对41例儿童旋毛虫病的临床观察

为了解儿童旋毛虫病的临床特征，对１９９２～１９９５年就诊的４１例儿童旋毛虫病进行分析。结果表明，患儿来自河南６个地区，主要因食猪肉馅饺子、烤羊肉串或食涮猪肉而感染。冬季为本病的高发季节。患儿平均年龄为８．８岁，男女之比为２．７１。长期发热和嗜酸性粒细胞增多为本病的主要表现，仅少数患儿有肌痛、胃肠道症状和皮疹。眼睑水肿仅见于发病早期。血清学检查对诊断本病有重要意义。预防本病的关键措施是加强肉检和改变不良的饮食习惯。     

环枢关节紊乱症的临床研究

环枢关节紊乱症，从发病机理到临床表现，乃是颈椎病中较复杂的疑难顽症。用常规诊治方法，疗效不佳。本研究提出新的诊断依据与治疗方法，对３２０例病者随机分为治疗组１６６例（采用改进的诊治方法），对照组１５４例（用常规诊治方法）对照进行疗效观察。结果显示：治疗组治愈率与总有效率及康复率均高于对照组。有非常显著差异，Ｐ＜０．０１。而疗程较对照组短。环枢关节紊乱症的临床研究有利于颈椎病诊治水平的提高，运用于临床，疗效好，效益高，具有推广应用价值。     

Longitudinal monthly body measurements from 1 to 12 months of age: a study by practitioners for practitioners

A longitudinal growth study with monthly measurements during the 1st year of life was conducted by nine paediatricians working in private practice in Zurich. Of 92 children, none was lost to the study and only 32 of 1104 planned visits were missed; the quality of the measurements was comparable to that of a specialised university clinic. Compared to the Zurich Longitudinal Growth Studies, children of this study were considerably heavier and taller. In 92% of the subjects, growth velocity was at least once outside the reference range (3rd–97th percentile). For weight increments, the corresponding proportion was 87%. Conclusions The data indicate that current standards for the 1st year of life for the Zurich area might no longer be appropriate and need to be updated. The currently used velocity percentiles based on 3-monthly measurements are not suitable to assess individual height and weight increments calculated from monthly measurements. Received: 9 June 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 21 November 1997     

67例梅毒临床分析

对１９９６年３月１日～１９９７年９月３０日诊治的６７例梅毒进行临床分析。结果：６７例均为早期梅毒，其中妊娠期梅毒２４例，隐性梅毒１３例，３０岁以下患者占７６．１２％。提示年轻梅毒患者有增加趋势，通过胎盘血行传播危险性大，对第一次接受产前检查的孕妇应常规进行梅毒筛查，隐性梅毒发病率较高，故对所有可疑病例应常规做梅毒筛查。     

雷公藤多苷的临床应用进展

综述近10年雷公藤多苷的临床应用进展，为深入研究雷公藤多苷提供理论依据。     

男性胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤2例临床病理观察

目的探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤(SPT)的临床病理特征及了解分子病理学研究进展。方法2例SPT分别作HE、PAS、免疫组织化学(S—P法)染色观察。结果2例SPT男性患者均有腹部包块及腹痛症状。术后均无复发。肿块体积较大，囊实性相间。镜下瘤细胞围绕纤维血管形成特征性的假乳头结构，并可见退行性变、出血和泡沫细胞。免疫组化结果：2例AACT、ACT、Cga和Syn均为阳性，PR、ER、Ck和Ins均为阴性，1例Vim为阳性。结论胰腺SPT为具有独特临床病理特征的低度恶性肿瘤。     

固本壮骨胶囊治疗原发性骨质疏松症的临床研究

目的：评价固本壮骨胶囊的疗效和女全性。方法：我们于2002年10月至2003年7月按照国家药品食品监督管理局中药新药审批办法，通过与骨松宝颗粒剂（无糖型）多中心、随机、双盲双模拟对照的临床观察。对223例原发性骨质疏松症（肝肾不足证）患者进行了系统的临床试验研究。结果：治疗后两组都有明确疗效，两组间没有统计学差异，但试验组在改善腰膝酸软和步履艰难这二个症状方面明显优于对照组。比较骨密度的变化，各部位3个月和6个月的骨密度改变，两组无明显差异，而试验组在提高腰椎骨密度方面优于对照组。另外，治疗组在治疗过程中无明显不良反应，治疗后的各项血液生化指标和心电图均无改变。结论：固本壮骨胶囊是一种安全有效的中药新药。     

The value of the number-needed-to-treat method in antiepileptic drug trials

PURPOSE: There is controversy between clinicians and statisticians on the appropriateness of the number needed to treat (NNT) as a summary statistic to report the effectiveness of a treatment. We examine the two viewpoints and make proposals concerning the reporting of clinical trial results. METHODS: In the context of antiepileptic treatments, we explain the two different viewpoints and illustrate the use of the odds ratio, relative risk, absolute difference, and NNT on the results of randomized clinical trials with topiramate (TPM). Special attention is paid to the use of these summary statistics in meta-analyses. Here, the NNT is the expected number of patients one would need to treat to achieve a single occurrence of a specified good outcome (e.g., 50% reduction in seizure rate) in comparison to no (or placebo) treatment. RESULTS: Although the NNT is readily interpretable in some instances, it exhibits undesirable statistical behavior in other cases. In particular, confidence intervals for the NNT may split into two intervals and extend to positive and negative infinity when treatment efficacy is not clearly established by the data. Meta-analyses cannot be sensibly conducted directly on the NNT scale. CONCLUSIONS: Although other measures, such as the odds ratio, have been more commonly used in the context of meta-analyses, clinicians prefer the NNT because it gives them a clearer clinical interpretation of the effectiveness of a (new) treatment. On the other hand, statisticians do not recognize the value of the NNT, as it has undesirable statistical properties. Some reconciliation between the two views could be achieved when the clinicians acknowledge the weak aspects of the NNT and when statisticians realize that statistical appropriateness is not the same as clinical relevance. It is suggested that the NNT be used as a secondary reporting tool not on an equal footing with the classic scales.     

Violence in the Schools: Clinical Issues and Case Analysis for High-Risk Children

School violence in rural communities has gained considerable attention nationally. Examined are theoretical considerations involving escape theory, the risk and protective factors for school violence, case analyses of recent case studies, and discussion of recent school violence involving fatal injuries to others. Also discussed are diagnostic issues in understanding children who are at-risk for school violence and ways school violence maybe managed in the schools. Suggestions and recommendations including recommendations provided by the National School Safety Center for school personnel are offered, as are steps to be taken in creating a safe school environment. This information may be helpful to child psychiatry and clinical personnel who provide services to school aged children.     

非虚假设非中心法及其临床应用

目的本文提出一种非虚假设非中心法,并说明其临床应用.方法以非虚假设取代虚假设将经典非中心法加以扩展,以Monte Carlo方法展示其行为.结果当最小临床承认差量取零时,它还原为经典方法.其观测功效与预定功效吻合.结论这种方法适用于以治疗-对照差临床意义研究或临床等效性为目的临床试验的设计.