儿童牙科畏惧症心理干预的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨心理干预对儿童牙科畏惧症（DA）疗效的影响,方法：采用Corah's牙科畏惧症评分法,筛选出316例DA儿童患者,分为干预组和对照组,干预组在进行常规牙科治疗的同时采用心理干预;对照组则为常规的牙科治疗。结果：干预组DA程度明显降低,与牙科治疗前以及对照组比较都有显著性差异（P＜0．01）,牙科治疗后干预组脉搏减慢例数多于对照组,脉博加快例数少于对照组,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,心理干预后男性比女性疗效要好（P＜0．05）,结论：心理干预方法治疗儿童DA是有效的。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病患者个性及应激反应的研究

目的 :了解TMDs患者的个性特征及应激反应状况。方法 :采用艾森克个性问卷、生活事件调查表、状态焦虑 特质焦虑调查表 ,分别对 80名TMDs患者和 6 5名正常人进行问卷测试 ,结果行统计学分析。结果 :①患病组E量表分偏低而N量表分偏高 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性。②两组负性生活事件发生率差异无显著性。③患病组的S AI和T AI分值均高于对照组。结论 :TMDs患者个性倾向内倾、不稳定型 ,且遇到压力时更易紧张焦虑     

Fear and anxiety about COVID-19 among local and overseas Chinese university students

This study aimed to establish a new COVID-19 Fear (Higher Education) scale to investigate the relationship between fear and generalised anxiety symptoms among Chinese students in mainland China, Hong Kong, and other countries. 219 Chinese university students studying in universities in mainland China (n = 76, 34.7%), Hong Kong (n = 66, 30.1%), and overseas (i.e., outside of China as international students, n = 77, 35.2%) participated in an online study from March 31, 2020 to April 4. Participants completed a newly developed COVID-19 Fear (Higher Education) scale to measure three domains of fear including fear of infection, fear of instability and fear of insecurity related to the COVID-19 pandemic. They also completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) on the severity of anxiety symptoms. About 9.6% of the participants could be classified as exhibiting high anxiety level according to the GAD-7. More students studying overseas (about 15%) were classified into the high GAD group when compared to students studying in both mainland China (6.6%) and Hong Kong (6.1%). MANOVA results showed that students studying in Hong Kong and overseas had more concerns related to preventive measures related to COVID-19 than their mainland counterparts did. We concluded that international students studying away from their home country would have higher risk to develop anxiety problems during a collective trauma such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Education institutions should provide support services including online support groups, social media groups for mutual support to alleviate the fear and anxiety of international students.     

贵阳市高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解贵阳市高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛情况,为高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛方面的医疗卫生服务提供参考依据。 方法 采取单纯随机抽样方法抽出7所公办本科高校,再整群随机抽取部分学院的教师,采用问卷对抽中的教师进行面对面调查。 结果 共调查963名高校教师,检出颈椎慢性疼痛患者360例,颈椎慢性疼痛患病率37.4%。男性患病率为29.9%,女性患病率为42.9%,女性患病率高于男性（〖XC五号.EPSP〗=16.927,P<0.001）。高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛患者的平均疼痛时间3年,女性较男性疼痛时间要长（Z=-2.936,P=0.003）;疼痛最主要类型为酸、胀痛。颈椎疼痛对80%以上的高校教师的日常、睡眠、心情都有轻度以上的影响。多因素分析结果显示,伏案时间（OR=1.247,95%CI:1.035~1.502）和每周运动天数较少:<1天（OR=2.808,95%CI:1.859~4.243）、1~2天（OR=1.750,95%CI:1.207~2.537）、3~4天（OR=1.636,95%CI:1.133~2.363）是高校教师患颈椎慢性疼痛的独立危险因素。 结论 贵阳市高校教师群体颈椎慢性疼痛患病率较高、呈年轻化趋势,疼痛病史较长,女性较男性严重;颈椎慢性疼痛影响患者的睡眠和心情。应关注高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛的防控。     

Premenstrual anxiety and depression: comparison of objective psychological tests with a retrospective questionnaire

Increased anxiety and depression are among the most frequently reported psychological problems in women seeking help for severe symptomatic premenstrual change, but there has been little objective evaluation of these symptoms. We therefore examined the results of objective psychological testing in 40 women with no apparent psychiatric or psychological disorder who had reported moderate to extreme increased anxiety and depression on a retrospective assessment form. Scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Institute of Personality and Ability Testing (IPAT) Depression Scale increased from the low symptom intermenstrual phase of the cycle (days 5-10) to the premenstrual phase (within the last 6 days of the cycle), suggesting that retrospective complaints of increased premenstrual anxiety and depression can be confirmed on objective psychological assessment. However, it was observed that the distribution of intermenstrual IPAT depression scores was bimodal. Cyclic changes varied among the tests depending upon the IPAT depression score. The study suggests that 2 populations may exist in this screened sample; one population appears to have "pure PMS" and the second groups manifests a premenstrual exacerbation of subclinical depression.     

Bromazepam in generalized anxiety

Bromazepam was compared with placebo and with chlorprothixene in a randomized, double-blind group-comparative multicenter trial in general practice. Two hundred and forty-five patients with generalized anxiety disorder (DSM-III 1980) were treated for 2 weeks with two daily doses of bromazepam, 3 mg or chlorprothixene, 15 mg or placebo. Median reductions in Hamilton Anxiety rating were 12 (bromazepam), 10.3 (chlorprothixene) and 7.3 (placebo). The study revealed significant superiority of bromazepam over placebo (median differences 3.3, 95% confidence limits: 0.3 and 6.1) but not over chlorprothixene (median difference 1.4, 95% confidence limits –0.8 and +3.5). Significantly higher rates of tiredness, sedation and hypersomnia were found on bromazepam and chlorprothixene compared to placebo. Tolerance was rated as at least good in 85.6% on bromazepam, in 86% on chlorprothixene and in 87.8% on placebo. Neither previous psychopharmacological treatment nor presence of psychosocial stress were of perceptible influence. Bromazepam and chlorprothixene are both superior to placebo in generalized anxiety states treated in general practice, but spontaneous improvements/placebo effects are substantial.General practice The following general practitioners are gratefully acknowledged for their excellent co-operation: K. Andreasen (Grenaa), T. Andreasen (Helsingoer), C. Bjerre-Christensen (Viby J), J. Brix (Aabenraa), N.B. Caning (Stokkemarke), N. Christensen (Odense), P. Dehn-Jensen (Lyngby), J. Eggert (Langebaek), H. Fuglsang-Damgaard (Havndal), I. Fraemohs (Allingaabro), J. Gylling (Nykoebing Sjaelland), E. Halkjaer-Soerensen (Roedding), B. Hansson (Frederiksvaerk), C. Hauge (Espergaerde), S. Hede (Aalborg), G. Jensen (Copenhagen S), T. Knudsen (Arden), P. Kofod (Vejle), K. Kraen (Varde), V. Lade (Hjoerring), S. Mehlsen (Auning), J. Meyer-Christensen (Hobro), R. Michael (Langebaek), J. Munch (Oersted), L. Moeller-Hansen (Alleroed), U. Moeller (Graasten), K. Nielsen (Malling), S. Kjaerem Nielsen (Copenhagen), P.V. Nielsen (Odense), J. Peulicke (Espergaerde), O. Ravn (Roedding), C.U. Rosenberg (Aarhus), J. Rude (Goerlev), S. Spangsberg (Holbaek), H. Soegaard (Oelgod), O. Tang (Hoersholm)     

在校大学生艾滋病认知状况的调查研究

目的：了解高校大学生对艾滋病的认知状况,以便为制定有针对性的健康教育和综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法：采用现场不记名方式于2000年11月对西安五所高校大学生进行了问卷调查,用EpiInfo5.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果：70．5％的被调查者清楚艾滋病的全称。49．1％的人能正确回答艾滋病的三种主要传播途径,25．6％的人还认为蚊虫叮咬可传播艾滋病,对此知识的掌握年龄大者,已婚者,受教育程度高的和医学生掌握程度优于年龄小的,未婚者,教育程度低的和非医学生。结论：高校大学生对艾滋病有关知识了解甚少,他们又处在感染的高危人群,这种低知识水平的现状,与我国面临的艾滋病流行趋势极不适应,提示令后艾滋病知识的健康教育应在大学生尤其应在低年级学生中加强。