普鲁布考等药物对溶血磷脂酰胆碱引起的牛脑基底动脉条收缩的影响

目的 :研究溶血磷脂酰胆碱 (L PC)对牛脑基底动脉条收缩的影响及普罗布考等药物的保护作用。方法 :通过描记基底动脉条的张力变化 ,测定 L PC对基底动脉条收缩的影响。结果 :L PC能剂量依赖性 (1× 10 - 9～ 1× 10 - 5 mol/ L )促进基底动脉条收缩 ,在 1× 10 - 5 mol/ L时 ,收缩达最大 ,为 (15 1.0± 18.4) %。当用 Triton X- 10 0 (0 .1% )破坏血管内皮层后 ,L PC诱导的血管收缩作用消失。银杏叶提取物 (EGb)、普罗布考 (Pro)和维生素 E(Vit E)能剂量依赖性地减弱 L PC诱导的牛脑基底动脉条收缩。 结论 :药物 EGb,Pro和 Vit E能拮抗 L PC诱导的牛脑基底动脉条收缩。     

正交试验法优选银翘解毒软胶囊的水煮提取工艺

采用Ｌ９（３＾４）正交设计,以浸膏得率,正丁醇浸出率,绿原酸含量为考察指标,优选银翘解毒软胶囊的水煮提取工艺。结果表明：最佳提取工艺为首次加１０倍量水,浸泡３０ｍｉｎ,煎煮２ｈ,第２次加８倍量水,煎煮１．５ｈ。     

银杏叶浓缩口服液药理作用的研究

目的：探索银杏叶浓缩口服液（缩写Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｌ）的抗脑缺氧、抗脑缺血药理作用。方法以生理盐水组为空白对照,进行药理实验方法的平行比较研究。结果Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｌ能延长断头小鼠张口喘息时间及ＫＣＮ所致小鼠翻身反射消失时间,可降低结扎两侧颈总动脉所致脑缺血大鼠脑水份的含量,能抑制大鼠脑组织中过氧化脂质的生成。结论提示该口服液具有抗脑缺氧、抗脑缺血及改善脑循环的作用。     

Children's Health and the Environment—The First Herbert L. Needleman Award Lecture

Children today are exposed extensively to toxins in the environment. Prominent among these are exposures to over 70,000 synthetic chemicals, all newly developed in the past 50 years and largely untested for their hazards to children's health. Children are uniquely vulnerable to toxins, and with increasing incidence they are developing chronic, disabling, life-threatening diseases known or suspected to be of environmental origin–asthma, endocrine disruption, cancer, and the diseases caused by tobacco. Pediatricians need to consider toxic etiologies in the differential diagnosis of childhood illness.     

Comparison of measured and FTC-predicted nicotine uptake in smokers

Cigarette smokers have a wide variety of tar and nicotine yields to choose from in the current market, ranging from 0.5 mg tar and less than 0.05 mg nicotine to 27 mg tar and 1.8 mg nicotine by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) method. To understand better the relationship between FTC nicotine yields and actual nicotine uptake in smokers, we have studied nicotine uptake in 33 smokers of self-selected products representing four tar groupings: 1 mg tar (1 MG), ultra-low tar (ULT), full-flavor low tar (FFLT), and full flavor (FF) cigarettes. These cigarette categories had mean FTC nicotine yields of 0.14, 0.49, 0.67, and 1.13 mg/cigarette, respectively. The subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette ad libitum and provided a 24-h urine sample for total nicotine uptake analysis over a period during which the number of cigarettes smoked was recorded. Nicotine uptake was determined by monitoring urinary nicotine and its metabolites, including the glucuronide conjugates. Daily nicotine uptake was 9.1±7.3 mg (range 1–21 mg) for 1 MG, 19.2±10.0 mg (range 4–42 mg) for ULT, 21.8±9.4 mg (range 13–38 mg) for FFLT, and 37.1±14.4 mg (range 21–60 mg) for FF smokers. On a per cigarette basis, yields were 0.23±0.11, 0.56±0.23, 0.60±0.18, and 1.19±0.43 mg nicotine, respectively. Although individual variability was fairly large (CVs of 0.39–0.80), means for the different groups showed that lower FTC yield smokers not only absorb less nicotine per 24-h period, but also per cigarette smoked. These data suggest that nicotine uptake is a function of individual smoking behavior within product design limits. We conclude from these data that, while FTC yield cannot precisely predict nicotine uptake for an individual smoker, it is useful in predicting and comparing actual nicotine uptake by smokers who select cigarettes with a particular FTC yield.     

黑河上蔡段河水及饮用水的致突变性

目的：探讨黑河上蔡段癌症高发区河水及饮用水的致突变性。方法：采集严重污染的黑河河水及沿岸浅井水分别进行以下试验。①用ＸＡＤⅡ树脂提取各水样中的有机提取物作为待测样品,以呋喃基康酰胺和叠氮钠作阳性对照,以自发回变率为阴性对照,用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌属ＴＡ９８ 、ＴＡ１００ 菌株进行Ａｍｅｓ 试验。以突变比ＭＲ 值评价试验结果。②松滋青皮蚕豆温浸芽约２ ｃｍ ,分别取３ ～４ 粒放入不同水样中处理,同时以蒸馏水、郑州市自来水作阴性对照,环磷酰胺（１ ｍｇ／Ｌ） 作阳性对照进行微核试验。显微镜下观察根尖细胞微核数,统计微核千分率（ＭＣＮ‰） 。结果：①河水有机提取物对ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００ 菌株均可诱发阳性回变;②沿岸浅井水有机提取物能诱发ＴＡ９８菌株的阳性回变;③河水、井水均可致蚕豆根尖细胞微核率（ＭＣＮ‰） 明显增高。④浅井水和河水的致突变性及毒性（ 抑菌圈直径大小） 基本相同。结论：①由于浅井水和河水的致突变性及毒性基本相同,故浅井水中的致突变物质可能来源于河水的水平渗透;②沿岸居民癌症高发与河水污染的潜在致癌性有密切关系,应予以高度重视     

中草药在光合细菌开发中的应用

在培养基中添加一定浓度的木瓜,栝楼,女贞子,郁金等中草药的浸提液,可明显促进光合细菌的生长,其中以栝楼的效果最明显。某些中草药除本身有一定的抑菌作用外,不对光合细菌的抑菌作用有一定程度的提高。指出在水产养殖等实际应用中,添加某些中草药既能促进光合细菌的生长,又可增强其抑制其它细菌生长的能力。     

烟溶液与温石棉对细胞增殖活性的影响

目的　探讨香烟烟雾溶液与温石棉单独及联合作用对细胞增殖活性的影响。方法　将人胚肺（ Ｈ Ｅ Ｌ） 成纤维细胞用不同浓度的烟溶液和温石棉单独及联合作用一定时间后,应用［３ Ｈ］ Ｔｄ Ｒ参入法测定了细胞的增殖能力。结果　低剂量的烟溶液与温石棉单独作用时均可促进细胞的增殖,但较高剂量的烟溶液和温石棉则可抑制细胞的增殖;当二者联合作用时,低剂量的烟溶液与温石棉可协同增加细胞的增殖,而较高剂量的烟溶液与温石棉则只表现为相加作用。结论　烟溶液与温石棉单独及联合作用均可影响 Ｈ Ｅ Ｌ细胞的增殖活性,但其促增殖和抑制增殖能力则随剂量不同而不同。     

银杏叶提取液对大鼠血脂水平的影响

银杏树,我国特有,其果、叶应用早在《本草纲目》、《神农本草》就有记载,现代医学表明,从银杏叶中提取分离的黄酮类和萜内酯类等成分治疗冠心病、脑血栓和清除自由基有显著效果［１～３］。本研究按照《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法》［４］进行检测,以了解银杏叶提取液对大鼠血脂水平的影响。１　材　料　与　方　法１．１　受试物　　银杏叶提取液,为淡棕色液体,仙居县卫生局提供,主要含黄酮成分,其中主要活性成分类黄酮占２４％、萜内酯约占６％。１．２　试剂及仪器　　胆固醇测定试剂盒、酶法甘油三脂测定试剂盒由宁波市…     

研究中学男生吸烟与其他危害健康问题的相互作用

目的：研究吸烟青少年与其他危害健康行为情绪的关系。方法：采用无记名问卷调查1358名中学男生吸烟状况以及其他危害行为,同时评定了焦虑、抑郁症状。结果：中学男生近一个月吸烟率、每日吸烟率分别为14．9％和5．8％,成瘾学生3．8％。Logistic回归分析表明,饮酒、打架斗殴、携带防身刀具、不健康的控制体重行为、学习成绩落后,以及抑郁症状与吸烟有影响。结论：吸烟行为与其他危害健康行为互为关联。