鼻内法鼻泪管阻塞切除术

本文介绍了鼻内法鼻泪管逆行切除术的切除器制备、应用器械、手术方法及术后处理。并应用本法治疗慢性泪囊炎１０６例１１３眼，术后随访１￣５年，痊愈９３．８％，无效６．２％。     

开颅术后张力性气颅

报告１９８８年１２月～１９９２年１２月开颅术后张力性气颅５例，男４，女１．５例中３例治愈，２例死亡。开颅术后张力性气颅产生的主要原因是颅内占位性病变切除后，脑脊液丢失，使颅内压降低，甚至呈负压状态，外界的气体从切口进入颅内的腔隙，ＣＴ扫描或颅骨Ｘ线平片可以确定诊断，钻孔置管排气是活疗张力性气颅的有效方法，作者探讨了预防此种并发症发生的措施。     

抗心磷脂抗体定性定量方法在抗磷脂综合征疗效评价中的应用

目的探讨抗磷脂综合征(APS)患者治疗前后的抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)的定性定量水平及其对妊娠结局的影响,比较ACA定量与定性的准确性和灵敏度。方法对我院门诊APS孕妇40例,用定性定量方法监测治疗前后ACA的变化及对治疗后妊娠结局的影响。结果(1)定量方法检测治疗前的ACA-IgG和ACA-IgM滴度分别为(67.63±2.53)U和(49.40±3.64)U;治疗后的ACA-IgG和ACA-IgM滴度分别为(23.87±1.54)U和(21.60±2.59)U,两者比较,治疗后的ACA滴度水平显著低于治疗前水平(P<0.01)。定性方法检测APS孕妇,治疗后ACA转阴率为75%。(2)40例孕妇经治疗均娩出正常新生儿,ACA定量转阴组的妊娠并发症发生率(0.6%)较未转阴组(14.3%)显著降低(P<0.01)。ACA定性定量同时阴性组的妊娠并发症发生率(0.9%)较定性阴性而定量阳性组(7.1%)显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)治疗后30例孕妇ACA定性转阴,但其ACA-IgG和ACA-IgM滴度分别为(27.63±6.05)和(20.13±5.60)U/ml。结论ACA定性与定量均能准确有效的监测ACA水平,反映疗效及预测预后;ACA定量是一种较定性更准确灵敏的诊断监测方法。     

胆道穿孔的诊治体会

目的探讨胆道穿孔的病因、诊断及处理措施。方法对1985-2003年收治的41例胆道穿孔病例进行回顾性分析。结果41例均行手术治疗，2例死亡，其余均治愈。结论胆道在感染和梗阻情况下容易发生胆道穿孔，胆囊疾病合并胆管疾病并发感染时易发生胆囊穿孔，治疗胆道穿孔应根据病变和其并发症采用不同的手术治疗措施。     

Gadolinium-based balloon angioplasty for pulmonary artery stenosis in an infant with a right isomerism.

We report here the first described case of utilizing gadolinium-based contrast material as the contrast agent during a catheter intervention treatment for pulmonary artery stenosis. The patient, a male infant with complex heart disease associated with a right isomerism, had a history of severe allergic reaction to iodine-containing contrast agents. A combination of digital subtraction angiography and a gadolinium contrast agent, however, provided us with good-quality images both before and after balloon angioplasty without any associated complications. This method should therefore be considered as an alternative angiographic procedure in children with a high risk of iodine-related allergic complications.     

M_2和β_1受体抗体与慢性肺源性心脏病关系的实验研究

目的用缺氧方法制备的肺源性心脏病(肺心病)大鼠为对象,研究肺心病中M2和β1受体抗体的含量及其与疾病的关系。方法选取健康雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为3组:单纯缺氧组,缺氧加注射FeCl3组,健康对照组。SA-酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测血清M2和β1受体抗体变化。最后处死大鼠观察心脏指标,并分析它与抗体滴度的相关性。结果血清中M2和β1受体抗体随缺氧时间延长而升高,滴度分别到第3周达高峰M2受体抗体为1∶80(单纯缺氧组)和1∶53(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),β1受体抗体为1∶60(单纯缺氧组)和1∶45(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),并且P/N值从第2周开始有阳性意义,到第3周同样达高峰M2和β1受体抗体分别为2.88(单纯缺氧组)、2.76(缺氧加注射FeCl3组)和3.25(单纯缺氧组)、3.99(缺氧加注射FeCl3组)。而肺心病大鼠心脏指标最终改变为R/(L+S)0.333±0.027(单纯缺氧组),0.348±0.033(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),R/BW×10-30.58±0.13(单纯缺氧组),0.60±0.15(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),(L+S)/BW×10-32.000±0.024(单纯缺氧组),2.081±0.037(缺氧加注射FeCl3组),并且抗体滴度与心脏改变呈正相关。结论M2和β1受体抗体阳性率及抗体滴度在大鼠肺心病模型中明显增高,表明肺心病的发生发展与M2和β1受体的自身抗体密切相关。     

Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiodrainage as Rescue Therapy for Symptomatic Biliary Leakage Without Biliary Tract Dilation After Major Surgery

Symptomatic biliary leakage following major upper abdominal surgery is a severe complication resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment options usually include either endoscopic intervention or surgical revision. These options may be burdened by a high perioperative risk for the patient (e.g., patients with severe disease) or simply may not be possible (e.g., nonpreserved gastroduodenal passage). In the past, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage did only seem to be a viable option for patients with dilated bile ducts. Here, we present our experience in a consecutive series of patients with symptomatic biliary leakage following major upper abdominal surgery and without dilation of the biliary system that underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage was feasible in 15 of 18 patients (83.3%). The procedure was technically not possible in three patients (16.7%). In 10 of the 15 patients (66.6%) with feasible percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage, biliary leakage was definitely controlled without the need for surgical revision. Depending on the experience with the interventional procedure, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage should be considered as an alternative for treatment of symptomatic biliary leakage instead of immediate reoperation. Presented at the Digestive Disease Week 2005 (DDW), Chicago, IL, May 14–19, 2005 (poster presentation).     

恩必普软胶囊改善慢性脑供血不足患者认知功能的临床分析

目的:探讨dl-3-正丁基苯酞软胶囊(恩必普软胶囊)治疗慢性脑供血不足的临床疗效及对慢性脑供血不足病人认知功能改善的影响。方法:将60例慢性脑供血不足病人随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组口服dl-3-正丁基苯酞软胶囊,每次200毫克,每日3次;对照组口服复方丹参片,每次4片,每日3次,疗程为8周,治疗前后进行疗效评价和P300数据采样,同时给予同步MMSE、HDS量表评分。结果:治疗组总有效率为70%,对照组总有效率为53.3%,2组治疗后比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗前、后MMSE和HDS量表得分情况比较,均有明显改善(P<0.01),与对照组治疗后比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗前、后P300波潜伏期及P300波幅差异均有显著意义(P<0.05),与对照组治疗后比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:dl-3-正丁基苯酞软胶囊对慢性脑供血不足病人安全有效。     

An animal model of chronic inflammatory pain: pharmacological and temporal differentiation from acute models.

Clinically, inflammatory pain is far more persistent than that typically modelled pre-clinically, with the majority of animal models focussing on short-term effects of the inflammatory pain response. The large attrition rate of compounds in the clinic which show pre-clinical efficacy suggests the need for novel models of, or approaches to, chronic inflammatory pain if novel mechanisms are to make it to the market. A model in which a more chronic inflammatory hypersensitivity phenotype is profiled may allow for a more clinically predictive tool. The aims of these studies were to characterise and validate a chronic model of inflammatory pain. We have shown that injection of a large volume of adjuvant to the intra-articular space of the rat knee results in a prolonged inflammatory pain response, compared to the response in an acute adjuvant model. Additionally, this model also results in a hypersensitive state in the presence and absence of inflammation. A range of clinically effective analgesics demonstrate activity in this chronic model, including morphine (3mg/kg, t.i.d.), dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.i.d.), ibuprofen (30mg/kg, t.i.d.), etoricoxib (5mg/kg, b.i.d.) and rofecoxib (0.3-10mg/kg, b.i.d.). A further aim was to exemplify the utility of this chronic model over the more acute intra-plantar adjuvant model using two novel therapeutic approaches; NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonism and iNOS inhibition. Our data shows that different effects were observed with these therapies when comparing the acute model with the model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. These data suggest that the chronic model may be more relevant to identifying mechanisms for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states in the clinic.     

远隔性小脑出血

远隔性小脑出血极为罕见，可见于多种类型的神经外科手术，一般出现在手术远隔部位，多分布于单侧或双侧小脑沟、蚓部，小脑上部出血也较为多见。远隔性小脑出血总体预后良好，病死率约为10％～15％。