国产封堵器治疗室间隔缺损

目的探讨国产室间隔缺损封堵器治疗室间隔缺损的可行性及近期疗效。方法2003年6月～2005年9月采用国产封堵器对122例(男65例,女57例)室间隔缺损患者进行封堵治疗。患者年龄1～25岁,平均(9.6±6.4)岁,经胸超声提示室间隔缺损的直径为3.2～14mm,平均(5.6±2.4)mm,心室造影示室间隔缺损的直径为2～10mm,平均(4.0±1.9)mm。在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器,并分别于术后3个月、6个月进行随访。结果122例患者封堵器置入成功,成功率100%。术后超声及造影示少量残余分流12例,3个月内消失。术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞5例,4周内消失。1例膜周部室间隔缺损距主动脉瓣无残端,应用偏心封堵器成功,1个月后复查出现主动脉瓣穿孔。结论应用国产室间隔缺损封堵器治疗室间隔缺损是安全有效的,近期效果良好,但中、远期疗效尚需更大规模的临床观察。     

小儿复合型先天性心脏病的介入治疗

目的:研究小儿复合型先天性心脏病经导管介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法:1994年3月至2003年12月适合经导管介入治疗的复合型先天性心脏病患儿15例,肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)伴房间隔缺损(A SD)或动脉导管未闭(PDA)者,先行PS瓣膜成形术,再堵塞A SD或PDA;主动脉缩窄(COA)伴PDA者,先行COA血管成形术,4~15个月后再行PDA堵塞术;主动脉瓣狭窄(A S)伴PDA者,先行瓣膜成形术,再行PDA堵塞;室间隔缺损(V SD)伴PDA采用弹簧圈封堵。结果:15例患者经导管介入治疗均获成功。除2例PDA术后即刻有少量紊流,余均无残漏。随访(3.57±2.61)年,跨瓣(或跨缩窄段)压差经超声心动图或导管测压除A S外均正常。围术期机械性溶血、弹簧圈脱落和动脉栓塞各1例。结论:复合型先天性心脏病经导管介入治疗只要恰当掌握指征,操作规范,可获得良好的治疗效果;对合并A S者,适应证的掌握及球囊大小的选择需进一步摸索。     

动脉调转术治疗合并肺动脉高压的室间隔缺损型心室大动脉连接异常患儿的手术适应证探讨

目的总结动脉调转术(ASO)治疗年龄6~84个月、合并中~重度肺动脉高压(PH)的室间隔缺损(VSD)型心室大动脉连接异常复杂先天性心脏病患儿的手术疗效,探讨适当的手术适应证。方法2000年1月至2004年12月,对23例年龄6~84个月、中~重度PH合并VSD的大动脉转位(TGA)和右室双出口(肺动脉瓣下室间隔缺损,Taussig-B ing畸形)患儿行ASO,其中男15例,女8例,年龄7~84(22±21)个月,肺动脉压力24~80(44±14)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),肺血管阻力(PRA)49.2~1261.9 dyn.s.cm-5。合并主要畸形:左室流出道狭窄3例,肺动脉瓣下隔膜1例,主动脉瓣下隔膜1例。手术在全麻、低温(18℃~22℃)、低流量(50 m l.kg-1.m in-1)体外循环下完成ASO,合并畸形同期矫治。对合并中~重度肺动脉高压的患儿,围手术期给予α受体阻滞剂或持续吸入低流量一氧化氮(NO)等治疗,改善肺血管压力;连续监测并控制肺动脉压、左房压、右房压。结果23例患儿病死率13%,3例死亡患儿死亡原因均与术前肺血管压力和阻力增高无明显关系。余患儿虽然术后呼吸机辅助时间及重症监护时间明显延长,但术后肺动脉压力均明显下降(23 mm Hg±9 mm Hg,t=13.28,P=0.000),痊愈出院。结论对年龄6~84个月,合并VSD并发中~重度PH的VSD型TGA和Taussig-B ing畸形患儿,如一般状况良好,紫绀不严重(经皮血氧饱和度>60%),X线胸片示两肺血较多,心导管检查显示肺血管阻力仍在可接受的范围(PRA<1000dyn.s.cm-5),采用ASO仍可取得满意的效果,扩大了ASO的手术适应证。     

膀胱全切乙状结肠去带膀胱术的心理护理与康复指导

目的 探讨膀胱全切乙状结肠去带膀胱术的心理护理与康复指导要点.方法 收治10例浸润性膀胱癌患者,术前对患者进行充分的心理护理,使配合膀胱全切乙状结肠去带膀胱术围手术期的各项处理;术后早期对患者行新膀胱功能训练、饮食指引等康复指导,随访观察手术的疗效.结果 所有手术均取得成功,术中无并发症发生;随访3～16个月,患者新膀胱功能良好,无尿道狭窄等明显并发症,所有患者白天可完全控制排尿.结论 术前耐心细致的心理护理结合术后早期正确的新膀胱功能训练康复指导是保证手术疗效、减少并发症的护理关键.     

Paradoxical embolization via a patent foramen ovale following acute pulmonary embolism

The foramen ovale is usually obliterated following establishment of the adult circulation but remains patent in 25% of individuals. This potential communication between the venous and arterial circulations can allow thromboembolic material to bypass the lungs and enter the systemic circulation. We report two cases of paradoxical embolization through a patent foramen ovale following acute large pulmonary embolism (PE) and discuss the factors that predispose to paradoxical embolization following PE.     

磁共振成像在分析脊髓栓系综合征神经损伤因素中的价值

目的研究腰骶椎磁共振成像(MRI)在评估脊髓栓系综合征(TCS)神经功能损伤中的价值,分析影响神经系统损害的因素。方法搜集TCS患者58例,按年龄分为小儿及成人两组,行MRI腰骶椎脊髓及终丝成像。神经损伤的轻重程度依临床表现分为4级。在MRI图像中观察脊髓圆锥的位置、形态及脊椎的全貌,按圆锥在椎管内的位置分为高低两级。结果58例TCS患者脊髓圆锥位置均低于L2椎体下缘,小儿组合并脊柱侧弯或腰椎生理曲度加大或硬膜囊扩张的脊柱畸形患者神经损伤程度较未合并脊柱畸形患者轻,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0035)。小儿组脊髓圆锥的位置较成人组低、神经损伤的程度较成人组严重,差异均有统计学意义。结论MRI可全面显示脊髓圆锥、终丝及周围组织形态,能为TCS患者脊髓张力的判断及神经损伤的评估提供重要的影像学依据。     

关节软骨缺损修复研究进展

关节软骨是滑膜关节重要的结构和功能单位,一旦关节软骨发生损伤,由于软骨组织本身缺乏血管,缺乏修复损伤和缺损的未分化细胞,软骨细胞包埋于致密的胶原一蛋白多糖基质中,限制了细胞的增殖和迁移能力,所以自身修复能力非常有限,若治疗不及时或不恰当,难以形成正常的关节软骨,因而无法满足正常关节的功能需求,将会导致严重的关节功能障碍。     

Burst Pressure Prediction of Subsea Supercritical CO2 Pipelines

To improve transportation efficiency, a supercritical CO₂ pipeline is the best choice for large-scale and long-distance transportation inshore and offshore. However, corrosion of the pipe wall will occur as a result of the presence of free water and other impurities present during CO₂ capture. Defects caused by corrosion can reduce pipe strength and result in pipe failure. In this paper, the burst pressure of subsea supercritical CO₂ pipelines under high pressure is investigated. First, a mechanical model of corroded CO₂ pipelines is established. Then, using the unified strength theory (UST), a new burst pressure equation for subsea supercritical CO₂ pipelines is derived. Next, analysis of the material’s intermediate principal stress parameters is conducted. Lastly, the accuracy of the burst pressure equation of subsea supercritical CO₂ pipelines is proven to meet the engineering requirement by experimental data. The results indicate that the parameter b of UST plays a significant role in determining burst pressure of pipelines. The study can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the design of subsea supercritical CO₂ pipelines.     

Clinical patterns of congenital ocular anomalies in the pediatric age group (0 to 5 years) and its association with various demographic parameters

Purpose:Congenital ocular anomalies are rare but important cause of childhood blindness. This study aimed to observe the clinical patterns of congenital ocular anomalies in the pediatric age group (0 to 5 years) and its association with various demographic parameters.Methods:Hospital-based cross-sectional study done on all pediatric patients in the 0-to-5-year age group presenting with congenital ocular anomalies to the Ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India between October 2018 and October 2020. Thorough clinical history was obtained, and comprehensive ocular examination was done in each case.Results:A total of 5686 patients in the 0 to 5 years age group attended the eye OPD during the study period. Congenital ocular anomalies were seen in 140 patients. The prevalence of ocular anomalies was 2.46%. Average age of patients was 3.32 ± 1.42 years. There were 74 (52.9%) males and 66 (47.1%) females. Unilateral and bilateral involvement was seen in 100 (71.45%) and 40 (28.6%) cases, respectively. Antenatal period was uneventful in 92.14% cases. Decreased vision was the most common presentation (40%). Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was the most common anomaly seen in 29 (20.71%) cases followed by congenital cataract in 21 (15%) cases.Conclusion:Few of the congenital ocular anomalies can be prevented by increasing community awareness. Findings of the study can act as a reference guide for clinicians and health professionals for counseling and health planning.