盐酸吡格列酮对鼠心脏成纤维细胞增殖的影响

目的 观察胰岛素增敏剂盐酸吡格列酮(PIO)对Wistar大鼠心脏成纤维细胞(CFs)增殖的抑制作用,探讨其与一氧化氮合酶-一氧化氮(NOS-NO)系统活性的关系.方法 采用胶原酶消化法培养Wistar大鼠的CFs、四氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定CFs的增殖情况、硝酸还原酶法测定CFs培养上清NO含量、分光光度计法测定CFs培养上清NOS活性.结果 CFs吸光值(A490值)随PIO干预浓度增加和作用时间延长而减低,呈浓度和时间依赖性;5×10-6 mol/L的PIO干预48 h后,CFs培养上清NO含量(221.7±35.3) μmol/L和NOS活性(15.38±1.82) U/mL高于对照组[(112.1±8.9 μmol/L)和(11.24±0.49) U/mL](P＜0.01).结论 PIO能够抑制大鼠CFs的增殖,具有浓度和时间依赖性,其效应可能是通过上调NOS-NO系统的活性来实现的.     

吡柔比星定位诊断用于膀胱原位癌30例

目的 探讨吡柔比星定位诊断膀胱原住癌的效果。方法将30例患者用吡柔比星溶液灌注膀胱并进行膀胱镜检,以吡柔比星橙色染色区域作为试验组进行病理学检查,以膀胱非染色区域作为对照组随机进行病理学检查。结果两组间效果比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．恶性黏膜吸收吡柔比星的敏感度和特异度分别为100％和90．00％（P〈0．05）。结论对于伴随膀胱癌或孤立的膀胱原位癌,吡柔比星定位方法操作简便、直观,具有良好的定位诊断意义。     

铂类药物在肿瘤治疗中的应用

经过将近半个世纪的发展,铂类药物的研究取得了重要进展。一方面,新型铂类药物不断涌现,奈达铂、奥沙利铂、乐铂、舒铂相继通过临床试验投入,临床使用,另还有许多卡铂和顺铂的类似物、亲脂性的铂配合物、具有空间位阻的铂配合物和可口服的铂配合物正处于临床试验阶段,其中有些可能成为未来的新型铂类药物;另一方面,铂类药物联合其他抗癌药物治疗能显著提高抗癌疗效,对肿瘤耐药性研究也取得了重要突破。     

Aminotetralins as selective beta-adrenergic agonists.

Aminotetralin derivatives M-8 and JOD-176, were studied in relation to isoproterenol for beta-adrenergic activity. M-8 and JOD-176 were found to be very weak in activating cardiac beta-receptors. These compounds were also found to be considerably more active in uterine and bronchial smooth muscle. Because these compounds were also shown to be very inactive in vascular smooth muscle, the possibility that beta-receptors in different smooth muscle types may also differ was suggested.     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术与膀胱部分切除术治疗膀胱肿瘤的效果对比

目的：探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术和膀胱部分切除术治疗膀胱瘤的临床效果。方法选取2012年7月~2014年7月在本院治疗的44例膀胱肿瘤患者作为研究对象,根据手术类型将其分为对照组(12例)和观察组(32例)。对照组行膀胱部分切除术,观察组行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。比较两组术中、术后的各项指标以及并发症发生率。结果观察组术中出血量显著少于对照组,手术时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间和住院时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率为6.25%,显著低于对照组的41.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经尿道肿瘤电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤可减少术中出血量,降低术后并发症发生率。     

双氢青蒿素诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的信号通路研究进展

双氢青蒿素作为青蒿素的重要衍生物,是我国自行研制出的抗疟新药。近些年来,人们对双氢青蒿素进行了多方面的研究,在抗肿瘤研究方面有许多新进展,发现其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制与多条信号通路有关,例如PI3K/Akt、MAPK、STAT3、Wnt/β-catenin、NF-κB等信号通路。通过对作用机制的深入研究和阐述有望发现双氢青蒿素的新适应症,使其在临床上的应用更加广泛。     

核素扫描、CT、MRI确定骨转移肿瘤区的作用比较

目的 比较核素扫描、CT、MRI界定骨转移肿瘤区的价值。方法 16例骨转移瘤中包括肺癌5例、乳腺癌3例、直肠癌3例、肝癌1例、原发灶不明4例。CT、MRI与核素骨扫描的间隔时间少于14d。结果 50个骨转移灶或经局部放疗后疼痛缓解或消失,或经病理、或经随访证实。47个病灶MRI阳性,44个部位骨扫描呈阳性表现(5个部位证实为假阳性),29个病灶CT表现阳性。MRI界定的22个病灶范围大于CT,6个病灶显示较CT明确,21个病灶二者相当。结论 MRI确定骨转移肿瘤区的价值大于CT,因此在做骨转移瘤放射治疗方案时,最好参考MRI。     

冰冻切片、快速石蜡切片在中枢神经系统肿瘤诊断中的应用价值比较

目的：比较冰冻切片与快速石蜡切片诊断中枢神经系统肿瘤的应用价值。方法选取本院2012年6月~2014年6月接收的293例中枢神经系统肿瘤疑似患者为研究对象,所有病例均行冰冻切片与快速石蜡切片病理诊断,将其诊断结果与术后常规石蜡切片病理结果进行对照分析,计算两种检查方法的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值与阴性预测值,并进行对比。比较三种切片方法操作所需时间。结果术后常规石蜡切片所需时间为(5.07±0.28)d,快速石蜡切片为(6.49±0.67) h,冰冻切片为(6.91±0.54)h,冰冻切片与快速石蜡切片需要时间显著短于术后常规石蜡切片(P<0.05)。术后常规石蜡切片诊断出中枢神经系统肿瘤256例(87.37%);非中枢神经系统肿瘤37例(12.63%)。应用快速石蜡切片对中枢神经系统肿瘤诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断准确率均显著高于冰冻切片(P<0.05)。结论快速石蜡切片能及时发现、诊断中枢神经系统肿瘤,相较于冰冻切片,具有较高的灵敏度、特异度和准确度,值得推广应用。     

Preclinical factors affecting the interindividual variability in the clearance of the investigational anti-cancer drug 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid

Cancer chemotherapy is characterized by significant interindividual variations in systemic clearance, therapeutic response, and toxicity. These variations are due mainly to genetic factors, leading to alterations in drug metabolism and/or target proteins. The aim of this study was to determine, using a human liver bank (N=14), the interindividual variations in the expression and activity of liver enzymes that metabolize the investigational anticancer drug 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), i.e cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A9/2B7). In addition, interindividual variations in enzyme inhibition, hydrolysis of DMXAA acyl glucuronide (DMXAA-G) by plasma and hepatic microsomes, and the binding of DMXAA by plasma proteins also were examined. The results indicated that there was approximately one order of magnitude of interindividual variation in the expression of CYP1A2 and UGT2B7, activity of the enzymes toward DMXAA, and inhibition potency (IC(50)) by diclofenac, cyproheptadine, and alpha-naphthoflavone. The enzyme activities toward DMXAA and IC(50) values were closely correlated with enzyme expression. There was a smaller (2- to 3-fold) variation in the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of DMXAA acyl glucuronide in human plasma and liver microsomes (N=6) and in the binding of DMXAA by plasma proteins in humans. In conclusion, the interindividual variability of DMXAA disposition observed in vitro might reflect the greater elimination variability (>one order of magnitude) in Phase I cancer patients. The variability in DMXAA clearance in these cancer patients would be due mainly to differences in its metabolism and its metabolic inhibition by co-administered drugs. To a lesser extent, variability in the clearance of DMXAA could be due to the hydrolysis of its acyl glucuronide and/or its binding to plasma proteins. Further study is needed to examine the genotype-phenotype relationship, and the result, together with therapeutic drug monitoring may provide a useful strategy for optimizing DMXAA treatment.     

支气管肺泡灌洗液肿瘤标志物检测对肺癌诊断的价值

目的：探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中3种肿瘤标志物的检测在肺癌诊断及病情评估中的价值。方法：采用电化学发光法、酶联免疫吸附法检测61例确诊的肺癌患者和42例肺良性病变患者BALF中癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白片断19（CYFRA21-1）及神经特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）的含量并进行分析比较。结果：肺癌患者BALF中3种肿瘤标志物的含量均明显高于肺良性病变患者（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；不同病理类型肺癌中，各肿瘤标志物升高的程度均有所不同，CYFRA21-1在非小细胞肺癌中升高明显，且随着TNM临床分期的升高，其含量亦明显升高。NSE则在小细胞肺癌中升高明显。结论：BALF中3种肿瘤标志物的检测在肺癌的诊断，病理类型的判定及临床分期等方面均有较高的临床价值。