p16(INK4a) is a useful marker of human papillomavirus integration allowing risk stratification for cervical malignancies

The present study was conducted to assess utility of p16(INK4a) immunopositivity as a surrogate marker for genomic integration of high-risk human papillomavirus infection (hrHPV). A total of 29 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 27 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 53 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), histologically-diagnosed between 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2008 at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were stained for p16(INK4a) (CINtec Histology Kit (REF 9511, mtm laboratories AG, Heidelberg, Germany). Immunopositvity was defined as diffuse staining of the squamous cell cytoplasm and or nucleus (involving > 75% of the intraepithelial lesions or SCCs). Staining of basal and parabasal layers of intraepithelial lesions was pre-requisite. One (3.4%) LSIL, 24 (88.9%) HSIL and 46 (86.8%) SCC were p16(INK4a) immunopositive. All normal squamous epithelium did not express p16(INK4). p16(INK4a) expression was significantly lower (p<0.05) in LSIL compared with HSIL and SCC with no difference in expression between HSIL and SCC.The increased p16(INK4a) immunopositivity in HSIL and SCC appears in line with the integrated existence of the hrHPV and may provide more insightful information on risk of malignant transformation of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions than mere hrHPV detection.     

宫颈癌九野均分与角度优化IMRT计划剂量学比较

目的 比较宫颈癌术后患者9个野均分和角度优化的IMRT计划靶区和OAR剂量学参数差异。方法 对 12例宫颈癌术后患者CT图像分别设计9个野均分IMRT计划和利用角度优化产生9个野IMRT计划。评估靶区及OAR剂量分布并配对t检验差异。结果 射野角度优化与均分IMRT计划相比,PTV的 V_95%、V_105%、V_110%分别为99.31%∶99.42%(P=0.020)、60.54%∶47.92%(P=0.013)、7.14%∶0.37%(P=0.000);D_max、D_mean分别为56.62 Gy∶55.47 Gy (P=0.000)、53.29 Gy∶52.72 Gy (P=0.000);CI、HI分别为0.85∶0.89(P=0.000)、0.10∶0.13(P=0.000);膀胱 V₄₀增加约4.7%(P=0.013),直肠 D₄₀增加约0.5 Gy (P=0.004),小肠 V₄₀升高约0.6%(P=0.015)、D_max增加1.4 Gy (P=0.000),骨髓 D_mean均升高约1.3 Gy (P=0.000),马尾神经 D_{0.1 cm³}增加2.0 Gy (P=0.000)。结论 9个野均分IMRT计划质量明显优于通过射野角度优化的IMRT计划。     

Incidence of cervical,endometrial, and ovarian cancer in Korea, 1999-2010

Objective

To investigate the recent incidence of and trends in cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer in Korean females.

Methods

Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry between 1999 and 2010 were analyzed. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated.

Results

The absolute incidence rates of the three major gynecologic cancers increased: 6,394 in 1999 to 7,454 in 2010. The ASR for gynecologic cancer was 23.7 per 100,000 in 1999 and decreased to 21.0 in 2010 (APC, -1.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.53 to -0.70) due to a definitive decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer (APC, -4.3%). Endometrial cancer has been definitively increasing (APC, 6.9% during 1999-2010), especially in females <30 years old (APC, 11.2%) and in females ≥80 years old (APC, 9.5%). The incidence of ovarian cancer is increasing gradually (APC, 1.5%).

Conclusion

ASRs and APC for gynecologic cancers overall are decreasing due to the decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer. However, the incidence of endometrial and ovarian cancer has been increasing.     

宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织Maspin和Survivin的表达研究

目的 探讨Maspin和Survivin表达与宫颈鳞状细胞癌(宫颈鳞癌)临床病理指标的关系.方法 选取2008年1月至2013年12月间陆军第81集团军医院收治的行根治性手术切除的54例宫颈鳞癌标本,采用EliVisionTM plus免疫组化2步法检测Maspin和Survivin在宫颈鳞癌组织及癌旁宫颈组织中的表达...     

Cytokine levels in HIV infected and uninfected Indian women: Correlation with other STAs

Host immune status is an important determinant of disease progression. Infections in the genital tract may alter the immunity in the particular site and hence affect the production of local cytokines. We performed this study to determine whether HIV in association with cervical HPV and CT/GC infections influences the production of local cytokines. Cervical secretions from 100 women with or without HIV infection were collected for measuring IL-1β, -6, -10 and -12 concentrations by ELISA. Cervical HPV and CT/GC DNA were detected by HCII test. Significant elevations of IL-6 and IL-10 were observed in patients having HIV infection. Although cervical HPV infection increased the concentrations of both IL-6 and IL-1β but HPV induced abnormal cervical smear was associated only with increased IL-6 concentrations significantly. Double infection had marked relation with IL-6 and IL-10. CT/GC had no direct effect on any of these cytokines but in association with HIV and HPV, these bacterial pathogens elevated the concentrations of IL-6 significantly. Thus, our results suggest that the presence of HIV and other STAs in the genital tract can cause imbalance of local cytokine levels which in turn may facilitate other opportunistic infections.     

Potential of dose optimisation in MRI-based PDR brachytherapy of cervix carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this study on PDR treatment planning of utero-vaginal carcinoma, we analysed the dosimetry of traditional X-ray based plans as it presents on MR images. The potential gain of MRI-based dose optimisation was assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients boosted with PDR brachytherapy after external beam therapy were included. The clinical X-ray based plans were projected on MR images. The GTV, HR-CTV and IR-CTV were retrospectively contoured, as well as the bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon. The dose in the critical organs and target coverage was investigated. In a second phase, the plans were manually optimised using the MR information. The objectives were to lower the dose in the critical organs (85Gy(alphabeta3) for bladder, 75Gy(alphabeta3) for rectum and sigmoid colon) and to increase the HR-CTV dose to D9085Gy(alphabeta10). RESULTS: In the X-ray based plans, D(2cc) in bladder and sigmoid colon exceeded the tolerance doses in 10/16 and 7/16 patients, respectively. Coverage of the IR-CTV with the 60Gy(alphabeta10) was acceptable. D90 of the HR-CTV was below 85Gy(alphabeta10) in 13 out of 16 patients. After optimisation, the dose constraints in the OAR were not exceeded anymore in any patient. The average D(2cc) dose reduction was 7+/-6Gy(alphabeta3) in the bladder and 7+/-4Gy(alphabeta3) in the sigmoid colon for those patients in which the dose constraint was initially exceeded. In addition, an average dose increase of 3Gy(alphabeta10) was accomplished in the HR-CTV. CONCLUSIONS: MRI-based dose optimisation can play an important role to reduce the dose delivered to the critical organs and to improve target coverage.     

宫颈癌放疗后液基薄层细胞学检测分析

目的分析宫颈癌放疗后宫颈细胞学改变特点及该项检测的临床意义。方法196例宫颈癌放疗后患者放疗结束1个月后行489次宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查(LCT)。采用2001年版TBS诊断系统,对细胞改变作描述性诊断。结果在放疗结束1年内,鳞状上皮表层细胞体积增大不明显、核可增大,但较疏松、胞浆丰富,可出现空泡。部分涂片上可见退变的癌细胞,部分病例见修复细胞和化生细胞。异常鳞状上皮细胞检出率为40.3%,其中不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)、低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)分别为20.1%,5.3%、10.8%。鳞癌(SCC)检出率为3.1%。炎症反应性细胞检出率为42.5%,其中轻、中、重度分别为6.3%,19.4%,16.8%。35例放疗后因细胞学检查异常进行了局部病理组织学检查,病理与LCT两者符合率为91%。结论宫颈液基薄层细胞学可作为宫颈癌放疗后局部有无复发及放射反应的监测指标。     

尿激酶受体在宫颈癌组织中的表达

目的：研究宫颈癌患者尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体（uPAR）在癌组织中的变化，初步探讨uPAR与宫颈癌浸润、转移及预后的关系。方法：通过免疫组织化学SABC法检测uPAR在43例宫颈癌组织和10例正常宫颈组织的表达。结果：将组织标本按病理学检查结果分为宫颈癌组和正常宫颈组，免疫组织化学结果提示宫颈癌组uPAR阳性表达率为65．12％，而正常宫颈组uPAR未见阳性表达，两组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。宫颈癌患者癌组织uPAR的表达与其临床分期、淋巴结是否转移具有相关性（P〈0．05）。结论：与正常宫颈组相比，宫颈癌患者癌组织uPAR呈异常高表达。uPAR在宫颈癌的生长、侵袭转移过程中可能起着重要的作用。检测其在组织中的表达有助于判断患者的病情及预后。     

经阴道彩色多普勒诊断宫腔疾病

目的:探讨经阴道彩色多普勒(TVCD)诊断宫腔内疾患的临床应用价值。方法:应用TVCD诊断我院2005～2007年因阴道不规则出血、绝经后出血及不孕不育症的患者103例,根据其超声所见分为:子宫内膜癌、粘膜下肌瘤、子宫内膜息肉、内膜良性增生、内膜萎缩、宫内节育器移位。并与宫腔镜检查及临床手术后的病理结果进行对照。结果:超声诊断符合率为:子宫内膜癌77.8%(7/9),粘膜下肌瘤80.0%(8/10),内膜息肉91.0%(20/22),内膜良性增生92.3%(12/13),内膜萎缩100.0%(22/22),宫内节育器下移93.7%(15/16)。结论:TVCD与经腹部超声比较,可清楚显示子宫腔内病变,有助于宫腔内病变的诊断,提高诊断准确率,为临床医生提供可靠的诊断资料,择期手术。     

Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in a 17-year-old adolescent

This report describes the case of the youngest Japanese person to be diagnosed with endocervical clearcell adenocarcinoma. In September 2005, a 17-year-old female adolescent visited a physician because of vaginal bleeding. A cervical tumor was discovered, and the patient was referred to our outpatient department. Vaginal examination showed a bleeding tumor approximately 1.5 cm in size protruding from the cervical os. The cytological finding of the uterine cervix was positive for malignancy, and the histological diagnosis by punch biopsy was clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. A radical abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed on October 30. Macroscopic findings showed a tumor, 1.5 cm in diameter, growing from the right side of the uterine cervix. The pathological diagnosis was clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix (PT1b1NR0M0). The patient was discharged from our hospital without any adjuvant therapy. No signs of recurrence have been detected in the 2-year follow up.