多媒体课件在妇产科学示教课中的应用探索

使用多媒体课件进行妇产科学示教课程教学，与传统教学手段相比有着不可替代的优势，有助于培养全面发展的医学人才，能够显著提高妇产科学示教课程教学效果。     

持续呼吸道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床疗效观察

目的观察采用持续呼吸道正压通气（CPAP）治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法将本院2009年10月～2011年10月收治的84例患有呼吸衰竭的新生儿随机分为两组,治疗组和对照组均为42例,治疗组采用持续呼吸道正压通气治疗,对照组则采用头罩吸氧及药物治疗,对两组结果进行比较。结果治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为88.1%和59.5%,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组的气管插管率及并发症发生率均低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 CPAP是治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭安全、有效的方法,较传统治疗具有明显的优势,值得推广。     

锁定加压钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折临床分析

目的探讨锁定加压钢板（LCP）治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床效果。方法将78例肱骨外科颈骨折患者根据内固定治疗不同的方式随机分为两组,观察组39例采用LCP治疗,对照组39例采用三叶草型钢板固定治疗,并比较两组的临床疗效。结果观察组的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间均明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）,观察组优良率为97.44%,明显高于对照组的66.67%（P〈0.05）。结论 LCP治疗肱骨外科颈骨折预后良好,临床疗效显著,值得基层医院临床大力推广应用。     

子宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变流行病学调查

目的 了解湖北航天医院就诊患者中子宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变的发病年龄及其病理类型趋势的变化,为我院妇科体检提供相关科学依据.方法 以湖北航天医院1991～2010年病理检查资料为材料,分别统计各年龄组的发病情况,并采用方差分析对数据进行流行病学调查.结果 患者的年龄范围21-76岁,宫颈癌患病高峰年龄段为41～55岁；宫颈上皮内瘤变患病高峰年龄段为36～45岁.前十年和后十年患病高峰年龄段对比分析差异无显著性(P＞0.01).结论 我院未出现明显宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变患病年轻化趋势,应加大对36～55岁妇女的普查和健康教育的力度,做好1、2级预防工作.本资料可为我院宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变的防治提供基础资料和决策依据.     

Counting primary loops in polymer gels

Much of our fundamental knowledge related to polymer networks is built on an assumption of ideal end-linked network structure. Real networks invariably possess topological imperfections that negatively affect mechanical properties; modifications of classical network theories have been developed to account for these defects. Despite decades of effort, there are no known experimental protocols for precise quantification of even the simplest topological network imperfections: primary loops. Here we present a simple conceptual framework that enables primary loop quantification in polymeric materials. We apply this framework to measure the fraction of primary loop junctions in trifunctional PEG-based hydrogels. We anticipate that the concepts described here will open new avenues of theoretical and experimental research related to polymer network structure.     

二氢埃托啡依赖80例临床分析

目的：分析二氢埃托啡依赖者的临床表现。方法：对80例二氢埃托啡依赖者的临床资料进行分析，并分析这80例依赖者所填写的药物依赖性调查表的结果。在患者入院后的第一周开始给予支持疗法进行治疗。结果：80例二氢埃托啡依赖者中男女比例为4：1，初中文化程度的人最多，32人、个体户、无业人员占82％；大多数患者不知道二氢埃托啡可以成瘾。滥用二氢埃托啡的平均时间是（3．1±2．4）月，用量为（6．4±4．6）片。停用药物后，患者全部出现戒断症状。二氢埃托啡的戒断症状比较轻，出现早，消失快，容易戒断。联合疗法治疗二氢埃托啡依赖的效果明显。结论：联合疗法治疗二氢埃托啡依赖效果明显，值得推广。     

The Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment screen correlated with the Standardized Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive section in clinical trials

ObjectivesThe Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive section and its standardized version (SADAS-cog) are the current standard for assessing cognitive outcomes in clinical trials of dementia. This study compares a shorter cognitive instrument, the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) screen, with the SADAS-cog as outcome measures in clinical trials.Study Design and SettingThe SADAS-cog, Qmci, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, and the Lawton–Brady activities of daily living (ADL) scale were assessed at multiple time points, over 1 year in a multicenter randomized clinical trial of 406 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia. Correlations were estimated using regression at each time point, all time points, and mean values across time. Responsiveness was assessed using the standardized response mean (SRM).ResultsRegression for pooled time points showed strong and significant correlation between the SADAS-cog and Qmci (r = −0.75, P < 0.001). Correlations remained strong for mean values across time and at each time point. The SADAS-cog and Qmci also correlated with CDR and ADL scores. There was no difference in SRMs between the SADAS-cog and Qmci [t(357) = −0.32, P = 0.75].ConclusionThe Qmci correlated strongly with the SADAS-cog and both were equally responsive to deterioration. We suggest that clinicians and investigators can substitute the shorter Qmci for the SADAS-cog.     

阿托伐他汀钙联合羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗分水岭脑梗死的临床效果研究

目的分析阿托伐他汀钙联合羟乙基淀粉注射液对分水岭脑梗死患者急性期和远期临床治疗效果。方法选取本院2013年2月至2014年6月收治的分水岭脑梗死患者78例为研究对象,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各39例,两组患者均给予稳压、降糖、抗血小板聚集等常规治疗,对照组患者在此基础上加用阿托伐他汀钙,观察组患者给予阿托伐他汀钙联合羟乙基淀粉注射液,比较两组患者急性期和远期的临床效果。结果治疗后7天,观察组患者日常生活能力和神经功能恢复均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后3个月,观察组患者神经功能及日常生活能力恢复均明显优于对照组,且治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(χ2=7.47,P<0.01)。结论阿托伐他汀钙联合羟乙基淀粉注射液在分水岭脑梗死患者急性期和远期均有较好的临床治疗效果。     

Combining efficacy and completion rates with no data imputation: A composite approach with greater sensitivity for the statistical evaluation of active comparisons in antipsychotic trials

Outcomes in RCT's of antipsychotic medications are often examined using last observation carried forward (LOCF) and mixed effect models (MMRM), these ignore meaning of non-completion and thus rely on questionable assumptions. We tested an approach that combines into a single statistic, the drug effect in those who complete trial and proportion of patients in each treatment group who complete trial. This approach offers a conceptually and clinically meaningful endpoint. Composite approach was compared to LOCF (ANCOVA) and MMRM in 59 industry sponsored RCT's. For within study comparisons we computed effect size (z-score) and p values for (a) rates of completion, (b) symptom change for complete cases, which were combined into composite statistic, and (c) symptom change for all cases using last observation forward (LOCF). In the 30 active comparator studies, composite approach detected larger differences in effect size than LOCF (ES=.05) and MMRM (ES=.076). In 10 of the 49 comparisons composite lead to significant differences (p≤.05) where LOCF and MMRM did not. In 3 comparisons LOCF was significant, in 2 MMRM lead to significant differences whereas composite did not. In placebo controlled trials, there was no meaningful difference in effect size between composite and LOCF and MMRM when comparing placebo to active treatment, however composite detected greater differences than other approaches when comparing between active treatments. Composite was more sensitive to effects of experimental treatment vs. active controls (but not placebo) than LOCF and MMRM thereby increasing study power while answering a more relevant question.     

社区卫生服务机构围绕重大疾病开展 单病种诊疗服务时的患者“临床判别路径”性能分析

在本文之前的研究中,我们绘制了社区围绕重大疾病开展单病种诊疗服务的ROADMAP,又对"患者纳入"环节应遵循何种原则进行了探究,提出"供方角度的覆盖能力、需方角度的可及和诊疗方案上的科学"三原则法,诊疗方案上的科学关键在于明确诊断,其中的核心技术在于,制定科学合理的"临床判别路径"。本文研究的就是"临床判别路径"性能分析与未来开发建议。依旧以"骨质疏松症社区规范化治疗项目"为例,揭示社区目前"临床判别路径"存在的问题,为今后优化改进"临床判别路径"提供依据和参考。