北方汉族人Tanaka-Johnston预测方程研究

目的分析北方汉族青少年下颌切牙总宽度与尖牙、双尖牙总宽度之间的相关性,探寻适合目标人群的Tanaka-Johnston预测方程。方法从就诊于首都医科大学口腔医学院正畸科的病例中选取记存模型127副。研究下颌切牙总宽度与尖牙、双尖牙总宽度之间的相关性,建立北方汉族人的Tanaka-Johnston预测方程,并评价不同预测方程的准确性。结果男性组下颌切牙总宽度与上、下颌尖牙双尖牙总宽度之间相关系数r为0.71、0.77,女性组r为0.50、0.56。除本研究得出的方程外,其他预测方程普遍存在低估倾向。男性组实测值与预测值之差小于1mm的以北方汉族人方程上颌84%、下颌88%为最高;女性组以成都汉族人方程上颌74%,下颌81%为最高。结论与女性相比,男性下颌切牙总宽度与尖牙、双尖牙总宽度存在较强的正相关关系。预测准确度最高的方程分别为:男性上颌Y=11.8+0.5X,下颌Y=10.9+0.5X;女性上颌Y=11.1+0.5X,下颌Y=10.0+0.5X。     

The dimensionality of between‐person differences in white matter microstructure in old age

Between‐person differences in white matter microstructure may partly generalize across the brain and partly play out differently for distinct tracts. We used diffusion‐tensor imaging and structural equation modeling to investigate this issue in a sample of 260 adults aged 60–87 years. Mean fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of seven white matter tracts in each hemisphere were quantified. Results showed good fit of a model positing that individual differences in white matter microstructure are structured according to tracts. A general factor, although accounting for variance in the measures, did not adequately represent the individual differences. This indicates the presence of a substantial amount of tract‐specific individual differences in white matter microstructure. In addition, individual differences are to a varying degree shared between tracts, indicating that general factors also affect white matter microstructure. Age‐related differences in white matter microstructure were present for all tracts. Correlations among tract factors did not generally increase as a function of age, suggesting that aging is not a process with homogenous effects on white matter microstructure across the brain. These findings highlight the need for future research to examine whether relations between white matter microstructure and diverse outcomes are specific or general. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The relationships between asthma control,daytime sleepiness,and quality of life among children with asthma: a path analysis

ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the relationships between asthma control, daytime sleepiness, and asthma-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among children with asthma. Path analyses were conducted to test if daytime sleepiness can mediate the effect of asthma control status on asthma-specific HRQOL.Methods160 dyads (pairs) of asthmatic children and their parents were collected for analyses. The Asthma Control and Communication Instrument (ACCI) was used to categorize adequate and poor asthma control status. The Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ) was used to measure children’s daytime sleepiness, including sleep in school, awake in school, sleep in evening, and sleep during transport. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Asthma Impact Scale was used to measure asthma-specific HRQOL.ResultsPoorly controlled asthma was associated with daytime sleepiness and impaired asthma-specific HRQOL. Asthma control status was directly associated with asthma-specific HRQOL (P < .05), whereas sleep in school and sleep in evening domains of daytime sleepiness significantly mediated the relationship between poor asthma control and impaired HRQOL (P < .01).ConclusionsAsthma control status was associated with pediatric asthma-specific HRQOL, and the association was significantly mediated by daytime sleepiness. Healthcare providers need to address pediatric sleep needs related to poor asthma control to reduce the negative impact on HRQOL.     

Multiaxial mechanical response and constitutive modeling of esophageal tissues: Impact on esophageal tissue engineering

Congenital defects of the esophagus are relatively frequent, with 1 out of 2500 babies suffering from such a defect. A new method of treatment by implanting tissue engineered esophagi into newborns is currently being developed and tested using ovine esophagi. For the reconstruction of the biological function of native tissues with engineered esophagi, their cellular structure as well as their mechanical properties must be considered. Since very limited mechanical and structural data for the esophagus are available, the aim of this study was to investigate the multiaxial mechanical behavior of the ovine esophagus and the underlying microstructure. Therefore, uniaxial tensile, biaxial tensile and extension-inflation tests on esophagi were performed. The underlying microstructure was examined in stained histological sections through standard optical microscopy techniques. Moreover, the uniaxial ultimate tensile strength and residual deformations of the tissue were determined. Both the mucosa-submucosa and the muscle layers showed nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical behavior during uniaxial, biaxial and inflation testing. Cyclical inflation of the intact esophageal tube caused marked softening of the passive esophagi in the circumferential direction. The rupture strength of the mucosa-submucosa layer was much higher than that of the muscle layer. Overall, the ovine esophagus showed a heterogeneous and anisotropic behavior with different mechanical properties for the individual layers. The intact and layer-specific multiaxial properties were characterized using a well-known three-dimensional microstructurally based strain-energy function. This novel and complete set of data serves the basis for a better understanding of tissue remodeling in diseased esophagi and can be used to perform computer simulations of surgical interventions or medical-device applications.     

Delay structure of wideband noises with application to filtering problems

The paper presents a mathematical theory of handling and working with wideband noises. We demonstrate that a wideband noise can be represented as a distributed delay of a white noise. From this, we deduce that the behavior of a wideband noise is the same as the behavior of an infinite dimensional colored noise along the boundary line. All these are used to deduce a complete set of formulae for the Kalman‐type optimal filter and also to derive nonlinear filtering equation for wideband‐noise‐driven linear and nonlinear systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

糖代谢异常患者肾功能状态对冠脉病变程度的影响

目的探讨糖代谢异常人群中估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）对冠脉病变范围及严重程度的影响。方法采用简化的肾脏疾病饮食改良公式（MDRD）计算eGFR,比较不同MDRD-eGFR组在临床生化指标、狭窄冠状动脉支数、冠状动脉狭窄严重程度积分等方面的差别。结果糖调节受损组、糖尿病组及总体人群中,狭窄冠脉支数、Gensini积分与MDRD—eGFR均呈负相关性（P〈0．05）,与肌酐均呈正相关性（P〈0．05）。MDRD-eGFR〈60mL·mm-1·（1．73m2）-1 组狭窄冠脉支数多于60～89mL·min-1·（1．73m2）-1组及≥90mL·min。-1·（1．73m2）-1组,Gemini积分也高于其余两组（均P〈0．05）。校正年龄、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐及尿酸因素后,狭窄冠脉支数、Gensini积分与MDRD—eGFR之间均呈负相关性,偏相关系数分别为-0．051和-0．022（P〈0．05）。Logistic逐步回归分析显示MDRD—eGFR为发生3支及以上冠脉病变的独立危险因素。结论糖代谢异常人群具有较高的冠心病患病率,肾小球滤过率的下降与冠脉病变程度具有一定的负相关性,且为发生多支冠脉病变（≥3支）的独立危险因素。     

Implication of CKD-EPI Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chinese Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the applicability of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Chinese patients of different stages of CKD. Methods: The CKD-EPI equation estimated GFR (eGFR) was compared with body surface area standardized GFR (sGFR), which was measured by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal dynamic imaging method in 142 CKD cases. Results: eGFR was positively correlated with sGFR (r = 0.838, p < 0.001). eGFR of 15%, 30%, and 50% accuracy were 31.0%, 57.7%, and 76.8%, respectively. Average deviation of eGFR from sGFR was ?0.92 ± 16.36 mL/min/1.73 m² (p = 0.506). There was no significant deviation in the CKD from stages 2 to 5. However, in CKD stage 1, the deviation was increased with the value of 13.36 ± 18.44 mL/min/1.73 m² (p = 0.023). Conclusion: CKD-EPI equation might be widely used in evaluation of Chinese CKD patients of different stages, with a less deviation and higher accuracy. However, in CKD stage 1, eGFR was higher than sGFR on average. It was suggested that eGFR might be overcorrected or overestimated. These results demonstrated that careful modification of CKD-EPI equation would be necessary in Chinese populations with CKD.     

DSM-IV personality disorders and associations with externalizing and internalizing disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Background

Although associations between personality disorders and psychiatric disorders are well established in general population studies, their association with liability dimensions for externalizing and internalizing disorders has not been fully assessed. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between personality disorders (PDs) and lifetime externalizing and internalizing Axis I disorders.

Methods

Data were obtained from the total sample of 34,653 respondents from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Drawing on the literature, a 3-factor exploratory structural equation model was selected to simultaneously assess the measurement relations among DSM-IV Axis I substance use and mood and anxiety disorders and the structural relations between the latent internalizing–externalizing dimensions and DSM-IV PDs, adjusting for gender, age, race/ethnicity, and marital status.

Results

Antisocial, histrionic, and borderline PDs were strong predictors for the externalizing factor, while schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive PDs had significantly larger effects on the internalizing fear factor when compared to the internalizing misery factor. Paranoid, schizoid, narcissistic, and dependent PDs provided limited discrimination between and among the three factors. An overarching latent factor representing general personality dysfunction was significantly greater on the internalizing fear factor followed by the externalizing factor, and weakest for the internalizing misery factor.

Conclusion

Personality disorders offer important opportunities for studies on the externalizing–internalizing spectrum of common psychiatric disorders. Future studies based on panic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms may elucidate PD associations with the internalizing spectrum of disorders.     

Maximum principle for optimal control of anticipated forward–backward stochastic differential delayed systems with regime switching

This paper is concerned with a Pontryagin maximum principle for optimal control problem of stochastic system, which is described by an anticipated forward–backward stochastic differential delayed equation and modulated by a continuous‐time finite‐state Markov chain. We establish a necessary maximum principle and sufficient verification theorem for the optimal control by virtue of the duality method and convex analysis. To illustrate the theoretical results, we apply them to a recursive utility investment‐consumption problem, and the optimal consumption rate is derived explicitly. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.