Hilar fat infiltration: A new prognostic factor in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with first-line sunitinib treatment

Introduction

The selection of patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) who may benefit from targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been a challenge, even more so now with the advent of new therapies. Hilar fat infiltration (HFI) is a validated prognostic factor in nonmetastatic ccRCC (TNM 2009 staging system) but has never been studied in metastatic patients. We aimed to assess its phenotype and prognostic effect in patients with metastatic ccRCC treated with first-line sunitinib.

腹壁软组织透明细胞肉瘤1例

<正>患者男,62岁,因"发现腹壁肿物1年"入院。查体:腹部略膨隆,左下腹壁可触及一肿物,大小约5cm×5cm,触压痛,表皮红肿。肿瘤标志物:总前列腺特异抗原17.47μg/L(正常值4.00μg/L),神经元特异性烯醇化酶39.79μg/L(正常值25μg/L)。腹部CT:左侧前下腹壁区见团块状异常密度影,大小约6.8cm×7.0cm,CT值约10~45 HU,增强扫描动脉期     

Clinical Presentation and Treatment Options for Clear Cell Lung Cancer: University of Cincinnati A Case Series and Literature Review of Clear Cell Lung Cancer

Clear cell carcinomas are common finding in renal, ovarian and uterine carcinomas. However, clear cell lungcancer (CCLC), first described by Liebow and Castleman in 1963, is considered an extremely rare variant of lungtumors. The 2011 WHO classification of lung tumors considered CCLC as a rare cytologic feature of squamous cellor adenocarcinomas. It is no longer recognized as a formal subtype, albeit it can be referred to in the pathologicaldiagnosis as “with clear cell features” even with marginal fractions of the tumor cells. Such recognition is neededsince the variation in clinical features and outcome in this subset of patients. The disease has a clinically vague naturalhistory, is characterized by slight female predominance and is often seen in the elderly. As frequently encountered withrare diseases, its clinical course and treatment options have many questions still yet to be answered. In this paper, wereview both the natural history and treatment options mentioned in literature, in the light of our experience by reportinga case series of four patients diagnosed with CCLC and highlight their aspects.     

肾细胞癌的分子遗传学改变研究进展

肾细胞癌（RCC）是肾癌最重要的一种病理分型,其中又以透明细胞性肾细胞癌（ccRCC）最常见,其次是乳头状肾细胞癌（PRCC）和嫌色性肾细胞癌（ChRCC）。随着二代测序技术的普遍运用,关于ccRCC中VHL、PBRM1等常见突变基因以及3p缺失等拷贝数变异（CNV）的研究越来越多;另外,PRCC和ChRCC中的基因突变和CNV研究也不断出现。本文将对ccRCC、PRCC和ChRCC等几种常见RCC的基因突变、CNV和基因融合等分子遗传学改变研究进展作一综述。     

MDCT对肾透明细胞癌中肾窦脂肪侵犯的诊断价值

目的 探讨术前MDCT评估肾透明细胞癌肾窦脂肪侵犯的可行性,并辨认其影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的113例肾透明细胞癌患者的临床及影像学资料,其中肾窦脂肪侵犯27例,术前均接受MDCT多期增强扫描.由两名放射科医师通过CT图像中肿瘤大小、灌注程度、侵犯肾盂肾盏、肿瘤边缘等征象判定是否存在肾窦脂肪侵犯.通过单因素及多因素分析评价肾窦脂肪侵犯的危险系数.结果 术前MDCT评估肾透明细胞癌肾窦脂肪侵犯的准确性为79.2％(x2=40.85,P＜0.001)、敏感性为66.7％、特异性为91.9％.肿瘤大小、灌注减低、侵犯肾盂肾盏和肿瘤边缘不规则均是肾窦脂肪侵犯的主要预测因素,其中肿瘤大小、侵犯肾盂肾盏可作为评价肾窦脂肪侵犯的重要危险因素.结论 MDCT对检测肾透明细胞癌肾窦脂肪侵犯有较高的诊断价值,有助于临床手术方式的选择及患者预后的评估.     

Clear cell colitis： A form of microscopic colitis in children

AIM： TO describe a new clinical and pathological subtype of microscopic colitis in children.
METHODS： A selected group of children with abdominal pain, constipation and/or diarrhoea showing discrete or no macroscopic abnormalities on endoscopy was described.
RESULTS： Multiple biopsies of colon showed large mononuclear clear cells in lamina propria of mucous membrane provided that good quality histological sections were performed and observed under a higher magnification. Otherwise, they could be misinterpreted as artefacts. Their presence in routine histology might suggest a systemic storage disease （Whipple＇s disease）, and neuronal intestine dysplasia. Using immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy we confirmed their origin from CD68 positive mononuclear macrophages.
CONCLUSION： The presence of large clear cells is a constant microscopic feature. Failure of transient large bowel stationary macrophages plays a role in the pathogenesis of this benign microscopic clear cell colitis, sometimes coexisting with allergy.     

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the colon：A case report and review of literature

A primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the colon is a rare oncologic entity. We herein report a case of such a tumor of the sigmoid colon in a 71-year-old woman who was successfully treated by an endoscopic polypectomy in our hospital. We also reviewed the published reports regarding cases of primary clear cell tumors in the colon.     

肾部分切除术对Ⅰ期局限性肾透明细胞癌患者预后的影响研究

背景　目前,T1a期局限性肾透明细胞癌（ccRCC）患者首选肾部分切除术（PN）,而对于T1b期局限性患者是否首选PN方案尚存在争议。目的　分析PN对Ⅰ期局限性ccRCC患者总体生存率（OS）和肿瘤特异生存率（CSS）的影响。方法　2020年4-5月申请获得监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）数据库使用权限并从数据库下载1975-2016年经病理诊断为Ⅰ期局限性ccRCC患者的临床病理资料（诊断年份、年龄、性别、人种、婚姻、肿瘤患侧性、病理分级、T分期、手术方式）,根据手术方式不同将患者分为PN组与根治性肾切除术（RN）组。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析Ⅰ期局限性ccRCC患者CSS的独立预后因素;采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨患者手术方式的影响因素;采用倾向性评分匹配法校正样本,Kaplan-Meier曲线和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析匹配前后两种手术方式对患者OS和CSS的影响。结果　单因素Cox比例风险回归模型结果显示,年龄、婚姻、病理分级、T分期、手术方式均是Ⅰ期局限性ccRCC患者CSS的预后因素（P<0.05）;多因素Cox比例风险回归模型结果显示,年龄、婚姻、病理分级、T分期、手术方式均是Ⅰ期局限性ccRCC患者CSS的独立预后因素（P<0.05）。在总体生存人群及肿瘤特异性生存人群中,两组T1b期局限性ccRCC患者诊断年份、年龄、肿瘤患侧性、病理分级比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,诊断年份、年龄、肿瘤患侧性、病理分级是T1b期局限性ccRCC患者手术方式的影响因素（P<0.05）。与RN相比,匹配前后的Kaplan-Meier曲线发现,PN对患者OS有益（P<0.05）,而对CSS无明显影响（P>0.05）;PSM调整后的多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析发现PN是患者OS独立保护因素（HR=0.695,P=0.009）,对CSS无明显影响（HR=0.804,P=0.301）。结论　基于患者的远期生存角度,在手术可行的情况下,建议Ⅰ期局限性ccRCC患者优先考虑PN治疗。     

Differential expression of ABCF2 protein among different histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer and in clear cell adenocarcinomas of different organs

Previously, we reported that ABCF2 protein expression is higher in clear cell than serous histotype of ovarian adenocarcinomas and that its expression correlates with chemoresponse in patients with clear cell ovarian cancer. In this study, we examined ABCF2 protein expression in mucinous, endometrioid, and poorly differentiated type of ovarian adenocarcinomas. In addition, ABCF2 expression was evaluated in clear cell adenocarcinomas derived from different organs. A total of 335 epithelial ovarian cancers, 23 clear cell adenocarcinomas of uterine corpus, and 34 clear cell adenocarcinomas of kidney were included in this study. ABCF2 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that cytoplasmic ABCF2 expression was significantly higher in clear cell-type ovarian cancer specimens compared with other types (P < .0001). There was a close relationship between nuclear ABCF2 expression levels and age of patients with clear cell ovarian cancer. Multivariate logistic regression model also demonstrated that cytoplasmic ABCF2 expression was associated with clear cell histology (odds ratio, 5.557; 95% confidence interval, 2.694-11.462; P < .0001). In addition, both clear cell adenocarcinomas of the ovary and the uterine corpus showed significantly higher levels of ABCF2 expression, compared with those of the clear cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney (P < .0001). These data suggest that ABCF2 protein may be a candidate marker for clear cell adenocarcinomas of the ovary and the uterine corpus and may be important for the pathogenesis of these diseases.