Neighborhood-Level Factors Associated with Physical Dating Violence Perpetration: Results of a Representative Survey Conducted in Boston, MA

Neighborhood-level characteristics have been found to be associated with different forms of interpersonal violence, but studies of the relationship between these characteristics and adolescent dating violence are limited. We examined 6 neighborhood-level factors in relation to adolescent physical dating violence perpetration using both adolescent and adult assessments of neighborhood characteristics, each of which was aggregated across respondents to the neighborhood level. Data came from an in-school survey of 1,530 public high school students and a random-digit-dial telephone survey of 1,710 adult residents of 38 neighborhoods in Boston. Approximately 14.3% of the youth sample reported one or more acts of physical aggression toward a dating partner in the month preceding the survey. We calculated the odds of past-month physical dating violence by each neighborhood-level factor, adjusting for school clustering, gender, race, and nativity. In our first 6 models, we used the adolescent assessment of neighborhood factors and then repeated our procedures using the adult assessment data. Using the adolescent assessment data, lower collective efficacy (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.09–3.52), lower social control (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.07–3.43), and neighborhood disorder (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05–1.35) were each associated with increased likelihood of physical dating violence perpetration. However, when we used the adult version of the neighborhood assessment data, no neighborhood factor predicted dating violence. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.     

自我概念和个体自尊、集体自尊对大学生主观幸福感的影响

目的:探讨大学生自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊和主观幸福感的关系。方法:采用幸福感指数量表、自我概念量表、个体自尊量表、集体自尊量表对233名大学生进行测查。结果:①大学生的来源影响着主观幸福感,来自于城市的大学生比来自于农村的大学生体验到较高的生活满意度(P<0.01)。②自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊和主观幸福感相关显著(P<0.01)。③自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊对主观幸福感预测作用显著(P<0.001)。结论:自我概念、个体自尊、集体自尊是大学生主观幸福感的重要预测因素。     

呼吸功能不全综合实验改革的探索

目的:为了探索如何在一次教学实验中将生理学、病理生理学和药理学三个机能学科的实验有机地结合起来, 形成综合性实验以培养学生的综合思维和实验研究能力。方法:在病理生理学的呼吸功能不全实验的基础上, 增加了呼吸的生理调节和不同类型的呼吸衰竭采用不同的针对性药物治疗, 并且采用启发式教学方法。结果:学生学习兴趣明显提高, 学生不仅学到了更多的研究方法, 而且综合分析和科研创新能力都有明显提高。结论:这种改进明显提高了实验课的教学水平和教学质量。     

大学生集体自尊量表的修订

目的修订适合中国大学生的集体自尊量袁。方法对420名大学生进行集体自尊量表的施测,然后进行项目区分度、量表信度、效度的检验。结果集体自尊量表项目区分度良好;总量表和分量表的克隆巴赫一致性系数在在0．69～0．84之间;因素分析结果表明,量表的4个维度可解释总方差的56．89％,各维度因子载荷在0．431～0．758之间．结构效度良好。结论集体自尊量表有较好信度和效度,适合于调查中国大学生的集体自尊情况。     

Willingness to Attend Sex Venues in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City: Results from an Online Survey with Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals

Collective sex venues (places where people have sex in groups or in the presence of others, such as bathhouses or sex clubs) are locations where SARS-CoV-2 transmission is likely to occur. We conducted an online survey to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among 342 sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals who had attended collective sex venues (CSV) in New York City (NYC) in the prior year. Almost 1 in 10 (9.9%) participants reported having received a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 infection or antibodies. Although a minority (27.5%) of participants reported being comfortable attending a CSV during the COVID-19 pandemic, multivariable ordinal logistic regression found that willingness was higher among participants who had taken the survey later in the pandemic (aOR = 2.90, CI_95% 1.90 to 4.43), who attended CSV at higher frequencies (aOR = 1.94, CI_95% 1.26 to 2.99), who used substances at CSV (aOR = 1.98, CI_95% 1.22 to 3.23), and who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection or antibodies (aOR = 2.27, CI_95% 1.17 to 4.39). In open survey answers, participants described reasons for or against attending CSV during the pandemic, as well as risk reduction strategies that would make them more comfortable attending (e.g., screening for test results, doing temperature checks, holding outdoor events, or restricting events to lower risk sexual practices). SGM individuals who attend CSV might be at increased risk for COVID-19. Public health officials should provide CSV organizers and attendees with guidelines on how to prevent or minimize transmission risk in the context of pandemics such as COVID-19.     

Epithelial Paradox: Clinical Significance of Coexpression of E-cadherin and Vimentin With Regard to Invasion and Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Background

E-cadherin and vimentin are regarded as major conventional canonical markers of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. It is commonly assumed that E-cadherin is uniformly lost during the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Breast tumor cells typically invade as a cohesive multicellular unit in a process called collective invasion. The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical importance of the expression pattern of E-cadherin and vimentin in breast cancer.

丈夫参加孕期课堂集体性教育对孕妇孕期运动依从性及体重的影响

目的 探讨丈夫参加孕期课堂集体性教育对孕妇孕期运动依从性及体重的影响.方法 2013年8月-2015年9月选择在解放军第309医院进行建档分娩的孕妇280例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各140例,观察组要求夫妻双方参加孕期课堂集体性教育活动,对照组只有孕妇单方参与课堂集体性教育活动,两组均进行常规护理.结果 观察组与对照组的孕期体重增加值分别为14.87±4.12 kg和14.92±3.89 kg(t=0.198,P>0.05).观察组与对照组的孕期运动依从性分别为95.7%和80.0%,观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05).观察组的第3产程明显少于对照组(P<0.05).观察组新生儿1 min与5 min Apgar评分分别为9.04±0.66分和9.97±0.44分,而对照组分别为8.24±0.49分和9.42±0.42分(P<0.05).结论 丈夫参加孕期课堂集体性教育能在保持孕妇体重合理增长的基础上,提高孕期运动依从性,促进分娩的顺利进行,改善新生儿的预后,有很好的应用价值.     

‘The anatomy lesson of Dr. Frederik Ruysch’ of 1683, a milestone in knowledge about obstetrics

‘The anatomy lesson of Dr. Frederik Ruysch’ (1683) belongs to the famous collection of group portraits of the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons. In this painting, Ruysch is portrayed with a dissected corpse of a newborn, which was still attached to its placenta. Several guild officials as well as his son, who is holding a skeleton of an infant, are surrounding him. Dissection of a child instead of an executed criminal was very uncommon at that time. We therefore investigated the medical background of the painting, with the question why Ruysch was depicted with these obstetrical subjects. To this end, the contents of Ruysch's original works and his over 300-year-old anatomical specimens in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) in St. Petersburg were studied and described in the context of the painting. Major contributions to anatomical knowledge and to human development should be attributed to Ruysch, and these provided the essentials of the composition depicted in this painting.     

模糊数学法在影像电子学教师说课评价中的应用

本文采用模糊数学法对影像电子学教师说课进行了综合评价,结果表明,影像电子学教师的说课的综合评定级别为良,该方法能客观公正的做出评价结论。     

The empirical testability of Skog's theory of collective drinking behaviour

The objectives of this study were (1) to review systematically Skog's theory of collective drinking behaviour and its interpretations by alcohol researchers, and (2) to give examples of how Skog's theory and these different interpretations have been empirically tested and to indicate how they might be tested. Based on a computer-aided search of the literature, a reconstruction of the theory and possible alternative interpretations is provided. Different interpretations of Skog's theory are possible and can be found in the literature. Surprisingly,there is little empirical evidence, especially recent evidence, to support Skog's key assumptions. Suggestions for further research are given. [Gmel G, Rehm J. The empirical testability of Skog's theory of collective drinking behaviour. Drug Alcohol Rev 2000;19:391-399]