Curiethérapie de débit de dose pulsé dans les cancers du col utérin : pourquoi,comment ?

The end of the production of 192 iridium wires terminates low dose rate brachytherapy and requires to move towards pulsed-dose rate or high-dose rate brachytherapy. In the case of gynecological cancers, technical alternatives exist, and many teams have already taken the step of pulsed-dose rate for scientific reasons. Using a projector source is indeed a prerequisite for 3D brachytherapy, which gradually installs as a standard treatment in the treatment of cervical cancers. For other centers, this change implies beyond investments in equipment and training, organizational consequences to ensure quality.     

HPV16E6与E-钙黏蛋白在不同宫颈病变组织中的表达与临床病理特征的相关性

目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV) 16E6与E-钙黏蛋白在正常宫颈、宫颈上皮内瘤样变(CIN)、宫颈鳞癌中的表达意义.方法 采用免疫组化方法检测30例正常宫颈、34例CIN、60例宫颈鳞癌组织中HPV16E6与E-钙黏蛋白的表达,比较其表达差异,与临床病理特征的相关性.结果 HPV16E6在正常宫颈组织、CIN Ⅰ级、CINⅡ-Ⅲ级、宫颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义(x2 =40.166,P=0.000);各组间两两比较除外正常组与CIN Ⅰ组、CIN Ⅰ组与CINⅡ-Ⅲ组(P=0.315,0.483),其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).E-钙黏蛋白在正常宫颈、CIN Ⅰ级、CINⅡ-Ⅲ级、宫颈鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率逐渐减少,差异有统计学意义(x2=31.295,P=0.000),各组间两两比较除外正常组与CIN Ⅰ组、CIN Ⅰ组与CINⅡ-Ⅲ组(P=0.056,0.627),其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HPV16E6与E-钙黏蛋白阳性表达率与宫颈癌临床病理分期、肿瘤直径、组织病理学分级、肌层浸润都有关(P＜0.05),但两者的表达与年龄无关(P＞0.05).宫颈鳞癌组和CIN组中HPV16E6与E-钙黏蛋白的表达呈负相关(rs=-0.647,P=0.000).结论 宫颈病变级别增加与HPV16E6和E-钙黏蛋白阳性表达密切相关,提示宫颈癌预后不良;两种蛋白表达可能存在相互作用,且参与了宫颈癌的发生发展.     

Radiological vignette. Insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum

Summary An insufficiency fracture (IF) involving the acetabulum is presented. This fracture occurred in a 67-year-old woman who had been hysterectomized and oophorectomized 27 years earlier for a carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and who had received external pelvic irradiation. This IF location has been rarely described earlier, and its awareness should preclude unnecessary aggressive diagnostic procedures especially in patients with osteoporosis and previous pelvic radiotherapy.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在治疗后宫颈癌评估中的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对临床怀疑宫颈癌局部复发和(或)远处转移患者的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析95例宫颈癌治疗后患者的18F-FDG PET/CT检查资料,采用视觉分析和半定量方法(SUVmax)分析病灶特点,最终诊断以活组织病理检查、诊断性治疗及影像学随访结果为准,采用Kappa一致性检验进行分析.结果 共有54例患者18 F-FDG PET/CT检查发现局部复发和(或)远处转移病灶,其中局部复发24例,远处转移30例;18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肿瘤复发与转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为98.1％(52/53)、95.2％ (40/42)和96.8％ (92/95),阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为96.3％ (52/54)和97.6％(40/41).18F-FDG PET/CT检查结果与病理及临床随访结果一致性良好(Kappa=0.936,P＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对临床可疑宫颈癌复发的诊断具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,有助于局部复发和(或)远处转移病灶的检测,对临床进一步的诊疗具有指导作用.     

艾滋病合并宫颈腺样基底细胞癌1例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨艾滋病合并宫颈腺样基底细胞癌的临床病理特征.方法 收集1例病例临床病史、手术所见、观察分析常规病理HE及免疫组化结果.结果 艾滋病合并宫颈腺样基底细胞癌的临床病理特征与单纯宫颈腺样基底细胞癌有相同与不同之处.结论 艾滋病合并宫颈腺样基底细胞癌即使形态学一样,预后不一样.     

p53 Arg72Pro多态性与新疆维吾尔族和汉族妇女宫颈癌发生的相关性

目的探讨p53 Arg72Pro多态性与新疆维吾尔族、汉族妇女宫颈癌发生及与HPV感染宫颈癌的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR—RFLP）方法检测152例维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌组织及110例非癌宫颈组织、120例汉族妇女宫颈癌组织及122例非癌宫颈组织中p53 Arg／Arg、Pro／Pro、Arg／Pro三种基因型的分布。结果比较维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌和非癌对照组中p53基因型总构成比,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7．196,P〈0．05）,Arg／Arg所占比例在维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌组高于非癌对照组。比较汉族妇女宫颈癌和非癌对照组中p53基因型总构成比,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=8．231,P〈0．025）,Pro／Pro所占比例在汉族妇女宫颈癌组高于对照组。比较维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌中HPV16阳性组和阴性组p53基因型构成比,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7．177,P〈0．05）,Arg／Arg所占比例在HPV16阳性组高于阴性组。结论p53 Arg／Arg基因型可能是新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌发生的遗传易感因素,且与维吾尔族妇女HPV相关宫颈癌的发生有关。p53 Pro／Pro基因型可能是新疆汉族妇女宫颈癌发生的遗传易感因素。新疆维吾尔族妇女与汉族妇女宫颈癌的发生可能存在遗传易感性方面的差异。     

宫颈淋巴瘤样病变与宫颈淋巴瘤的鉴别

目的探讨宫颈淋巴瘤样病变和宫颈淋巴瘤的临床病理特点及免疫球蛋白重链（IgH）基因重排在两者鉴别诊断上的价值。方法对10例宫颈淋巴瘤样病变和16例宫颈淋巴瘤进行临床资料分析和组织病理学观察,以免疫组织化学（EnVision法）检测B、T淋巴细胞标记物和免疫球蛋白轻链（κ,λ）的表达,并应用半套式聚合酶链反应方法检测了4例淋巴瘤样病变和4例淋巴瘤中IgH基因重排的情况。结果宫颈淋巴瘤样病变患者年龄24—54岁（中位年龄43岁）,临床多表现为宫颈糜烂或息肉,镜下观察可见表浅分布的、局灶或弥漫性免疫母细胞样大细胞浸润,伴淋巴细胞转化成熟现象和多型性炎性细胞浸润（多量成熟浆细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞）。宫颈淋巴瘤患者年龄28—78岁（中位年龄58岁）,临床表现为宫颈肿块或弥漫性宫颈肥大,镜下观察示12例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤和4例滤泡性淋巴瘤,二者组织学形态分别以弥漫分布、形态单一的肿瘤性大淋巴细胞浸润和肿瘤性滤泡形成为特点,病灶中少有多型性炎性细胞浸润,也不出现淋巴细胞转化成熟现象。宫颈淋巴瘤样病变中,免疫母细胞样大细胞κ和λ染色结果欠满意。4例宫颈淋巴瘤病例和2例宫颈淋巴瘤样病变中检出单克隆性IgH基因重排。结论宫颈淋巴瘤样病变和淋巴瘤主要依据不同的临床和病理形态特点相互区分。IgH基因重排检测对于二者鉴别有帮助,但需注意部分良性病变也有单克隆性淋巴细胞增生。     

Immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic aid in cervical pathology

As with biopsies from other sites in the female genital tract, immunohistochemistry is now being increasingly used in cervical pathology as an aid to diagnosis. In this review, I discuss applications of immunohistochemistry in diagnostic cervical pathology with a particular focus on recent developments. It is emphasised that immunohistochemistry is to be used as an adjunct to routine morphological examination and that no marker is totally specific or sensitive for a given lesion. Although much of this review focuses on glandular lesions, the value of markers, such as MIB1 and p16, in the assessment of pre-invasive cervical squamous lesions is discussed. In the broad field of cervical glandular lesions, topics covered include: the value of markers such as MIB1, p16 and bcl-2 in distinguishing adenocarcinoma in situ and glandular dysplasia from benign mimics; markers of mesonephric lesions, including CD10; markers of value in the diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma, such as HIK1083; markers of value in distinguishing metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma in the ovary from primary ovarian endometrioid or mucinous adenocarcinoma. Rarely ectopic prostatic tissue occurs in the cervix, which can be confirmed by positive staining with prostatic markers. A panel of markers, comprising oestrogen receptor, vimentin, monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen and p16, is of value in distinguishing between a cervical adenocarcinoma and an endometrial adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type. Markers of use in the diagnosis of cervical neuroendocrine neoplasms, including small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, are discussed. It is stressed that small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas may be negative with most of the commonly used neuroendocrine markers and this does not preclude the diagnosis. p63, a useful marker of squamous neoplasms within the cervix, is of value in distinguishing small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (p63 negative) from small cell squamous carcinoma (p63 positive) and in confirming that a poorly differentiated carcinoma is squamous in type.     

阴道镜对宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的临床价值

目的:评价阴道镜图像对宫颈疾病尤其对宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析1512例中277例CIN的阴道镜检结果。结果:CIN的发病例数呈上升趋势,发病年龄也日趋年轻化,1512例中宫颈活检1206例,CIN 277例。CIN的异常阴道镜图像主要为醋酸白色上皮,对CIN诊断的敏感性和阳性预测值高,其与点状区和或镶嵌同时存在时,对CIN诊断的敏感性下降,特异性升高。结论:阴道镜是辅助诊断CIN的重要方法,发现阴道镜可疑时应进行常规活检。