系统性红斑狼疮住院人群临床流行病学调查分析

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者发病特点及诊疗情况,有助于临床医师进一步加强对SLE的认识.方法用EPI Info软件建立数据库,分析1990年1月至2001年6月690例安徽医科大学第一附属医院SLE住院患者的病案资料.结果①近5年SLE患者住院人数有所下降.②发病特点:SLE患者高峰年龄在20～40岁,以农民最多;女性多于男性,男女性别比为1:7.73,但40岁以后两性差别显著缩小.感染仍为SLE患者的常见诱因,但有1/3患者发病与妊娠有关;在转科的SLE患者中肝损害为首发症状者最多.③诊疗情况:治疗结果以好转为主;影响转科因素有住院天数、入院时情况、病程和治疗结果.结论①SLE住院人数近年有下降趋势,SLE住院人数难以代表大规模流行病学调查.各级医务人员要关注SLE的高峰年龄和相对危险人群.②SLE目前基本不能根治.对于以消化系统、循环系统或神经系统为首发症状的患者也应考虑到本病的可能.     

700名医学生心理卫生状况的调查分析

目的了解郴州市大学生心理卫生状况.方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对郴州市某医学高等专科学校700名大学生进行问卷调查.结果被试中至少有一个SCL-90因子的得分大于或等于3分的学生占11.57%,男、女及不同来源的学生间比较,均无统计学意义:但三年级学生比例高于一、二年级学生以及学护理专业学生高于临床医学专业学生,且具有统计学意义;总体上,郴州市大学生心理卫生水平差于全国常模,但优于国内其他地区大学生;女生、三年级学生及护理学专业学生的心理问题相对较为突出.结论大学生的心理问题不容忽视,应针对不同群体采取不同措施,加强大学生心理健康教育.     

镉污染对居民健康影响及因素分析

目的了解镉污染对居民健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响,为镉污染防制提供科学依据.方法选择福建省一铅锌矿所在地的"污染区"与"对照区",进行现场流行病学、卫生学与入户问卷调查,并进行尿镉、尿β2-微球蛋白等实验室检测.结果污染区居民健康状况比非污染区差,阳性症状、体征都较对照区多;慢性病危险因素Logistic回归分析表明,居住污染区(OR值为2.199)、中年人是患慢性病的危险因素(OR值为2.382),多吃新鲜蔬菜是保护因素(OR值为0.76);生殖功能损害影响因素的多分类有序Logistic回归模型表明,居住污染区的危险因素OR为1.36,每天多吃新鲜蔬菜是生殖功能损害的保护因素(OR值为0.55).结论镉污染对居民健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响应予关注.对污染区居民而言,每天多吃新鲜蔬菜、可减少镉污染对健康尤其是对女性生殖健康的影响.     

非虚假设非中心法及其临床应用

目的本文提出一种非虚假设非中心法,并说明其临床应用.方法以非虚假设取代虚假设将经典非中心法加以扩展,以Monte Carlo方法展示其行为.结果当最小临床承认差量取零时,它还原为经典方法.其观测功效与预定功效吻合.结论这种方法适用于以治疗-对照差临床意义研究或临床等效性为目的临床试验的设计.     

液基细胞薄层涂片阴道镜对早期子宫颈癌筛查临床与流调应用研究

目的 :探讨液基细胞薄层涂片 ( TCT)、阴道镜合用对早期子宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查的可行性。方法 :以广东省东莞市长安医院妇科就诊的患者作为筛查人群 ,选择从未进行 TCT、阴道镜及 HPV等检查 ,且均有性生活和非孕期妇女 (年龄不限 )共计 2 5 14例 ,其中本地户籍 12 9例 ( 5 .1% ) ,外地户籍 2 385例 ( 94 .9% )。以病理组织学为金标准 ,结合 HPV- DNA分子生物学诊断技术 ,评价 TCT、阴道镜检查的诊断价值。结果 :该人群现患率 :HSIL (高度鳞状上皮内瘤变 )为 1.4 % ( 34/2 5 14 ) ;SCC(鳞状细胞癌 )为 0 .3% ( 7/ 2 5 14 ) ;平均年龄分别为 33.6和 38.1;人群平均初次性交年龄、性伴数、孕次、产次分别为 2 1.5、 3.2、 4 .8、 2 .3;从事宾馆娱乐美容业占 6 7.3%、家庭妇女占 12 .0 % ,3种方法的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为 HPV (阳性≥ 1.0 pg/ ml) ( 0 .96 7,0 .84 4 ,0 .2 2 0 ,0 .998) ;TCT (≥ L SIL 为阳性 ) ( 0 .86 1,0 .95 9,0 .5 77,0 .993) ;阴道镜检查 (≥ CIN 为阳性 ) ( 0 .898,0 .6 89,0 .134,0 .993)。结论 :1该患病人群符合子宫颈癌及癌前病变的流行病学特点 ,因此 ,在开放地区开展早期子宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查有着重要的现实意义。 2 TCT制片效果优良 ,敏感度和特异?     

Health-Related Quality of Life in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Determining a Meaningful Deterioration

This paper uses the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the standard error of the difference (S(diff)) in relation to data on individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to calculate the minimum change scores required by statistical criteria for each dimension of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40). Data collected from a longitudinal study was used to evaluate the usefulness of SEM and S(diff) criteria and to compare these criteria with an anchor-based approach in determining meaningful change. Questionnaires were completed on two occasions, 3 months apart. 764 questionnaires were returned. Questionnaires included the ALSAQ-40 and dimension specific transition items. The ALSAQ-40 is a disease specific health-related quality of life instrument for use in studies of patients with ALS or other motor neuron diseases. For all dimensions of the ALSAQ-40 the patterns of SEMs were similar over time. The results suggest that, for example, six points change on a 0-100 transformed scoring of the physical mobility dimension may be considered on distributional grounds a minimum meaningful change. The demonstrated consistency of SEMs for the dimensions of the ALSAQ-40 is empirical evidence of the theoretically claimed advantage of this measure of sample independence, and supports use of this distributional approach to calculate meaningful change.     

外伤性眼前段炎症的非甾体抗炎新药--双氯芬酸胆碱滴眼液的研究

目的为寻求非甾体抗眼外伤炎症新药，观察双氯芬酸胆碱(diclofenac acid-choline)滴眼液的抗炎效果。方法新西兰大白兔36只，随机分为3组，分别用辣椒酊、斑蝥酊和电灼伤刺激建立兔眼外伤性炎症模型，0．1％双氯芬酸胆碱滴眼液滴眼并分别以0．1％地塞米松滴眼液及生理盐水滴眼为对照，观察其对角膜炎、虹膜炎和结膜炎的治疗效果。结果0．1％双氯芬酸胆碱滴眼液可显著减轻外伤刺激引起的兔眼前段炎症反应的强度，消除炎症反应总积分与地塞米松滴眼液相似。结论双氯芬酸胆碱滴眼液可作为一种新的非甾体抗炎滴眼药进行开发应用。     

中药防治糖尿病肾病的分子生物学研究进展

糖尿病肾病已成为糖尿病严重的并发症之一,其发病率及死亡率呈上升趋势.本文介绍了中药通过影响糖基化终产物、葡萄糖转运蛋白1、血小板衍化生长因子-β、血管内皮素-l、一氧化氮合酶、转化生长因子-β1、金属蛋白酶、血管紧张素转化酶、凋亡细胞和相关组织的基因表达,预防和治疗糖尿病肾病.     

沥水调脂胶囊和舒降之片治疗高胆固醇血症的比较研究

目的　评价沥水调脂胶囊和舒降之片治疗高胆固醇血症的疗效与不良反应。方法　 6 6例高胆固醇血症的病人随机分成沥水调脂胶囊组 (A组 )和舒降之组 (B组 ) ;A组 33例给予沥水调脂胶囊 3粒 ,po,tid ,B组 33例给予舒降之 10mg ,po ,qd ;疗程均为 4周。结果　与治疗前相比 ,A组胆固醇 (TC)降低 ,有效率为 90 90 % ,甘油三脂 (TG)降低 ,有效率为 6 9 70 % ;B组TC降低 ,有效率为 93 33% ,TG降低 ,有效率为 5 1 5 1% ;A组和B组疗效间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,不良反应发生率两组间有显著性差异 (3 3%和 12 1% ,P <0 0 1)。结论　沥水调脂胶囊治疗高胆固醇血症与舒降之片相比 ,效果同样明显。     

Educating early childhood teachers for the global world

Teachers for the twenty-first century for the global world need to be proficient in technology and skilled as reflective practitioners. They need to be able to reflect on diversity in myriad ways: learning styles, special needs, cultural differences, racial differences, developmentally appropriate differences, teaching styles and personality differences of children, teachers, parents, community members and administrators. The paradigni shift of the twenty-first century is that teachers need to be team players who are skilled at operating in a variety of collaborative partnerships.

The Early Childhood Program Faculty, at NEIU, with the help of a Teacher Quality Education grant, developed with six universities in Illinois called Illinois Professionals Learning Partnerships (IPLP), set out to adapt the NEIU/ECED program for the twenty-first century in a global world by focusing on four goals: (1) increasing technology and writing skills across the curriculum, (2) developing reflective skills and understanding of diversity (special needs, multicultural/international cultures), (3) developing student experience working in collaborative partnerships and (4) increasing clinical experiences.

The IPLP grant enabled the ECED program to: (1) spend intensive time on changing the curriculum in two retreats a year, (2) develop a faculty cohort including tenure track faculty, visiting lecturers and adjuncts, (3) develop a combined program of research and program development, (4) recruit and hire three new tenure track international faculty, (5) develop professional development schools and intensive field experiences, (6) combine resources for many grants, (7) develop short-term international experiences and faculty exchange programs and (8) increase technology skills of students and faculty through action laboratories on using video technology, digital cameras, reflective email discussions and videography.