The Two-Part Film Technique: Empowering Dissociative Clients to Alter Cognitive Distortions and Maladaptive Behaviors

ABSTRACT

This paper describes and illustrates the two-part film (TPF) technique, an intervention characteristic of the Collective Heart model (Krakauer, 2001), a phase-oriented approach to treating dissociative disorders. Emphasis is on the technique's value in interdicting maladaptive interpersonal and intrapersonal patterns which perpetuate depression, anxiety, dissociation, and self-defeating behaviors. The approach is compared with similar internal screen techniques appearing in the hypnotic literature, and distinctive features of the TPF are noted. These include the minimally directive role of the therapist, reliance on the inner wisdom of the client, present and future orientation, and amplification of desired affective and somatic experiences. A verbatim clinical illustration is presented and discussed, with emphasis on the empowering impact of the TPF.     

La psychopathologie nous aide-t-elle à penser les théories du complot ? Trois modèles cliniques d’un imaginaire collectif

ObjectivesConspiracy theories appear today as a specific collective imaginary. Belief in conspiracy theories seems to have clearly increased during the last decades, partly due to their elaboration and diffusion via social media. A lot of empirical research about conspiracy theories are designed in social and cognitive psychology, but only a few studies adopt a clinical point of view. One reason is that such a clinical approach carries the risk of abusively applying some psychopathological notions to a wide range of the general population, and to a social – and not only individual – construct. This paper aims to promote a psychodynamic approach to conspiracy theories. We argue that this approach allows to studying them as subjective and collective constructs, leaving aside any attempt to make a diagnosis on people believing in conspiracy theories, and any dichotomy between the normal and the pathological.Materials and methodsWe discuss three clinical ways to represent the psychological functions of conspiracy theories: paranoid ideation, perverse uses, and reaction to traumatic events. As a matter of fact, these clinical notions are often explicitly referred to, or implicitly implied, when psychological motives or functions of belief in conspiracy theories are discussed. We seek to point out the implications of these three clinical notions and their ability to shed light on conspiracy theories. This leads to discuss their relevance for a differential clinic of the belief in conspiracy theories, allowing to identify the various dimensions of conspiracy theories, and of their subjective uses and functions.ResultsThrough a psychodynamic understanding of clinical entities, conspiracy theories can be studied as both subjective and collective constructs. In this way, we argue that a psychodynamic approach can avoid the risk of a diagnostical and pathological use of clinical concepts stemming from a binary distribution between the normal and the pathological. It rather leads to question along a continuum the various dimensions of conspiracy theories and of the belief in their content.ConclusionsThe phenomenon of conspiracy theories seems to emerge from a wide range of heterogeneous and distinctive constructs, uses and attitudes. Belief in conspiracy theories can provide several kinds of psychological benefits, implying various subjective functions and psychic mechanisms. Moreover, in terms of psychological attitudes, we have to clearly distinguish different phenomena: some spontaneous and collective elaborations of conspiracy theories, belief in conspiracy theories, the process of their diffusion, and their political, social and psychological intentional uses. These heterogeneous dimensions raise the risk of undermining any study of this phenomenon considering it as a unidimensional and a unified construct. In this way, we argue that a differential clinic of this conspiracy phenomenon is a methodological need, prior to the design of empirical clinical studies and to the reflection about preventive actions.     

Music therapists’ job satisfaction,collective self-esteem,and burnout

General references show that the type of professional identity known as collective self-esteem could be an important factor in professionals’ job satisfaction and burnout. However, little attention has been paid to identifying the interactions of these three variables in music therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between music therapists’ job satisfaction, collective self-esteem, and burnout. Specifically, this paper emphasizes the role of collective self-esteem as a mediator between music therapists’ job satisfaction and burnout. Ninety professional music therapists in Korea participated in this study. The Korean Music Therapists’ Job Satisfaction Scale, the Collective Self-Esteem Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure music therapists’ job satisfaction, collective self-esteem, and burnout, respectively.     

"随机抽查集体评片"在放射科胶片图像质量管理中的应用

目的：探讨“随机抽查集体评片”的方法，在科内引入竞争机制，定期进行胶片图像质量评比，以提高胶片图像质量。方法：抽取每位投照技师一定数量照片，遮盖投照日期、X线号等可辨认标志，集体阅片对每张胶片图像质量进行评比打分。将评比结果与当月效益工资直接挂钩。抽查400份胶片，对比实行评比制度前、后的胶片图像质量。结果：实行该评片制度后的胶片甲级片率从原来的30．5％上升至49％，丙级片率从原来的21．5％下降至6．5％，胶片图像质量明显提高。结论：引入“随机抽查集体评片”制度竞争机制，能督促投照技师重视照片质量，是一种行之有效的胶片图像质量管理方法。     

Body Dissatisfaction,Perceptions of Competence,and Lesson Content in Physical Education

BACKGROUND

Significant proportions of young people experience body dissatisfaction, which has implications for psychological and physical well‐being. Lesson content and perceived competence may be important variables for the experience of body dissatisfaction, yet these have been underexplored in physical education. The aim of this cross‐sectional study is to identify the relationships between body dissatisfaction and perceptions of competence, and to explore whether body dissatisfaction depends on lesson content.

METHODS

A paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire was completed by 446 (210 boys, 236 girls) 13‐ to 14‐year‐old pupils from 37 physical education classes. The questionnaire assessed body dissatisfaction and perceived competence in physical education. Lesson content was also recorded. Twenty‐nine of the classes were engaged in team activities, eg, ball games. Eight classes were engaged in individual activities, eg, fitness.

RESULTS

Multilevel analysis identified a significant negative association between body dissatisfaction and perceptions of competence in physical education. Lesson content did not significantly predict variations in body dissatisfaction scores.

CONCLUSIONS

Teachers should focus on enhancing pupils' perceptions of competence in physical education to support the development of body satisfaction.

     

Chaos, co-existence, and the potential for collective action: HIV-related vulnerability in Brazil's international borders

In a country where quality HIV/AIDS prevention and care has been foremost on the national agenda, Brazil's extensive and diverse borders are one of the last unstudied potential hotbeds of HIV vulnerability. We carried out a rapid assessment of HIV-related services and the social context of HIV/AIDS at the Brazilian borders including current governmental and community response. The assessment was implemented in six frontier municipalities using the WHO's strategic approach methodology, which combines existing epidemiologic data with field-based qualitative data collection techniques, including observation of service delivery points and in-depth interviews and focus groups with local leaders, providers, and community members, in order to recommend context-specific HIV prevention strategies. This paper focuses on the qualitative findings regarding the role of the social context in shaping HIV vulnerability at the Brazilian borders. We documented a profound lack of governmental structure and response to HIV/AIDS at the borders as well as a notable absence of social cohesion and mobilization among the diverse population groups and communities situated at the borders with regard to HIV/AIDS. The weak governmental and community response is situated within a larger socio-political context of economic inequity and social division, which must be addressed if an effective response to HIV can be developed at Brazil's international borders. Possibilities for encouraging a collective response among the diverse border populations are explored.     

Bargaining for health: A case study of a collective agreement-based health program for manual workers

This paper examines the short- and medium-term effects of the PensionDanmark Health Scheme, the largest privately administered health program for workers in Denmark, which provides prevention and early management of work-related injuries. We use a difference-in-differences approach that exploits a natural variation in the program rollout across collective agreement areas in the construction sector and over time. The results show only little evidence of an effect on the prevention of injuries requiring medical attention in the first 3 years after the program was introduced. Despite this, we find evidence of significant positive effects on several labor market outcomes, suggesting that the program enables some work-injured individuals to maintain their work and earnings capacity. In view of its low costs, the program appears to be cost-effective overall.     

乌鲁木齐市学龄前集体儿童健康状况调查

目的:通过对乌鲁木齐市学龄前集体儿童健康状况调查,了解和评定乌鲁木齐市学龄前集体儿童生长发育状况,探讨存在的问题并提出干预措施,以提高儿童健康水平。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法从乌鲁木齐市所属9个区中随机抽取3个区的9所幼儿园中1483名3～6岁儿童,测量体重和身高,检测龋齿患病情况及血红蛋白含量,并采用统计学方法分析乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童体重、身高的均值与2005年我国9城市比较。结果:乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童中所有年龄组男、女童体重、身高测定值均为男童大于女童,且均高于2005年9城市标准。营养不良、贫血、肥胖及龋齿的患病率分别为0.9%、6.1%、9.6%及40.6%,不同年龄龋齿患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乌鲁木齐市学龄前集体儿童体格发育良好,肥胖患病率高于其他城市,应加强健康教育,严格按照疾病的防治常规制订防范措施,做到早期预防和早期发现,综合防范,群防群治,减少疾病的患病率,提高儿童健康水平。     

昆明市2002年至2007年7岁以下集体儿童肥胖检出的变化趋势分析

目的了解昆明市学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖发生的变化趋势,提出干预措施.方法分析2002年至2007年昆明市7岁以下儿童体格检查统计表.结果昆明市集体儿童2002年肥胖发生率为1.54%,2007年肥胖发生率为1.92%,2007年与2002年肥胖检出率相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,肥胖以轻度肥胖为主,以5～6岁肥胖发生最多.结论我市学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖发生率略低于全国,但6 a间肥胖检出率上升了24.68%.     

Participatory citizenship: Critical perspectives on client-centred occupational therapy

Abstract

Background/aims: This article aims to discuss client-centred practice, the current dominant approach within occupational therapy, in relation to participatory citizenship. Occupational therapists work within structures and policies that set boundaries on their engagement with clients, while working with complex, multidimensional social realities. Methods: The authors present a critical discussion shaped by their research, including a survey, discussions at workshops at international conferences, and critical engagement with the literature on occupational therapy, occupation, and citizenship. Conclusion: A focus on citizenship suggests reframing professional development based on the participation in public life of people as citizens of their society. While occupational therapists often refer to clients in the context of communities, groups, families, and wider society, the term client-centred practice typically represents a particular view of the individual and may sometimes be too limited in application for a more systemic and societal approach. Significance: The authors question the individual focus which has, until recently, been typical of client-centred occupational therapy. Placing citizenship at the core of intervention is a transformative process that assumes all people are citizens and conceives of health as a collective issue, influencing the way we educate, do research, and practise.