长链非编码RNA与口腔癌研究进展

口腔癌(oral cancer)是口腔外科常见的恶性肿瘤,易发生转移且预后不容乐观,长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类内源性的长度大于200个核苷酸、缺少特异完整的开放阅读框,不具有蛋白质编码功能的转录本,最初认为并没有生物学功能,但随着生物学技术的发展,发现其能够在表观遗传水平、转录水平和转录后水平等多个层面上调控基因的表达,从而影响机体生长、发育、衰老和死亡等重要的生命活动以及疾病的发生和发展。近年来的研究显示口腔癌的发生、发展、侵袭、转移和预后与lncRNA的表达水平密切相关。因此本文对lncRNA在口腔癌中的研究进展进行论述,并探讨lncRNA与口腔癌发生、发展之间的关系,旨在进一步阐述lncRNA与OSCC的关系并为寻找口腔癌肿瘤标志物提供新的方向,为口腔癌患者提供新的治疗策略。     

miRNAs 在不同级别宫颈癌中的差异性表达分析及其临床意义

宫颈癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,虽然高危型人乳头瘤病毒持续性感染是导致宫颈癌发生的最主要因素,但是表观遗传学调控在其发展过程中也具有重要作用。研究发现,微小核糖核酸（ microRNAs , miRNAs ）在不同级别宫颈癌中有明显差异性表达,并广泛参与了宫颈癌发生的各个生物学过程。本文系统分析了85篇实验性文章中报道的不同阶段宫颈癌组织的 miRNAs 差异性表达谱,并将其分别归类到宫颈上皮内瘤样病变1-3级（ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia , CIN 1-3）和宫颈癌4个病理分级中,为评价 miRNAs 在宫颈癌早期诊断和预后监测中的临床应用价值提供了科学的理论依据。     

人类白细胞抗原G和人类白细胞抗原E在宫颈癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 评估人类白细胞抗原G(HLA-G)和人类白细胞抗原E(HLA-E)的表达在宫颈癌进展中的意义及对患者预后的影响.方法 采用聚合酶链反应和流式细胞术检测正常组、CIN Ⅰ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ(宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ-Ⅲ级)及浸润癌组HLA-G和HLA-E基因及蛋白的表达,比较两者在各组表达的差异及其对病人长期生存的影响.结果 CINⅢ及浸润癌组HLA-G表达与CIN Ⅰ、CINⅡ和正常组比较U值分别为564.0、536.0和565.5,P均＜0.05,HLA-E前两组的表达与后者比较U值分别为550.0、542.0和578.5,P均＜0.05;并且HLA-G和HLA-E阳性的患者生存率明显低于阴性者(P＜0.05).结论 HLA-G和HLA-E的异常表达促使宫颈癌的发生和发展,并且影响患者的术后长期生存.     

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human crescentic glomerulonephritis

AIMS: In glomerulonephritis, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) may play important roles in the formation of crescents. These studies are designed to evaluate the expression patterns of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in human crescentic glomerulonephritis and to determine the cellular origin of adhesion molecules in the crescentic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins in renal biopsies with cellular (n=7), fibrocellular (n=9) or fibrous (n=4) crescentic glomerulonephritis, and six controls by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was further evaluated by RNA in-situ hybridization. Cytokeratin or CD68 immunohistochemistry was performed on the same sections, where in-situ hybridization had been carried out. In cellular crescents, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins were over-expressed to a similar extent. Of the three types of crescents, the extent of ICAM-1 immunopositivity was the greatest in the cellular crescents and decreased towards the fibrous crescents (P < 0.05). Yet the extent of VCAM-1 immunoreactivity was not different between the types. Fibrous crescents still contained some epithelial cells and showed only VCAM-1 expression. In the glomeruli with cellular or fibrocellular crescents, the extent of ICAM-1 immunopositivity in the glomerular tufts was significantly larger than that of VCAM-1 (P < 0.05). In an in-situ hybridization study, the mRNA expression patterns of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 paralleled their protein expressions. A double-labelling study showed that the signal for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNAs was mainly present in cytokeratin-positive and CD68-negative cells in the crescentic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that glomerular parietal epithelial cells in cellular crescents up-regulate both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and that some epithelial cells retained in fibrous crescents persistently over-express VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1. They also suggest that ICAM-1 is involved in early leucocyte recruitment into glomeruli in crescentic glomerulonephritis.     

Effect of various doses of palm vitamin E and tocopherol on aspirin-induced gastric lesions in rats

This study examined the effects of vitamin E on the prevention of aspirin-induced gastric lesions. The study was divided into two phases. Phase 1 determined the effects of various doses of palm vitamin E on the factors affecting mucosal integrity. Thirty-two male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was fed a normal diet (control), Groups II, III and IV were fed a diet supplemented with palm vitamin E in a dose of 60 mg/kg food, 100 mg/kg food and 150 mg/kg food, respectively. The rats were killed after 4 weeks of feeding for the determination of gastric malondialdehyde (MDA), acid and mucus content. There was a significant decrease in gastric MDA and gastric acid in all the palm vitamin E supplemented groups compared to control. However, these doses of palm vitamin E had no significant effect on gastric mucus. The phase 2 study determined the effect of multiple doses of palm vitamin E and tocopherol on the prevention of aspirin-induced gastric lesions. Fifty rats of the same weight and strain were randomized into seven groups. Group I was fed a normal diet; groups II to IV were fed with a palm vitamin E enriched diet in doses of 60 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg/kg food, respectively; groups V to VII were fed with a tocopherol-enriched diet in doses of 20 mg, 30 mg and 50 mg/kg food, respectively. After 4 weeks of feeding with the respective diets the rats were challenged with a single intra-gastric dose of 400 mg/kg body weight aspirin suspended in propylene glycol. The rats were killed 6 h post-aspirin exposure for the determination of gastric lesion index and gastric parameters as mentioned in the phase I study. The gastric lesions index was significantly lower in all the vitamin E groups compared to control. The lowest ulcer index was observed in the groups that received 100 mg of palm vitamin E and 30 mg tocopherol in the diet. However, there was no significant difference in ulcer indices between palm vitamin E and tocopherol-treated groups. The lower ulcer index was only accompanied by lower gastric MDA content. We conclude that both palm vitamin E in doses of 60 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg/kg food as well as tocopherol in doses of 20 mg, 30 mg and 50 mg/kg food are equally effective in preventing aspirin-induced gastric lesions. The most probable mechanism is through their ability in limiting the lipid peroxidation that is involved in aspirin-induced gastric lesions.     

Cytologic features of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions involving endocervical glands on ThinPrep cytology

Usage of liquid-based cytology has resulted in better cellular preservation with enhancement of nuclear features. The purpose of this retrospective 2-yr study (January 1999 through December 2000) was to evaluate the cellular features of endocervical gland involvement by a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) vs. endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) on cell samples processed by the ThinPrep method as compared to conventional smears. Of the 97 cases of CIN III diagnosed on cytology, 52 (54%) showed surface endocervical gland involvement by CIN III and form the basis of this study. There were also six cases of endocervical AIS diagnosed on histology with prior cytology. The architectural features of HSIL involving endocervical glands and AIS were similar to those previously reported on conventional smears. A consistent finding of HSIL involving endocervical glands was the loss of central cell polarity and piling within cell groups, a finding not present in AIS. Central cell polarity was maintained in cellular groupings of AIS. In addition to the cellular feature present on conventional smears, micronucleoli were clearly visualized in cells of HSIL involving endocervical glands and prominent nucleoli were present in AIS. Apoptosis and mitoses were clearly visualized in both entities. Endocervical gland involvement by HSIL has characteristic cell patterns and features on liquid-based/thin-layer cytology that permit their distinction from AIS.     

Follicular hyperplasia presenting with a marginal zone pattern in a reactive lymph node lesion

Histologically, the marginal zone pattern of the lymph node is characterized by lymphoid follicles with three distinct layers. The inner layer is composed of follicular center zones, the middle layer of darkly stained mantle zones, and the outer layer of marginal zones. However, the marginal zone pattern is rarely seen in reactive lymph nodes except for mesenteric lymph nodes. We describe the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and genotypic findings of six cases of reactive follicular hyperplasia exhibiting the marginal zone pattern. The patients comprised three males and three females (age range 24 to 63 years; medium 56 years). Follow-up data were obtained from five patients. None of them developed malignant lymphomas during the follow-up period of from 5 to 204 months (median 68 months). Histologically, the lesion was characterized by numerous lymphoid follicles and partial distortion of lymph node structure. Varying degrees of progressive transformation of the germinal center (PTGC) were noted in the four cases. The marginal zone pattern was observed in some or most of the lymphoid follicles including PTGC. The marginal zone B cells were small to medium-sized lymphocytes with round or slightly indented nuclei and a broad rim of pale cytoplasm. Some of them had a monocytoid appearance. They were CD20+, CD79a+, sIgM+/-, sIgD-, CD5-, CD10-, CD21-, CD23-, CD43-, CD45RO-, Bcl-6-, cyclin D1-, EMA- and p53-. A portion of them were Bcl-2 positive. Occasional large lymphoid cells with round or indented nuclei and moderate amounts of cytoplasm were observed in the marginal zone in four cases. These large lymphoid cells were usually CD20 positive, but Bcl-6 negative. A small number of them contained polytypic intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The polytypic nature of B lymphocytes was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Recognition of unusual marginal zone hyperplasia in reactive lymph node lesions is important to avoid confusion with nodal involvement in various low-grade B cell lymphomas presenting a marginal zone distribution pattern.     

孕早期宫颈分泌物中获取胎儿细胞DNA进行产前诊断的可行性

目的：探索获取胎儿细胞DNA用于产前基因诊断的可行性，及能否用于预期胎儿性别。方法：收集92例孕早期人工流产妇女宫颈分泌物和绒毛组织，提取宫颈分泌物中DNA，扩增Y染色体特异重复序列DNA。短期培养制备绒毛染色体，分析核型确定流产胎儿性别。结果：92例经绒毛染色体核型分析的人工流产胎儿中，正确预期胎儿性别72例，准确率78％。结论：采集孕早期宫颈分泌物，可获得胎儿滋养层细胞DNA用于产前诊断，其准确性和可靠性有待进一步提高。     

颈前路零切迹与钢板椎间融合系统治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病疗效比较

目的 比较颈前路零切迹椎间融合系统(Zero-P)和颈前路钢板椎间融合系统(PCB)治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照试验方法对2012年8月—2014年10月63例前路手术治疗的单节段脊髓型颈椎病患者进行研究。63例患者按随机数字表法分为Zero-P组(32例)和PCB组(31例)分别行Zero-P和PCB治疗。观察两组手术时间、术中失血、椎间高度、颈椎Cobb角、JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)和远期并发症,远期并发症包括螺钉位置丢失、吞咽困难和骨性融合不佳。结果 Zero-P组中1例因随访丢失予以剔除,最终每组均有31例研究对象。两组患者性别、年龄、手术节段、椎间高度、颈椎Cobb角、JOA评分、NDI评分差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。病例随访时间均大于12个月,Zero-P系统组随访时间(15.52±1.93)个月;PCB组随访(16.10±2.33)个月,差异无统计学意义(t=1.069,P>0.05)。Zero-P组、PCB组手术时间分别为(63.45±10.87)、(85.97±12.04)min,术中出血量分别为(44.35±11.53)、(66.26±19.62)mL,差异均有统计学意义(t=7.730、5.358,P值均<0.01)。两组患者手术后及末次随访时的恢复椎间高度、颈椎Cobb角较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);两组间在手术后和末次随访时,恢复椎间高度、颈椎Cobb角水平差异均无统计意义(P值均>0.05),但在末次随访时PCB组在术后维持Cobb角方面更有优势(P＜0.05)。末次随访时两组JOA评分、NDI评分均较术前明显改善(P值均＜0.05),Zero-P组的NDI评分改善程度优于PCB组(P＜0.01)。至末次随访,两组病例均获骨性融合,其中PCB组出现2例螺钉位置丢失、3例吞咽困难,远期并发症方面Zero-P组优于PCB组(P＜0.05)。结论 Zero-P和PCB在治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病均可获得较满意的治疗效果。Zero-P组具有手术较简易、颈椎功能保留多、螺钉位置丢失和吞咽困难的相关的远期并发症发生率较低的优点。而较之Zero-P,PCB能够更好地维持颈椎术后生理曲度。     

椎弓根螺钉及颈椎体螺钉置入内固定后的生物力学及稳定性比较

BACKGROUND: From the point of view of human anatomy, the load of the spine is more. When the body moves, the range of activities, and activity are relatively large. After screws were implanted in the spine, if biomechanical properties and stability are not up to the standard, it easily leads to lack of grip force of screw and screw loosening so as to increase the incidence of complications after treatment.