Differential enhancement of collagen crosslink excretion in cases of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma

Hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) are markers of collagen absorption and LP is specific for collagen type I in bone. In the present study we evaluated the concentration of HP and LP in urine of patients with osteosarcoma (n=20; age range 16–49 years) and chondrosarcoma (n=15; age range 18–70 years). The values were compared with those obtained from 74 healthy controls (age range 16–83 years). The range and upper limit of normal values (HP_max and LP_max) were measured in our control group. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine concentrations of HP and LP (nmol/mmol creatinine). The average urinary HP concentrations were significantly increased in patients with osteosarcoma (p=0.001) and chondrosarcoma (p<0.001), whereas HP remained within the normal range in approximately half of the patients. The average urinary LP concentrations were not increased in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma patients as compared with the control group. Further studies in a large group of patients are necessary to evaluate whether HP might be a valuable marker of prognosis, and if its urinary concentration can be correlated to tumour burden.     

伽玛刀治疗颅内软骨肉瘤四例报道及文献回顾

目的 探讨伽玛刀放射外科治疗颅内软骨肉瘤的临床疗效. 方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学第二医院神经外科伽玛刀中心自2004年11月至2012年1月收治的4例软骨肉瘤患者诊治过程.4例患者均行手术切除并经病理证实,其中男1例,女3例;年龄26～36岁,平均31.3岁.肿瘤体积0.6～25.4 cm3,平均13.8 cm3;边缘剂量15～20 Gy,平均17.3 Gy;中心剂量30～40 Gy,平均35 Gy;靶点数4～19个,平均10个.本组随访时间5～28个月,平均14.5个月. 结果 1例左侧乳突及颈静脉孔区患者及1例鞍区患者治疗后分别随访19个月、9个月,肿瘤未见增大,生存良好;1例右侧眶颅沟通患者随访28个月后复发,后两次行手术治疗,效果不佳,于伽玛刀治疗后56个月死亡;1例左侧鞍旁患者治疗后5个月肿瘤复发,伴脑积水,随后失访.4例均未出现任何与伽玛刀治疗相关的并发症. 结论 伽玛刀治疗定位精确度高,疗效可靠且对周围组织损伤小,可作为术后残留软骨肉瘤辅助治疗方法.     

Outcomes and patterns of care in adult skull base chondrosarcomas from the SEER database

This study aims to demonstrate survival rates and treatment patterns among patients with chondrosarcomas of the skull base using a large population database. Patients with skull base chondrosarcomas between 1973 and 2009 were identified from the USA Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to examine the effect of surgery and radiation on overall survival. We identified 226 patients with skull base chondrosarcomas. Median follow-up was 5.4 years. Median overall survival was 22 years, and 10 year survival was 68.2%. Most patients underwent surgery (92.5%). Few received radiation after diagnosis (38.1%). Ten year survival for all patients treated with surgery was significantly increased compared to those without surgery (69.3% versus 53.9%, p = 0.02). There was a significant difference in survival amongst treatment groups (p = 0.02), with median overall survival not yet reached for patients who received surgery and radiation (median follow-up 5.3 years), compared to 22 years for non-irradiated surgical patients. Surgery predicted better overall survival by univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.420, p = 0.03). Female sex (HR 0.470, p = 0.011), younger age at diagnosis (HR 1.046, p < 0.0001), and later year of diagnosis (HR 0.949, p = 0.0006) were prognostic of improved survival in a multivariate model. In subgroup analysis of patients with documented tumor size, smaller tumor size (HR 1.054, p = 0.0003) and younger age (HR 1.021, p = 0.0067) predicted improved survival. This population based study further reaffirms the role of surgery as an effective treatment for skull base chondrosarcoma as previously reported in small case series. Adjuvant radiation may also confer survival benefit. Optimal treatment strategy has yet to be defined in the literature.     

Cor pulmonale due to embolization of metastatic chondrosarcoma

Summary A 25-year-old woman with acute dyspnea was found to have nodular shadows in a chest X-ray film. Multiple defects in a perfusion scan indicated pulmonary embolization. The cause of acute cor pulmonale was extensive metastatic embolization from chondrosarcoma of the calf. Embolization by metastasis as a rare occurrence resulting in acute cor pulmonale should be considered in patients with a malignant tumor.     

Primary Laryngeal Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma: Report of a Case and Literature Review

We present an example of clear cell chondrosarcoma (CCC) arising in the thyroid cartilage, and review the literature regarding this neoplasm in the larynx. This patient has no evidence of disease 3 years post hemilaryngectomy. Although rare and morphologically distinct, CCC follows the same benign clinical course as conventional laryngeal chondrosarcoma.     

整块切除与分块切除治疗骶骨软骨肉瘤的预后分析

目的 :比较不同手术方式对骶骨软骨肉瘤患者预后的影响。方法 :回顾性分析1999年10月~2012年12月间收治的38例骶骨软骨肉瘤患者的临床资料,男20例,女18例;平均年龄42.5岁。除1例骶骨间叶型软骨肉瘤患者放弃治疗外,余37例患者均接受手术治疗,其中12例患者接受整块切除手术,25例患者接受分块切除手术。将术后出现肿瘤局部复发或远处转移定义为疾病进展并计算其发生率;应用Kaplan-Meier法测算术后生存率、无病生存率;应用Log-rank检验对手术方式与术后生存期、无病生存期的关系进行分析;应用χ2检验比较不同手术方式术后并发症发生率;应用独立样本t检验比较不同手术方式的术中出血量。结果:研究共纳入34例具有完整随访资料的骶骨软骨肉瘤患者,随访时间平均29.7个月(4~136个月),至末次随访时共12例死亡(35.3%),19例复发(58.8%),1例发生转移(2.94%)。应用Kaplan-Meier法测算术后总生存期平均为87.0±11.3个月,术后1年、2年、5年总生存率分别为82.2%、68.6%和59.4%;无病生存期平均为48.5±11.8个月,术后1年、2年、5年无病生存率分别为52.6%、48.6%和25.5%。整块切除组与分块切除组的疾病进展发生率分别为27.3%和73.9%。整块切除能够更有效地改善骶骨软骨肉瘤患者的无病生存率(P<0.05),其术后并发症发生率以及术中出血量与分块切除相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:与分块切除比较,整块切除能够有效改善骶骨软骨肉瘤患者的预后,同时其手术安全性亦令人满意,可作为骶骨软骨肉瘤患者的首选手术方式。     

白藜芦醇通过PI3K/Akt通路及线粒体途径抑制软骨肉瘤

 目的：探讨白藜芦醇抑制软骨肉瘤的机制及对线粒体途径和PI3K/Akt通路的影响。方法：SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞培养至对数生长期后设对照组和白藜芦醇处理组,药物处理组用25、50和100 μmol/L白藜芦醇处理24 h、48 h或72 h。采用CCK8法检测SW1353软骨肉瘤细胞的活力,Hoechst 33258荧光染色观察细胞凋亡,Western blotting检测activated caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax、Akt和p-Akt蛋白在细胞中表达情况,细胞划痕实验观察细胞迁移情况。结果：白藜芦醇处理后细胞活力下降,呈时间-剂量依赖性（P<0.01）。Hoechst  33258染色检测可见药物处理组有明显的细胞凋亡核象。Western blotting检测显示药物处理组activated caspase-3和Bax蛋白表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白和p-Akt蛋白表达下调,总Akt改变不显著。细胞划痕试验显示,白藜芦醇能显著抑制SW1353细胞的迁移。结论：白藜芦醇能够诱导软骨肉瘤凋亡,部分是通过线粒体途径及PI3K/Akt信号通路发挥作用。