覆膜自膨式金属支架治疗恶性食管气管瘘

目的 探讨覆膜金属支架治疗恶性食管气管瘘的效果及并发症。方法 在Ｘ线引导下１４例食管气管瘘用国产覆膜支架治疗,门诊行食管造影或电话随访。结果 除１例瘘口封堵不全外,其余１３例瘘口完全封堵,未发生因操作引起的并发症。８例进普食,６例进半流食,１２例肺部感染得到控制。并发症：严重胸痛３例,支架移位致瘘再开放１例,颈动脉及左侧喉返神经受压致头晕及咽麻痹各１例。８例病人死亡,术后生存时间１．４～１２个月,     

Use of a pericardial fat pad flap for preventing bronchopleural fistula: An experimental study focusing on the angiogenesis and cytokine production of the fat pad

An experimental study was conducted to determine whether pericardial fat tissue could induce neovascularization and produce cytokines related to tissue repair. Neovascularization was examined using chick chorioallantoic membranes. Pieces of pericardial fat tissue, omentum, and intercostal muscle were individually placed on a number of chorioallantoic membranes and neovascularization induced by each material was assayed 6 days after the implantation. The intensity of neovascularization was in the order of pericardial fat omentum > muscle. Cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and , tumor necrosis factor- (TNF), interferon- (IFN-), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assayed in a culture supernatant of pericardial fat tissue. The latter was obtained 24h after the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following various incubation times. All cytokines other than IFN are known to play a part in tissue repair, whereas IFN is negatively related to tissue repair because it inhibits fibroblast growth. The pericardial fat tissue incubated with LPS produced a certain amount of IL-1 on day 1, and TNF on days 1 and 8, whereafter these values decreased to an undetectable level. Irrespective of the addition of LPS, a large amount of IL-6 was observed in the supernatant of pericardial fat tissue and it was detectable until day 29. On the contrary, INF was not detected at any assay time. These observations suggest that a pericardial fat pad flap could possibly be beneficial in the prevention of bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resection.     

食管异物致主动脉食管瘘

目的：提高对食管异物主动脉食管瘘的早期诊断率;方法：报告一例食管异物致主动脉食管瘘并复习文献,对其发现机理、临床表现、诊断、治疗进行分析;结果：由于临床对本病缺乏足够认识,虽经积极治疗,但本例患者死亡;结论：主动脉食管瘘预后极差,对食管异物患者,出现呕血时,应考虑本病。早期手术治疗或可挽救患者生命。     

Biliary–enteric fistulas: report of five cases and review of the literature

Internal biliary fistulas (IBF) are seen rarely. Because the symptoms and signs of IBF are not specific and the diagnosis is not suspected, these patients are commonly investigated with plain abdominal films (PAF), ultrasonography (US), upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS), barium enema (BE), and computed tomography (CT), but not always with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The purposes of this article are (a) to attract attention of radiologists to presumptive findings of IBF, so as not to misdiagnose this unsuspected and rare disease, and (b) review of the literature while presenting radiologic features of our cases. Five cases of IBFs in which extrahepatic biliary tree communicating with duodenum (four cases) and colon (one case) are reported. Diagnostic work-up of cases were done by PAF, US, UGIS, BE, and CT. Aerobilia, which cannot be explained using other means, ectopic gallstone and small bowel dilatation, nonvisualization of the gallbladder despite no history of cholecystectomy, and thick-walled shrunken gallbladder adherent to neighboring organs were suggestive findings of IBF in our study. Knowledge of imaging findings suggestive of IBF and a high index of suspicion increase the diagnostic rate of IBFs. Received: 4 June 1998; Revision received: 28 July 1998; Accepted: 14 October 1998     

Successful treatment of tracheomalacia associated with esophageal atresia without a tracheoesophageal fistula by aortopexy: Report of a case

Tracheomalacia (TM) is well known as a complication associated with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF); however, the occurrence of TM requiring surgical treatment in a patient having EA without a tracheoesophageal fistula has never been reported. We describe herein a rare case of TM associated with EA without TEF. Respiratory distress was caused by compression of the trachea by a severely dilated upper esophageal pouch with weakness of the tracheal wall. Aortopexy was performed, and an excellent postoperative result was achieved.     

Narrowing the embryologic window of the adriamycin-induced fetal rat model of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

We recently reported on a new fetal rat model of esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) induced by prenatal exposure to adriamycin (1.75 mg/kg i. p. injected daily to the pregnant dam from the 6th to 9th gestational days). With this treatment regime, many fetuses were resorbed and the number of associated malformations was very high. The present study demonstrates that similar doses of the drug administered only on the 8th and 9th gestational days allow higher fetal survival (9.7 3.9 vs. 6.8 4.7 fetuses per litter, P < 0.01) with a similar incidence of EA-TEF (41.2% vs. 56.4%, n. s.) and decreased occurence of associated anorectal and genitourinary malformations. Since this model is an instrument for further investigation of the disturbed cellular and morphogenetic events leading to EA and TEF, the narrowing of the embryologic window obtained by the present study will allow better focusing of the research on the critical period of time involved.     

Completely covered cloacal exstrophy: recognition of a new clinical sub-entity

A case showing many of the typical visceral features of cloacal exstrophy is reported. The patient had fn imperforate anus, a cecal-cloacal fistula, dehiscence of the pubiic symphysis, and lumbosacral spina bifida with synsingomyelia, but the lower abdominal wall was intact without any visceral extroversion. The pertinent literature was reviewed, and it was found that this case corresponded to t typical case of completely covered cloacal exstrophy. Only six cases, including the present one, have so far been reported in the literature. From a clinical viewpoint, it apparently occupies an intermediate position in the wide spectrum of cloacal anomalies between classical cloacal exstrophy and imperforate anus with recto-cloacal fistula, but anatomatically and embryologically it is definitely a variant of cloacal exstrophy. In other words, it looks like an imperforate anus with recto-cloacal exstrophy, but should be treated as a variant of loacal exstrophy. The anatomy, classification, embryology, diagnosis, and management of this peculiar surgical condition are discussed, and recognition of this entity is urged.     

全喉切除术后早期经口进食的临床观察

目的 :对喉癌、梨状窝癌行全喉切除术后早期经口进食进行可行性研究。方法 :42例行全喉切除术的患者 (其中喉癌 34例 ,梨状窝癌 8例 )随机分为两组 :观察组 2 1例 ,术后 48～ 72h经口进食 ;对照组 2 1例 ,按常规 10～ 12d经口进食。结果 :观察组咽瘘发生率为 4.8%(1/ 2 1) ,对照组为 9.5 %(2 / 2 1) ,两者差异无显著性意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ;观察组术后平均住院天数较对照组明显缩短。结论 :术前未行放疗的喉癌、梨状窝癌患者行全喉切除术后 48～ 72h经口进食是安全可行的。     

经直肠手术治疗女童后天性直肠前庭瘘91例

目的 总结经直肠修补女童后天性直肠前庭瘘的手术经验。方法 回顾性分析9l例经直肠修补后天性直肠前庭瘘患儿的临床资料。结果 术后痊愈85例，手术成功率93．4％。结论 经直肠修补女童直肠前庭瘘是简单、可靠的手术方法。     

预防肺泡胸膜漏临床分析（附110例恶性肺肿瘤肺叶切除）

目的 探讨恶性肺肿瘤行肺叶切除后影响住院时间的因素。方法 研究分析1995年11月至2002年10月我科收治的110例恶性肺肿瘤行肺叶切除患者的临床病理资料，相关因素数值化后，以Logistic回归分析得到对住院时间影响较大的因素。结果 术后并发症气胸和术前肺功能指标第一秒用力呼气量(FEVl)是较大的影响住院时间因素。结论 提高术前肺功能储备及预防术后气胸的发生是缩短住院时间的关键。