Distribution of axons exhibiting both enkephalin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivities in the lumbar cord segments: an immunohistochemical study in the cat

Axons exhibiting both enkephalin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivities were observed by the double immunofluorescence method in the lumbar cord segments of the cat. Double-labeled axons were seen most frequently in laminae I. IIa and the lateral part of lamina V. They were also distributed in other parts of the dorsal horn and lamina X (especially in the dorsal part), but rarely found in laminae VII, VIII and IX. After cervical hemicordotomy the vast majority of double-labeled axons disappeared from the spinal gray ipsilateral to the lesion.     

Presence of sex difference of cytochrome P-450 in the rat preoptic area and hypothalamus with reference to coexistence with oxytocin

Localization of female type cytochrome P-450 (F1) in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of the rat was examined immunocytochemically using antiserum against purified hepatic P-450 (F1). This antiserum recognizes both P-450 (F1) and P-450 (M3). Western immunoblotting using the antiserum demonstrated that female rat brain contains P-450 (F1) but not P-450 (M3), since microsomes from the brain and liver displayed only one immunoreactive band at 50 kD, coinciding with that of P-450 (F1) purified from female rat liver. On the other hand, the male brain has P-450 (M3) but not P-450 (F1), as liver- and brain-derived microsomes produced single band at 49 kD, which represents a mol. wt. identical to that of P-450 (M3) extracted from male rat liver. These results indicate that P-450 (F1)-like immunoreactivity (LI) occurs in the female rat brain, while P-450 (M3)-LI takes place in the male rat brain. Immunocytochemical analysis further demonstrated the detailed cellular localization of these two P-450-LIs in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of female and male rats. Localization of P-450 (F1)-LI in the female rat hypothalamus resembled that of P-450 (M3)-LI in the male rat hypothalamus. Magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus were labeled and were found to contain oxytocin but lack vasopressin when serial sections of these areas were analyzed. In addition, groups of immunoreactive cells were seen in the median preoptic nucleus, medial and lateral preoptic area, caudal portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral hypothalamus at the level of the paraventricular nucleus, periventricular zone from the preoptic area to the paraventricular nucleus, and parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus.     

Immunohistochemical evidence of the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the same neurons of the guinea pig hypothalamus and preoptic area

Estrogen and progesterone interact in the regulation of various brain functions including mechanisms controlling gonadotropin secretion and female sexual behavior. Various methods have been used to map the regions where these hormones act and where specific receptors can be detected. However, it remains unknown if both steroids act on the same neuron or if there are neural populations responding to either one or the other of these hormones. To answer this question, we used various immunocytochemical procedures to detect estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER-IR and PR-IR) on the same histological section, taking advantage of the fact that anti-ER monoclonal antibodies were raised from rats whereas anti-PR monoclonal antibodies were raised from mice. Initial experiments showed that the number of cells displaying ER and PR immunoreactivity changed with hormonal treatment. Prolonged treatment of ovariectomized guinea pigs with high doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) (10 or 15 μg/day for 4 or 6 days) increased the number of PR-positive cells in the preoptic area and the hypothalamus. Inversely, with this estrogen priming regimen the number of ER-positive cells decreased, as did the immunostaining intensity in their nuclei. With a lower dose of estrogen administered for a shorter period (2-μg dose of EB for 2 days) the two receptor populations could be easily observed. Under these hormonal conditions, the sequential procedure revealed that the vast majority of cells containing ER-IR in the preoptic area (nucleus preopticus periventricularis, medialis) and the mediobasal hypothalamus (nucleus periventricularis, arcuatus, ventrolateral part of nucleus ventromedialis and premamillaris) showed PR immunoreactivity. This was true regardless of the order in which dual immunocytochemical staining was performed. There were, however, a few ER-positive/PR-negative cells in these regions. However, only ER-positive neurons were found in the n.interstitialis stria terminalis, the n.amygdaloideus medialis and the n.supraopticus. Thus, in guinea pigs receiving moderate doses of estrogen, all PR-positive cells contain ER-IR whereas there is a population of ER-positive cells which are devoid of PR-IR.     

Investigation into the duality of gonadotropic cells of Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerilii,Risso 1810): immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies

Two antisera against the follicle-stimulating hormone-like gonadotropin (FSH) of Mediterranean (M.) yellowtail, anti-My FSHa and anti-My FSHb, were obtained. Anti-My FSHa serum specifically recognized FSH cells and did not react with any other pituitary cell type, while anti-My FSHb serum recognized the alpha-subunit of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones and immunostained FSH, luteinizing hormone-like gonadotropin (LH), and thyrotropin (TSH) cells. Anti-My FSHa serum, together with a previously obtained anti-My LHbeta serum, were used to further investigate the duality of gonadotropic cells in M. yellowtail by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry; three immunologically different gonadotropic cell populations expressing FSH, LH, or both hormones, were revealed. The three cell populations had the same regional distribution in the pituitary gland: the proximal pars distalis, including the thin ring surrounding the pars intermedia. However, while FSH cells were found isolated or forming small clusters, LH cells formed strands or compact groups, and were more numerous than FSH cells. FSH/LH cells were scarce. At the ultrastructural level, vesicular, granular, and intermediate FSH, LH, and FSH/LH cells were found; secretory granules and globules, on the one hand, or conspicuous dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (or both) predominated, respectively, in these cell types. The production of either FSH or LH, or both hormones, was not reflected in the ultrastructural features of gonadotropic cells. Thus, a single morphological cell type of varying ultrastructure depending on the functional stage seemed to encompass all gonadotropic cells in M. yellowtail. All forms of FSH, LH, and FSH/LH cells were found in involution.     

Possible coexistence of amino acid (γ-aminobutyric acid), amine (dopamine) and peptide (substance P); neurons containing immunoreactivities for glutamic acid decarboxylase,tyrosine hydroxylase and substance P in the hamster main olfactory bulb

Summary The coexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and substance P (SP) was revealed in the hamster main olfactory bulb, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Adjacent 40 m thick Vibratome sections were incubated in different antisera and those cells which were bisected by the plane of sectioning were identified at the paired surfaces of two consecutive sections. The coexistence of the immunoreactivities for 1) TH and GAD, 2) TH and SP and 3) GAD and SP in the same cells could thus be determined by observing the immunoreactivity of the two halves of the cell incubated in two different antisera. About 70% of TH-like immunoreactive (TH-LI) neurons in the periglomerular region also contained GAD-like immunoreactivity, whereas about 45% of GAD-LI ones were also TH-like immunoreactive. Furthermore, almost all (more than 95%) of SP-LI neurons contained both GAD-like and TH-like immunoreactivities. These observations indicate that in the periglomerular region of the hamster main olfactory bulb, some neurons (about 9% of all neurons containing TH-like and/or GAD-like immunoreactivities) may contain three different categories of neuroactive substances, that is, amino acid (GABA), amine (dopamine) and peptide (SP).     

大鼠生后发育期间胰岛内胰岛淀粉样多肽与胰岛素共存的形态计量学研究

用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法，在相邻切片上分别显示生后不同时间大鼠胰岛内胰岛淀粉样多肽免疫反应（ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ）细胞和胰岛素免疫反应（Ｉｎｓ－ＩＲ）细胞，对胰岛内ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ和Ｉｎｓ－ＩＲ细胞的数密度（Ｎｖ）进行了形态计量学研究。结果表明，ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞的Ｎｖ在生后１ｄ较低，以后逐渐升高，至１８ｄ时出现高峰，以后渐降低，４５ｄ后趋于稳定。Ｉｎｓ－ＩＲ细胞的Ｎｖ始终较ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞的Ｎｖ低，但两     

Dopaminergic cells in the caudal A13 cell group express somatostatin-like immunoreactivity

Summary The caudal extension of the hypothalamic A13 dopamine cell group (A13c) was studied in the rat brain with immunohistochemical techniques using antibodies raised against the dopamine synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). Adjacent sections revealed that the TH- and AADC-staining patterns exhibited a clear overlap with that for somatostatin (SOM). Employing a double-labelling method with SOM- and AADC-antisera and subsequent elution and restaining of the same section with TH-antiserum, it was found that all immunoreactivities occurred in the same cell bodies. This study gives the first evidence for the presence of SOM-immunoreactivity in dopamine neurons.     

Wilson's disease coexisting with viral hepatitis type C: a case report with histological and ultrastructural studies of the liver

Histopathological and ultrastructural findings in the liver of a female patient who suffered from Wilson's disease (WD) and viral hepatitis type C (HCV) are reported. Light and electron microscopy examinations demonstrated a variety of morphological alterations-many of them frequently seen in livers of patients with WD and others that can be found in cases presenting HCV infection. The influence of coexistence of these two diseases on morphological changes is discussed.     

High prevalence of parkinsonism in patients with MCI or mild Alzheimer's disease

Introduction

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of the coexistence of parkinsonism in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Differential effect of functional olfactory deprivation on the GABAergic and catecholaminergic traits in the rat main olfactory bulb

The effects of the unilateral olfactory naris closure were studied immunohistochemically in the main olfactory bulb of adult rats. In the olfactory deprived bulbs, the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive elements in the glomeruli and the juxtaglomerular region decreased drastically, whereas the glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive elements in these regions showed no appreciable changes, indicating the differential effects of olfactory deprivation on catecholaminergic and GABAergic traits in spite of their coexistence in some neurons in these regions.