吗啡导致猕猴海马神经元自发放电节律转变

目的 分析吗啡对猕猴海马神经元自发放电节律的影响。方法 分析注射吗啡后猕猴海马神经元自发放电节律变化情况，并用数学方法加以验证。结果 在吗啡作用下海马神经元自发放电节律会发生转变，纳络酮可以逆转这种转变，共观察到种转变形式。为了研究这种转变的动力学机制，用数学模型模拟吗啡对神经元自发放电节律的影响，得到了与在体实验一致的结果。结论 在吗啡作用下海马神经自发放电节律发生转变。利用数学模型研究发现节律转变的原因是吗啡改变了膜上钠，钾，超极化电流等离子通道的功能所致，节律转变的过程存在着混沌规律。     

DIURNAL RHYTHM OF SERUM gM-SEMINOPROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH UNTREATED PROSTATE CANCER: COMPARISON OF THE ORIGINAL AND REVISED ASSAY KITS

To compare levels of y-seminoprotein (gM-Sm) assayed by original and revised assay systems, blood was obtained every 4 h over a 32-h period from 8 untreated prostate cancer patients. Serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) were also examined. In 6 patients, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the serum levels assayed by the revised assay was significantly different from that of the intra-assay samples. In contrast, the CV of the gM-Sm serum levels assayed by the original assay differed significantly from that of the intra-assay samples in only 2 patients. The fluctuations in gM-Sm assayed by the revised assay were, at least in part, similar to those of the PSA serum levels in all patients. The mean CV of the gM-Sm serum levels assayed by the revised assay was significantly larger than that for levels measured by the original assay. After treatment, the rate of decrease in gM-Sm serum levels determined by the original assay differed from that in the serum levels of PSA and prostatic acid phosphatase. These results indicate that the original assay for gM-Sm do not detect diurnal differences in serum gM-Sm levels, even at levels below 20 ng/ml. These observations indicate that the analysis of data obtained using the original gM-Sm kit should be interpreted with caution.     

Spontaneous circadian fluctuations of prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase serum activities in patients with prostatic cancer

Summary Spontaneous circadian variations of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay (RIA), were investigated by multiple sampling, over a 24-hour period, in 32 patients with prostatic cancer. In 29/32 patients (91%), the coefficient of variation of 24-hour values, for either marker, was greater than that of the RIA method at the same range of values; stage D patients showed the greatest spontaneous variability. Fluctuations around the mean of 24-hour values ranged from-65% to +85% for PAP, from-72% to +190% for PSA, occurring random and independently for each marker. Variability was about 20% greater for PSA than for PAP. The existence of spontaneous fluctuations should be considered in multiple marker evaluation of prostatic cancer patients.Preliminary results of this study have been presented at the International Symposium on Hormonal Therapy of Prostatic Diseases —Basic and Clinical Aspects, April 6–8, 1987, Milan, Italy     

144例脑血管意外患者死亡时间节律分析

目的　揭示脑血管意外死亡的年节律、月相节律以及昼夜节律 ,为临床及时防治提供时间依据。方法　采用流行病学调查方法收集资料 ,用 χ2 检验及圆形分布法来分析资料。结果　①脑出血死亡时间存在向上半夜集中的昼夜节律 ;②脑梗死死亡时间存在向冬季和下半夜集中的年节律和昼夜节律。结论　脑出血死亡存在昼夜节律 ,脑梗死死亡存在年节律和昼夜节律。     

不同时辰刺激大鼠的交叉上核对血浆中皮质酮含量的影响

应用拉丁方设计，在不同体重组的大鼠，于不同时辰，对交叉上核采取不同强度的刺激，用放射免疫法测定外周血中皮质酮的含量。其结果显示：各体重组间无显著性差异，不同时辰血浆皮质酮的平均含量各组呈现基本相同的节律性变化，无论何时辰刺激交叉上核使之兴奋，均可显著提高血浆皮质酮的含量。完全损毁交叉上核后７２小时血浆皮质酮含量和正常对照组无显著性差异，且其节律性也没有出现明显变化。     

Xenopus Tadpole Melanophores Are Controlled by Dark and Light and Melatonin Without Influence of Time of Day

Melanophores were studied in tadpoles of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis , during the first week after hatching (stages 46–49) at 25°C. The tadpoles had melanophores with dispersed melanosomes in the light and punctate melanophores in the dark in LD12:12. The melanophores remained punctate in constant dark and the melanosomes remained dispersed in constant light. Lights-out (in the light-time of LD12:12) caused the melanophores to become punctate, which occurred more quickly than the dispersion of melanosomes, which commenced when the lights were turned on (in the dark-time of LD12:12). Melanophores with dispersed melanosomes in tadpoles (in constant light) became punctate in response to a series of melatonin concentrations (0.2–5 ng/ml) in their bathing water irrespective of the time of day melatonin was administered. An image-analysis technique for assessing melanophore responses was tested.     

右归饮择时使用对肾阳虚大鼠生长激素昼夜节律的影响

目的　探讨右归饮择时用药在肾阳虚证治疗中的意义。　方法　采用放免法 ,以肾阳虚大鼠血清生长激素为指标 ,观察右归饮择时用药的疗效。结果　右归饮择时用药对肾阳虚大鼠症状的改善有一定作用 ,并以卯时用药效果较好。结论　右归饮治疗肾阳虚证应当提倡择时用药。     

重度充血性心力衰竭患者心率和每搏输出量的凌晨分离现象研究

目的 研究重度充血性心力衰竭患者血流动力学的昼夜节律改变.方法 选择2005年12月至2006年6月在南京中医药大学无锡附属医院心内科住院的重度充血性心力衰竭患者120例为心衰组,同期门诊体检的无心血管疾病者20名为对照组,采用生物阻抗法每小时1次动态监测心率(HR)和每搏输出量(SV).结果 心衰组与对照组HR、SV均存在昼夜节律,但分布规律存在差异,心衰组HR明显快于对照组(P＜0.5),而SV明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);对照组HR与SV呈正相关(P＜0.01),而心衰组HR与SV总体上也呈正相关(P＜0.01),但在凌晨100～400之间,两组HR与SV分布曲线明显不同,心衰组HR与SV分布曲线出现分离现象,HR下降而SV上升,呈负相关(P＜0.01),而同时段的对照组HR与SV则仍呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 重度充血性心力衰竭患者HR和SV分布的昼夜节律受损,在凌晨100～400之间,HR与SV分布趋势存在分离现象.     

Hippocampal EEG responses induced by carbachol and atropine infusions into the septum and the hippocampus in the urethane-anaesthetized rat

Infusion of 1 μg of carbachol, a potent cholinergic agonist, into the lateral septum of the urethane-anaesthetized rat systematically caused the induction of clear-cut hippocampal theta (θ). However, infusion of an equivalent amount of the drug into the hippocampus, close to the recording electrode, failed to induce θ in 50% of the animals and produced a mixture of θ waves and desynchronized activity, resulting in atypical EEG patterns, in the remaining subjects. Both carbachol EEG effects were blocked by intraseptal infusion of the antimuscarinic agent, atropine. Our data demontrate that muscarinic receptors in the septum are predominent sites for cholinergic agonist-antagonist action capable of generating or suppressing hippocampal θ in the rat. They also indicate that intraseptal cholinergic mechanisms play an important role in the initiation and generation of this rhythm.     

Dose dependent effects of S-20098, a melatonin agonist,on direction of re-entrainment of rat circadian activity rhythms

The chronobiotic properties of melatonin are well documented. For example, following an 8-h phase advance of the light-dark cycle daily injections of melatonin administered at the pre-shift dark onset alter the direction of re-entrainment of rat activity rhythms. Using this 8-h phase advance paradigm, the effects of the melatonin agonist S-20098 (1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) on the rat circadian system were compared with those of melatonin. S-20098 altered the direction of reentrainment in the same manner as melatonin. A study using lower doses of S-20098 showed that the effect on direction of re-entrainment was dose-dependent, with 100% of rats responding at a dose of 100 µg/kg. S-20098 may, therefore, have therapeutic potential as a chronobiotic in the treatment of circadian disorders in humans.