An evaluation of supracondylar humerus fractures: is there a correlation between postponing treatment and the need for open surgical intervention?

Purpose

The goal of this study was to evaluate the treatment and recovery of patients treated for Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures in order to determine if postponing treatment leads to a higher rate of open surgical treatment or complications.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted examining the medical records of children with Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures at our institution for a two-year period. The patients included in the study were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Results

After exclusions, 134 patients were included in the study, with an average age of 5.6 years. The patients were grouped according to whether their treatment was postponed (39.6 %) or immediate (60.4 %). The majority of all patients were treated using CRPP: 46 (86.8 %) of the postponed patients and 75 (92.6 %) of the immediate patients. Very few postsurgical complications occurred in the patients; there was only one (1.6 %) case of iatrogenic nerve injury in a postponed patient as well as four (3.8 %) cases of loss of carrying angle: one (2.3 %) in postponed patients and three (4.8 %) in immediate patients.

Conclusions

Postponing treatment of type III supracondylar humerus fractures in children did not lead to an increase in open surgical treatment; nor did it lead to an increase in complications.     

Elbow fracture-dislocation combined with Galeazzi fracture in adult: A case report and literature review

INTRODUCTIONGaleazzi fracture associated with ipsilateral posterior elbow dislocation and radial head fracture is a rare pattern of injury. Few reports exist that describes this injury pattern and its treatment. We describe a case report of simultaneous occurrence of Galeazzi fracture and ipsilateral dislocation of elbow.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 58 year-old female presented with Galeazzi fracture and posterior elbow dislocation associated with radial head fracture of left upper extremity. This was managed with closed reduction of the elbow, open reduction and internal fixation of the radial shaft fracture and K-wire stabilisation of the unstable distal radioulnar joint. Prophylactic fasciotomy was performed. At 10 months follow-up, the outcome was favourable with the American shoulder and elbow surgeon score of 92 and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score of 18.DISCUSSIONThe presumed mechanism of the injury was a forceful axial loading of a hyperpronated forearm and extended elbow. Our literature review shows that this pattern of injury occurs as a result of high energy trauma in young individuals, and successful outcome can be achieved by addressing each component of this complex injury individually.CONCLUSIONSimultaneous occurrence of elbow dislocation and Galeazzi fracture seems to be the result of extreme axial force and unique position of upper extremity at the time of impact. Individualised approach to each component of this injury can result in favourable outcome.     

Effect of VA-045, a novel apovincaminic acid derivative,on closed head injury-induced neurological dysfunction in aged rats

Abstract

Objective: The strength–duration time constant (SDTC) is a measure of axonal excitability and it can provide information about Na⁺ channel function. In this study, we sought to examine the changes in the SDTCs of motor and sensory fibers of the median nerve in patients taking colchicine, which affects axoplasmic flow and may result in axonal neuropathy.

Methods and results: The SDTCs of motor and sensory fibers of 29 patients who had been taking colchicine were measured following stimulation of the right median nerve at the wrist. The results were compared with ten healthy age-matched subjects. No significant differences were found between the groups.

Conclusions: The lack of any effect on the SDTC by colchicine might have been due to the fact that axonal degeneration caused by colchicine affects the Na⁺–K⁺ ATP pump or that it affects internodal channels other than nodal channels.     

Statistical planning in confirmatory clinical trials with multiple treatment groups,multiple visits,and multiple endpoints

ABSTRACT

Multiplicity issues can be multidimensional: A confirmatory clinical trial may be designed to have efficacy assessed with two or more primary endpoints, for multiple dose groups, and at several post-baseline visits. Controlling for multiplicity in this situation is challenging because there can be a hierarchy with respect to some but not all measurements. If the higher dose is considered more efficacious, multiplicity approach may evaluate the higher dose with higher priority through a fixed sequential testing framework for dose assessments in combination with a Hochberg approach for endpoints. The lower dose is only assessed when the higher dose has significant results, which reduces the power for detecting signals in the lower dose group. However, in some instances the higher dose may associate with tolerability or safety concerns that preclude regulatory approval. A real confirmatory clinical trial with such challenges is provided as an illustrative example. We discuss closed testing procedures based on multi-way averages of comparisons for this complex multiplicity situation through illustrative case analyses and a simulation study. Such strategies manage the higher dose and the lower dose with equal priority, and they enable evaluation of the multiple endpoints at multiple visits collectively with power being reasonably high.     

Closed incision negative pressure therapy: Results of recent trials and recommendations for clinical practice

BackgroundOpen abdominal surgery is associated with high rates of wound complications . Surgical site infection (SSI) is associated with prolonged length of stay, delayed treatment and high rates of readmission ^{(1, 3, 4)}. Negative pressure wound therapy over closed incisions (ciNPWT) is a novel approach to prevention of SSI. We reviewed the outcomes of studies comparing ciNPWT and standard therapy in open abdominal wounds to assess the efficacy of the current evidence base.AimTo assess the effect of negative pressure wound therapy used over closed incisions in open abdominal surgery.MethodsSearch of relevant terms was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane to identify studies published between Jan 2006–Feb 2019. Studies were chosen based on specific inclusion criteria. Articles were screened to assess demographics, study design and outcomes.ResultsSeven retrospective and six prospective randomised controlled trials were identified for inclusion, totalling 3048 participants. 967 received ciNPWT and 2081 received standard treatment. Studies assessed a mix of surgeries (colorectal n = 6, pancreaticoduodenectomy n = 1, gynaecologic n = 1, acute care surgery n = 1, mixed open n = 2). ciNPWT was statistically significant in reducing SSI in 9 of 13 studies.ConclusionciNPWT in open abdominal surgery has demonstrated promising results for reducing SSI rate in some trials however, patient selection remains unclear. Recent randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate benefit overall with use of ciNPWT in open abdominal surgery. Further multicentre prospective trials are needed for cost-benefit analysis and appropriate patient-selection.     

闭合性踝关节骨折术后发生手术部位感染的危险因素分析

背景:踝关节骨折是临床常见骨折,关于闭合性踝关节骨折术后切口感染的研究相对较少,如何降低术后感染率和切口不愈合风险是手术治疗成功的关键。目的:分析闭合性踝关节骨折患者内固定术后发生手术部位感染(SSI)的危险因素,为临床制订预防控制措施提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2015年5月至2018年5月行手术治疗的206例闭合性踝关节骨折患者,男130例,女76例,年龄21~87岁,平均(48.1±17.5)岁。术后3个月内发生浅表或深部感染的19例为感染组,其余187例为非感染组。对感染组患者的病原菌类型进行分析。记录所有患者发生SSI的潜在危险因素:①患者相关:性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟史、高血压病及糖尿病等合并症;②创伤相关:损伤机制、骨折分型、软组织损伤程度、有无张力性水泡及是否合并脱位等;③手术相关:受伤至手术时间、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)麻醉分级、手术时间、内置物类型、术中出血量、缝合方法及术后石膏固定等。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析发生SSI的影响因素。结果:SSI发生率为9.2%(19/206),感染组细菌培养阳性率为94.7%(18/19),吸烟史(P=0.034)、手术时间延长(P=0.046)和术后未行石膏固定(P=0.021)是闭合性踝关节骨折术后发生SSI的独立危险因素。结论:对于闭合性踝关节骨折患者,劝告患者术前术后戒烟、有效缩短手术时间、术后早期阶段石膏固定或有利于减少SSI的发生。     

Closed vs open reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip: The short-term effect on acetabular remodeling

BackgroundThis study aims to assess acetabular remodeling following closed vs, open hip reduction in children younger than 2 years of age.MethodsRecords of children with DDH, who underwent closed or open reduction, were reviewed. Acetabular index (AI) was measured on radiographs taken prior to reduction and on outcome radiographs taken at age 4 years. Radiographic outcomes were analyzed and residual dysplasia (outcome AI ≥ 30) degrees recorded.Results42 hips had closed reduction; and 26 hips had open reduction. A higher percentage of hips treated with successful closed reduction, had outcome AI ≥ 30° (29% vs. 19% p = 0.387). Residual dysplasia was more common in IHDI-IV hips than IHDI-III hips for both groups. A higher incidence of AVN was seen in the open reduction group (13% vs. 7%; p = 0.43).ConclusionIn children with DDH under the age of two, open reduction with capsulorrhaphy may benefit acetabular remodeling more so than closed reduction despite maintenance of reduction. Although AVN remains a risk, higher remodeling might be expected with open reduction.     

足拇趾趾间关节脱位闭合复位失败的治疗分析

正患者,男,43岁,因外伤至左足拇趾肿痛2 h于2017年10月30日收入我院。患者于2 h前骑电动车下坡时不慎摔倒,左足趾尖先着地,随即出现左拇趾肿痛、畸形伴活动不能,于我院急诊外科行左足正斜位X线片示左足第1趾间关节半脱位(图1a,1b),随后急诊外科予手法复位失败后收住我科。入院查体:左拇趾明显肿胀,未见皮肤破口,左拇末节稍内旋屈趾畸形,趾间关节明显触痛,第1趾间关节     

手法闭合复位配合两种克氏针固定方式治疗GartlandⅡ型和Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折疗效比较

目的:比较手法闭合复位后采用克氏针桡侧扇形固定和尺桡双侧交叉固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效。方法:对2017年3月至2018年12月采用手法闭合复位克氏针固定治疗的60例肱骨髁上骨折患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按穿针方式不同分为两组。桡侧3枚针扇形固定组(A组)30例,男19例,女11例,年龄2～10(5.00±2.10)岁;Gartland分型,Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型9例。尺桡双侧3枚针交叉固定组(B组)30例,男22例,女8例;年龄1～9 (5.13±2.08)岁;Gartland分型,Ⅱ型19例,Ⅲ型11例。观察并比较两组患儿骨折愈合时间、术后并发症、术后肘关节屈伸活动度和前臂旋转活动度恢复情况,术后肘关节提携角及其角度丢失情况,末次随访时采用Mayo肘关节功能评分进行疗效评价。结果:两组患儿均获得随访,但两组患儿随访时间、骨折愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后1例发生医源性尺神经损伤,B组9例,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);A组2例发生轻度骨折再移位,B组1例,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。无肘内翻畸形、针道感染、骨筋膜室综合征及骨化性肌炎发生。术后3个月两组患儿肘关节屈伸活动度、前臂旋转活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3、6个月时两组肘关节提携角及其丢失角度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);末次随访Mayo肘关节功能评分及疗效评价比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:骨折早期采用手法闭合复位克氏针固定具有创伤小,易复位,固定稳定,可以早期功能锻炼的优势。桡侧3枚针扇形固定造成医源性尺神经损伤的风险较尺桡双侧3枚针交叉固定更小。