儿童哮喘血清胱抑素C和体液免疫功能指标变化及其与肺炎支原体感染的相关性研究

目的 探究哮喘儿童血清胱抑素C(CysC)、体液免疫功能指标变化及其与肺炎支原体(MP)感染的相关性,为哮喘的治疗提供依据。 方法 以2017年9月—2020年6月在苏州市第九人民医院和吴江区儿童医院治疗的哮喘儿童95例为研究组,并以同期健康体检儿童63例为对照组。比较两组血清CysC水平、体液免疫功能指标[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)]及MP感染率;将哮喘患儿分为重症组及轻症组,比较血清CysC水平、体液免疫功能指标及MP感染率,分析MP感染与CysC水平、体液免疫功能指标的相关性,并分析各指标及联合检测对哮喘严重程度的评估价值;检测所有受试者的肺功能指标,根据MP感染情况将哮喘患儿分为MP感染组及未感染组,比较两组及对照组的肺功能指标。 结果 研究组CysC、IgM水平及MP感染率高于对照组(t=9.942、2.880,χ² =10.914,P<0.05),研究组IgA、IgG水平低于对照组(t=10.289、7.968,P<0.05);患儿CysC、IgM水平与MP感染呈正相关(r=0.170、0.183,P<0.05),IgG水平与MP感染呈负相关(r=-0.254,P<0.05);重症组CysC、IgM水平及MP感染率高于轻症组(t=3.695、2.090,χ²=18.459,P<0.05),IgA、IgG水平低于轻症组(t=3.016、3.192,P<0.05),血清CysC水平、IgA、IgG、IgM水平及MP感染联合检测对哮喘严重程度的AUC高于单独检测(Z=2.018、2.899、2.068、3.094、2.799,P<0.05);MP感染组用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒最大呼气量(FEV₁)、FEV₁/FVC值小于未感染组(t=2.437、2.597、2.261,P<0.05)。 结论 哮喘患儿存在血清CysC水平及体液免疫功能异常的现象,并且血清CysC水平、体液免疫功能指标及MP感染联合检测对哮喘严重程度具有诊断价值。     

Effectiveness of a Universally Offered Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Screening Intervention in the Pediatric Emergency Department

PurposeAdolescents represent more than half of the newly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections in the U.S. annually. Emergency departments (EDs) may serve as an effective, nontraditional setting to screen for chlamydia/gonorrhea (CT/GC). The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a universally offered CT/GC screening program in two pediatric ED settings.MethodsThis was a prospective, delayed start pragmatic study conducted over 18 months in two EDs within the same academic institution among ED adolescents aged 14–21 years with any chief complaint. Using a tablet device, adolescents were confidentially informed of CT/GC screening recommendations and were offered screening. If patients agreed to CT/GC testing, a clinical decision support tool was triggered to inform the provider and order testing. The main and key secondary outcomes were the proportion of CT/GC testing and positive CT/GC test results in each respective ED.ResultsBoth EDs experienced modest but statistically significant increases in CT/GC testing post- versus pre-intervention (main: 11.5% vs. 7.9%; confidence interval [CI]: 2.9–4.2; p < .0001 and satellite: 3.8% vs. 2.6%; 95% CI: .7–1.7; p < .0001). Among those tested, the positivity rate at the main ED did not significantly change post- versus pre-intervention (24.1% vs. 23.2%; 95% CI: ?1.9 to 3.8; p = .71) but significantly decreased at the satellite ED (7.6% vs. 14.8%; 95% CI: ?12.2 to ?2.2; p = .01).ConclusionsA universally offered screening intervention increased the proportion of adolescents who were tested at both EDs and the detection rates for CT/GC at the main ED, but patient acceptance of screening was low.     

内膜转运蛋白编码基因PEG-344在肺炎克雷伯菌毒力鉴别中的应用

 目的 评估新型标志物PEG-344在高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌以及经典肺炎克雷伯菌毒力鉴别中的应用价值。方法 收集2020—2021年某院血流感染患者血标本分离的肺炎克雷伯菌,采用大蜡螟毒力试验结果作为金标准进行分组,将菌株分为高毒力组和经典组;进一步进行黏液丝试验、wzi基因测序和毒力基因检测_p(rmpA、_prmpA2、PEG-1631、PEG-589、PEG-344)。结果 共收集肺炎克雷伯菌36株,根据大蜡螟毒力试验结果将其分为高毒力组16株,经典组20株;高毒力组黏液丝阳性菌株占87.50%(14株),经典组黏液丝阳性菌株占15.00%(3株);毒力基因PEG-344检测的灵敏度、特异度高于经典的独立标志物_prmpA、_prmpA2。除1株经典组wxwh3(wzi-2)菌株PEG-344阳性以外,其余菌株PEG-344结果与毒力分组完全一致。结论 内膜转运蛋白编码基因PEG-344能更准确地鉴别高毒力菌株,及时提醒临床合理用药,为临床医生优化诊疗方案提供依据。     

应用MALDI-TOF MS快速鉴定blaKPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌

 目的 探讨基质辅助激光解析/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对携带bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌的快速鉴定能力。方法 收集2018年9月-2020年11月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院临床住院患者分离的肺炎克雷伯菌,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法筛选携带bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌。MALDI-TOF MS鉴定菌株并收集携带bla_KPC-2基因型和碳青霉烯类敏感肺炎克雷伯菌(CSKP)的质谱图,各自选取其中70株菌株图谱,建立携带bla_KPC-2基因型和CSKP的超级图库(Super-Spectra)。采用超级图库鉴定除建库以外的肺炎克雷伯菌,根据耐药表型和PCR结果,判断鉴定结果是否准确。结果 共收集295株肺炎克雷伯菌,经耐药表型筛选耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)143株和CSKP 152株。CRKP中鉴定出140株携带碳青霉烯酶基因(134株检出bla_KPC-2基因,3株检出bla_KPC-18基因,2株检出bla_NDM-1基因,1株检出bla_IMP基因),3株不携带碳青霉烯酶基因;其中2株同时检出bla_KPC-2基因和bla_NDM-1基因。根据建库要求,建立携带bla_KPC-2基因型和CSKP的超级图库(Super-Spectra);设置error值<0.5,二者重合率达80%;对比图发现,4 154.4、8 310.7、10 880.8、3 579、10 079.3 m/z五个峰可作为区分携带bla_KPC-2基因肺炎克雷伯菌和CSKP的特征峰。选取除建库以外的155株肺炎克雷伯菌进行验证,准确率为92.90%(144/155);其中携带bla_KPC-2基因肺炎克雷伯菌准确率为94.52%(69/73),CSKP准确率为91.46%(75/82)。结论 通过MALDI-TOF MS建立Super-Spectra,可快速预测bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌,为临床CRKP感染的诊疗及医院感染防控提供可靠的实验室依据。     

性病高危人群中女性阴道口部位沙眼衣原体感染的检测

目的 :研究能否用阴道口部位标本代替宫颈标本检测沙眼衣原体 (CT)。方法 :分别用 PCR法和立明法 (Clearview)对 2 31例性病高危人群的宫颈拭子、阴道口拭子及尿液标本进行检测。结果 :以6种检测方法中任何 2种结果同时阳性为金标准 ,宫颈拭子、阴道口拭子及尿液 3种标本 PCR法的敏感性和特异性分别是 86 .8%和 99.4 8% ,84 .2 %和 10 0 % ,6 3.2 %和 99.4 8% ;立明法的敏感性和特异性分别是 81.6 %和 10 0 % ,4 7.4 %和 10 0 % ,10 .5 %和 10 0 %。结论 :对女性 CT检测可以用阴道口拭子代替其它部位标本进行 PCR检测     

沈阳地区肺炎支原体分离株P1蛋白基因限制性酶切图谱分型研究

目的：根据肺炎支原体（MP）P1蛋白基因限制性酶切图谱分类MP临床分离株,调查沈阳地区肺炎支原体流行情况。方法：多聚酶链反应扩增MP FH标准株和MP临床分离株的P1基因片段,扩增产物用限制性内切酶HeaⅢ消化,1.5％琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。结果：肺炎支牟体临床分离株和FH标准株酶切图谱相同。结论：沈阳地区肺炎支原体分离株属于Ⅱ型。     

耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌产酶耐药机制及同源性分析

目的探讨肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药的主要产酶机制及同源性。方法收集长沙市第一医院2016年12月-2017年12月临床分离的非重复碳青霉烯耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP),采用改良碳青霉烯酶灭活试验(mCIM)检测碳青霉烯酶,聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测常见耐药编码基因。脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)和多位点序列分型(MLST)分析同源性。结果共收集到57株CRKP,mCIM试验阳性率为91.23%(52/57)。PCR共检出6种耐药基因,包括blaSHV、blaCTX-M-9群、blaKPC-2、blaTEM、blaCTX-M-1群和blaNDM-1,检出率分别为94.74%、68.42%、68.42%、56.14%、3.51%和1.75%,其中2株携带blaCTX-M-1群的菌株经测序证实为blaCTX-M-80和blaCTX-M-123,blaCTX-M-9群中1株为blaCTX-M-27,2株为blaCTX-M-14,其余均为blaCTX-M-65。PFGE结果显示,57株CRKP可分为A~H共8种不同的型别,以A型为主,占76.79%,其中A6亚型占32.56%。MLST结果显示,共检出ST11和ST29两种型别,以ST11为主,占75.00%。结论该院临床分离的肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药的重要机制为产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶,且同时携带多种超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)耐药基因。PFGE和MLST结果表明:该院临床分离的CRKP存在克隆传播,需加强流行病学监控。     

Evaluation of effectiveness,safety and cost-benefit of the 23– valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine for HIV-Infected patients

IntroductionDue to the lack of understanding of the protective effects and safety of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in immune-deficient populations, the vaccination rate of PPV23 among HIV-infected patients is still very low in China. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether the efforts to assess measures for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia are still worthwhile, and provide designated vaccination program of HIV-infected persons for government policy based on.Methods60 HIV-infected adults in Lanshan county who had never been vaccinated with any pneumococcal vaccine were enrolled in this study, voluntary vaccination of PPV23 and One-year follow-up after vaccination can be completed.Result76.67% patients (46/60) had serologic response at 12 months after vaccine, CD4 count(≤500 cells/ul or > 500 cells/ul) and Month from diagnosis to first antiviral therapy (≤1 month or > 1 month) were related to antibody responses (p < 0.05).In this study, PPV23 was well tolerated, no adverse reaction was reported.11 Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (9.17%,11/120) occurred in the Unvaccinated group and 1 case(1.67%,1/60)in the vaccination group within one year after vaccination(Fisher's exact probability, P = 0.225). The VE was 81.79%. The per capita benefit was 39.32 dollars, the benefit-cost ratio = 1.19. There are significant statistical differences between the vaccinated group and the non-vaccinated group in outpatient costs (p < 0.05, 95 %CI: 9.29–32.11), Medicine costs (p = 0.017, 95 %CI: 2.47–24.44), and disease related indirect costs (p = 0.038, 95 %CI: 0.93–33.63) within one year of vaccination.ConclusionOur study results showed that PPV23 can be safely and effectively administered to HIV-1 infected individuals and effectively preventing Streptococcal pneumonia. Considering the cost-benefit of vaccination among HIV-infected persons, as it has been reported in our study, it is necessary to promote the widespread use of the vaccine among HIV-infected persons in the future.     

沙眼衣原体套式（Nested）PCR检测研究

本文报告沙眼衣原体（ＣＴ）的套式（Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ）ＰＣＲ检测方法，本方法ＣＴ隐匿性质粒为靶基因，外套引物采用国外学者所报告灵敏度和特异性较高的序列，内套引物自行设计，经方法学考核表明本法灵敏度和特异性极高。１４６例临检标本套式ＣＴ，ＰＣＲ阳性检出率为３６．３％而市售ＰＣＲ试剂盒（其引物序列与本文外套引物相同）阳性检出率仅为４．１％，前者明显高于后者（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

Transmission of antibodies to Chlamydia Psittaci and Coxiella Burnetii through eggs and “crop milk” in pigeons

Young semi-domesticated pigeons captured or hatched from eggs gathered in Bratislava during 1989–1991 were examined for complement fixing antibodies to Chlamydia psittaci and agglutinating antibodies to Coxiella burnetii. Antibodies to Ch. psittaci were present in 76% of birds younger than 24 h, in 47.7% between 1 and 10 days of age and in 12% of nestlings over 10 days old. Antibodies to Ch. psittaci were also detected in crop milk of 4.1% of 1 to 10 day old birds and in 4.5% of specimens older than 10 days. Antibodies to C. burnetii were not found in juvenile birds under 24 h old, but antibodies against this agent were present in 16.4% birds between 1 and 10 days old and in 18% over 10 days old. Antibodies to C. burnetii were also detected in crop milk collected from crops of 2% of the young birds between 1 and 10 days.