HPLC法测定盐酸头孢他美酯颗粒的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法,测定盐酸头孢他美酯颗粒的含量。方法采用Agela XBP-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-甲醇-水-磷酸盐缓冲液(360∶95∶500∶45)为流动相,柱温:25℃,流速:1.0 mL/min,进样量:20μL。紫外检测器检测波长:263 nm。结果头孢他美酯保留时间约为12 min,与其他杂质分离度均大于2.0,头孢他美酯的浓度在123.42~287.98μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数r>0.999,平均回收率为100.3%。结论该方法精密度好,准确度高,可作为盐酸头孢他美酯颗粒含量测定的质控方法。     

进口头孢他美酯片剂健康人体药代动力学研究

目的:本文报道瑞士产头孢他美酯片剂在我国健康志愿者人体药代动力学研究结果。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法测定名志愿者口服盐酸头孢他美酯片剂后的血药浓度,椐程序计算有关药动学参数。12 3P87 结果:该制剂的 t、 (Ke) Tpeak、Cmax和分别为、、、·,药时曲线符合一室开放模型。AUC2.3h2.79h2.17mg/L18.69(mg/L)h结论:口服头孢他美500mg酯后的血药浓度高于大多数常见致病菌的,其消除半衰期较长,一日两次给药即可。MIC12     

气相色谱法测定盐酸头孢卡品酯中二甲基甲酰胺和苯甲醚残留量方法研究

目的：建立盐酸头孢卡品酯二甲基甲酰胺和苯甲醚溶剂残留量的测定方法.方法：采用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱,程序升温,FID检测器,载气为氮气,测定盐酸头孢卡品酯中二甲基甲酰胺和苯甲醚的残留量.结果：2种溶剂在所考查的浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.99以上,2种溶剂的回收率均在90.0％～ 110.0％.结论：本方法专属强,操作简便,结果可靠,适用于残留溶剂的测定.     

头孢卡品酯的体内外抗菌药效学研究

目的 评价头孢卡品酯的体内外抗菌活性,并与其他三种头孢类抗生素进行比较,为头孢卡品酯在我国的临床应用及了解其抗菌特性提供依据.方法 使用2008至2009年从北京地区收集的临床菌株,采用平皿二倍稀释法、试管二倍稀释法和菌落计数等测定各药物的体外抗菌活性,包括最低抑菌浓度、最低杀菌浓度、杀菌曲线等等,同时以小鼠感染保护试验评价头孢卡品酯及对照药物头孢妥仑酯的体内抗菌活性.结果 头孢卡品酯对包括革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌在内的多种细菌均具有很强的体内外抗菌活性,尤其对细菌性肺炎相关的致病菌具有非常好的疗效.结论 头孢卡品酯是一种有效的广谱头孢类抗生素,具有良好的临床使用前景.     

高效液相色谱法测定头孢曲松钠有关物质Ⅱ（聚合物）方法的改进

目的:改进高效液相色谱法测定头孢曲松钠的有关物质Ⅱ,并进行方法学研究。方法:用TSK-GelG2000SWxL为色谱柱;以pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液[0.005mol/L磷酸氢二钠-0.005mol/L磷酸二氢钠(61∶39)]-乙腈(95∶5)为流动相,流速为0.5ml/min,检测波长254nm。结果:本品有关物质Ⅱ的分离度及检出灵敏度完全满足其限度的测定要求。结论:该方法简便、准确、专属性好、灵敏度高,可用于头孢曲松钠聚合物的检查。     

Primary carnitine deficiency with severe acute hepatitis following rotavirus gastroenteritis

Rotavirus infection is a major cause of gastroenteritis, which occurs mainly in children. Liver dysfunction due to rotavirus gastroenteritis has been reported; however, acute hepatitis due to this disease is very rare. We present a rare case in which rotavirus gastroenteritis led to sequential diagnosis of acute hepatitis and systemic primary carnitine deficiency (CDSP) in a 1-year-old girl. The patient's symptoms (hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and elevated levels of serum transaminases and creatinine kinase) suggested a steatosis causing liver dysfunction. She was initially considered to have a beta oxygenation defect or secondary carnitine deficiency caused by pivalic acid-containing antibiotics; however, repetitive carnitine analysis and free carnitine clearance measurement confirmed primary carnitine deficiency (carnitine transporter deficiency). Children with severe liver dysfunction due to rotavirus infection and presenting with liver steatosis should undergo blood acyl carnitine analysis to detect potential carnitine or other beta oxidation deficiencies, especially if newborn screening for these diseases is not available.     

Poor penetration of cefcapene into aqueous humor after oral administration of cefcapene pivoxil to patients undergoing cataract surgery

ObjectivesStudies on the penetration of orally administered cephalosporins to the aqueous humor are scarce. Therefore, in this study, we determined the concentration of cefcapene, a third-generation cephalosporin administrated orally as pivalate ester (cefcapene pivoxil), in the aqueous humor of patients undergoing cataract surgery to assess its potential for preventing postoperative endophthalmitis.MethodsForty-four patients were administered a single dose of 100 mg cefcapene pivoxil preoperatively. Blood and aqueous humor samples were obtained at the time of surgery, and cefcapene concentrations were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.ResultsThe samples were obtained from 41 eyes of 39 patients (two patients underwent surgery in both eyes). The median cefcapene concentrations in the aqueous humor after 1–2 h, 2–3 h, and later than 3 h were 8.3, 18.4, and 23.7 ng/mL, respectively. The median cefcapene concentrations in serum after 1–2 h, 2–3 h, and later than 3 h were 198.5, 287.2, and 170.3 ng/mL, respectively. Aqueous humor penetration of cefcapene after 1–2 h, 2–3 h, and later than 3 h was 4.1, 7.9, and 13.5% respectively.ConclusionsAqueous humor penetration of orally-administered cefcapene pivoxil in patients undergoing cataract surgery was poor. Therefore, cefcapene pivoxil was unlikely to be effective for preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.     

Percutaneous Tracheotomy

Objective —Although acute otitis media (AOM) is the commonest infectious disease of childhood, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has dramatically changed its clinical outcome. Here, we report the trend of AOM due to drug-resistant Staphylococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) and β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae (BLNAR), and the relation between antibiotics used for the management of AOM and the isolation of bacterial pathogens.

Material and Methods —Bacterial isolation and susceptibility tests were performed on specimens from children with AOM. Clinical information, including antibiotic treatment within the previous 30 days, was analyzed.

Results —DRSP was detected in 59.3% of Pneumococci isolates and BLNAR in 26.0% of H. influenzae isolates. As expected, the incidence of AOM caused by such drug-resistant bacteria has been increasing year on year, and 32% of cases have been treated with inappropriate antibiotics. In contrast, 32% of cases of AOM caused by DRSP and 50% caused by BLNAR were given antibiotics with high susceptibility to drug-resistant bacteria.

Conclusion —In order to ensure the most appropriate use of antibiotics, clinicians should consider performing tympanocentesis or myringotomy, with subsequent submission of the middle ear fluid for susceptibility testing. Furthermore, these results suggest that, as well as the selection of antibiotics, the dosage and period of dosing should also be considered in the management of AOM. In addition, other factors, in particular horizontal transmission from other infants in day care or nursery school, may affect the rapid spread of such drug-resistant bacteria.     

头孢他美酯治疗下呼吸道感染的疗效观察

目的:观察头孢他美酯治疗下呼吸道感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法:72例下呼吸道感染患者随机分为2组,各36例。治疗组用头孢他美酯片500 mg,po,bid;对照组用头孢呋辛酯片,500 mg,po,bid,疗程均为5～12 d。结果:治疗组和对照组的临床总有效率分别为86.1%和83.3%,细菌清除率分别为93.3%和90.0%,不良反应发生率均为5.8%。结论:头孢他美酯治疗下呼吸道感染疗效显著,细菌清除能力强,不良反应轻微。     

HPLC-DAD法测定阿莫西林舒巴坦匹酯分散片中舒巴坦匹酯含量及有关物质

目的:建立以高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法测定阿莫西林舒巴坦匹酯分散片中舒巴坦匹酯及有关物质含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Hypersil BDS,流动相为磷酸二氢钾溶液-乙腈(40∶60),检测器为二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为204nm,扫描范围为300～190nm,流速为1.0mL·min-1,进样量为10μL。结果:舒巴坦匹酯检测浓度的线性范围为119.83～1198.3μg·mL-1(r=0.9999);平均回收率为98.7%(RSD=0.65%);有关物质的含量为1.02%～1.10%。结论:本方法简便、准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。