳汁分泌的影响

目的：探讨产妇产前精神状态与分娩方式、乳汁分泌的关系。方法：用汉密顿焦虑量表（ＨＡＳ）和抑郁量表（ＨＤＳ）评定１０４例在我院分娩健康初产妇的精神状态,全部产妇均以产科常规分娩而不进行干预,观察其分娩方式及产后７ｄ内乳汁分泌情况;按分娩方式不同分为剖宫产组、儿吸产组及顺产组;按产后乳汁分必不同分为纯母乳喂养组和母乳加代乳品喂养组。结果：１０４例产妇出现焦虑２５例,发生率２４．０４％;出现抑郁２０例,     

医学大学生对医德认知的调查研究

采用抽样研究方法,对４３８名不同专业、不同层次的大学生进行了医德认知调查,以了解大学生对医德基本知识掌握的情况,结果表明,大学生对开设医学伦理学课必要性认识均率为６２．９％,课外经常阅读医德书籍均率为２２．７５％,对中外基德发展史各朝代典型的人物及代表作了解的均率为３１．１％,文中对调查结果进行了分析。     

Breast-Conserving therapy: Experience of the breast cancer research group of Tokyo women’s medical college

Conclusion  We are morally obligated to select therapies which are maximally beneficial for patients. Promoting or discouraging the use of a particular treatment modality, such as BCT, should never be a consideration. To meet this goal, our society must establish guidelines as a part of comprehensive policy. The specialist system, launched under the auspices of the specialist system committee, will hopefully lead to further development of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society.     

保定医学堂的初创

保定医学堂是在我国医学教育中较早的一所中西医结合院校,该校的建立为中西医结合的发展起到了积极的作用。本文介绍了该学堂建立时的历史背景,教学计划及学生管理等方面的规章制度,这对当前的教育、教学改革无疑有所裨益。     

住院病人焦虑的原因及护理对策

目的：分析住院病人焦虑的原因,有效地减轻住院病人的焦虑程度。方法：使用焦虑自评量表（SAS）及问卷对347例住院病人进行焦虑原因的调查分析。结果：问卷20题中有13项肯定组与否定组的SAS评分存在显著差异或非常显著差异;不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同住院时间、治疗费用不同支出方式的住院病人SAS评分也存在显著差异。结论：明确住院病人焦虑原因,可有针对性地对其做好心理护理。     

大学生应付方式的研究

目的　研究大学生的应付方式。方法　用自编的应付方式问卷、EPQ、SCL- 90 对600 名大学生进行调查,并作相关因素分析。结果　大部分人采用积极或综合的应付方式,主、客观指标均显示这两种方法较有效,遇心理刺激恢复正常状态的时间显著较短;而消极应付方式较少人采用且效果较次。性别、个性及心理卫生状况与其应付方式关系密切。结论　学校心理保健的重点应放在诱导和帮助学生根据自己的特点掌握有效的多元化的应付方式,预防心理疾患,保持心理健康。     

War-Related Trauma and Stress Characteristics of American University of Beirut Students

An investigation of war-trauma was made utilizing an initial pool of 1,268 undergraduates at the American University of Beirut. Based on the number of war events the students had experienced, 400 students were invited to return for further questioning about their present stress characteristics. Inventories measuring anxiety, depression, and PTSD were administered to 273 students responding to the request. Those who experienced many war events scored significantly higher on all three stress scales. Women scored higher than men on anxiety regardless of war exposure category, but there was no difference between women and men on PTSD or depression.     

云南省大学生心理健康及相关因素分析

目的：了解影响大学生心理健康相关因素。方法：以SCL-90和社会调查表,对云南10所高校不同专业的4309名大学生进行调查,并作方差和逐步回归分析。结果：云南大学生心理健康总体水平低于全国青年常模,但优于上海、山西大学生。主要的心理问题是强迫、人际、偏执、敌意、抑郁（检出率4.04％－5．34％）。影响其心理健康的社会因素依次为生活事件、专业态度、大学生活度过方式、学习目的和家庭人均收入。结论：对大学生精神疾患应提供一级预防和心理卫生服务。     

l-Sulpiride, at a low, non-neuroleptic dose, prevents conditioned fear stress-induced freezing behavior in rats

Antidepressant drugs are effective in anxiety states, including panic disorder. Both clinical and animal studies indicate that l-sulpiride, at low, non-neuroleptic doses, has antidepressant activity. The present study examined the effect of an antidepressant dose of l-sulpiride (4 mg/kg per day SC), compared with a well-established antidepressant drug (fluoxetine, 3 mg/ kg per day SC), in a rat model of anticipatory anxiety/panic behavior: conditioned fear stress-induced freezing behavior. Long-term (26 days) administration of l-sulpiride almost completely abolished freezing, a similar effect being produced by fluoxetine (freezing duration, in seconds: controls, 148.1 ± 29.6; l-sulpiride, 27.5 ± 8.3; fluoxetine, 72.0 ± 15.2). The same doses of l-sulpiride (4 mg/kg SC) and fluoxetine (3 mg/kg SC) had no effect when administered for shorter periods (1, 5, or 12 days). No effect was produced by the long-term (26 days) administration of a neuroleptic dose of l-sulpiride (20 mg/kg per day SC). These results demonstrate that long-term administration of low, non-neuroleptic doses of l-sulpiride, is highly effective in an animal model of anticipatory anxiety/panic behavior. Received: 13 March 1998/Final version: 23 July 1998