Increased carbon monoxide levels in the nasal airways of subjects with a history of seasonal allergic rhinitis and in patients with upper respiratory tract infection

BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as an endogenously produced gaseous mediator known to be involved in bronchial smooth muscle regulation. Increased amounts of CO have been found in exhaled air during asthma and lower airway inflammation. Recently CO has been shown to be produced in the nasal airways, but there are no reports of altered CO levels in nasal airways during inflammation. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate if CO levels increase in the human nasal airways during inflammatory conditions, such as allergy and upper airway respiratory tract infection (URTI). METHODS: CO was sampled separately from the upper and lower airways of 13 healthy control subjects, six patients with a history of allergic rhinitis and six patients with URTI. RESULTS: Nasal CO levels were increased in subjects with allergic rhinitis, compared to healthy controls (2.07 +/- 0.15 ppm, n = 6 and 1.62 +/- 0.08 ppm, n = 13, respectively, P < 0.01). CO levels were also increased in patients with URTI, compared to the same controls (1.92 +/- 0.09 ppm, n = 6, P < 0.05). Normal levels of CO were found in air from the lower airways among subjects with allergic rhinitis, whereas corresponding levels in the URTI patients were increased. CONCLUSION: The present data demonstrates that upper airway CO levels increase in parallel with different inflammatory stimuli, such as allergy and infection, suggesting a role for CO as marker or mediator of nasal inflammation.     

14年间住院病人主要病因和死因变化趋势

目的　探讨 1990～ 2 0 0 3年住院病人的主要病因和死因及变化趋势的方向、强度。方法　分析我院 1990～ 2 0 0 3年录入广东省卫生厅“广东省医院统计病案管理系统”的统计资料 ,计算住院病人主要疾病、死亡病因 1990～ 1999年、2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年两个阶段的年均构成比 ,观察顺位变化 ,用回归分析的方法计算变化趋势。结果　 1) 1990～ 1999年主要住院病因顺位是消化系统疾病 (15 .6 2 % )、损伤和中毒 (13.16 % )、循环系统疾病 (11.2 4 % )、呼吸系统疾病 (10 .4 7% )、恶性肿瘤 (10 .4 3% ) ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年顺位是循环系统疾病 (16 .4 1% ) (其中缺血性心脏病占 2 2 .98% ,脑血管病占 39.6 8% ) ,损伤和中毒(12 .80 % )、消化系统疾病 (11.76 % )、呼吸系统疾病 (9.5 3% )、恶性肿瘤 (8.73% ) ,循环系统疾病呈显著上升趋势 (B =4 .2 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,消化系统疾病呈显著下降趋势 (B =- 3.17,P <0 .0 5 ) ;2 ) 1990～ 2 0 0 3年住院死因顺位为恶性肿瘤 (2 9.2 9% )、循环系统疾病 (2 5 .91% )、损伤和中毒 (12 .6 3% )、呼吸系统疾病(6 .18% ) ,消化系统疾病 (5 .77% ) ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年恶性肿瘤呈显著下降趋势 (B =- 3.88,P <0 .0 5 ) ,循环系统疾病呈上升趋势但无显著性 (B =0 .84 ,P >0     

慢性氟中毒对小鼠切牙胚内釉上皮TGF-beta1表达的影响

目的 :观察慢性氟中毒对小鼠切牙胚内釉上皮表达 TGF- beta1的影响 ,探讨TGF- beta1在氟牙症发生机制中的作用。方法 :给小鼠分别喂以含 0、5 0、1 0 0 ppm Na F的饮水 ,6周后免疫组化观察结果。结果 :图像分析显示加氟组 TGF- beta1的表达水平低于空白组。结论 :氟可能通过抑制 TGF- beta1的表达干扰内釉上皮的分化和基质分泌 ,导致氟牙症的发生。     

脑血管反应性检测方法的临床评价

目的对二氧化碳吸入、屏气及过度换气等3种不同的脑血管反应性检测方法进行比较,拟为临床应用探索一种有效且简便的方法。方法70例健康体格检查者通过经颅多普勒(TCD)超声技术常规检测颅底及颈部各动脉,然后分别进行二氧化碳吸入试验、过度换气试验和屏气试验,记录试验前后双侧大脑中动脉血流速度变化数据和趋势,检测脑血管反应性。结果吸入二氧化碳后,大脑中动脉平均血流速度明显加快,增加率为(44.86±10.18)%;过度换气时,平均血流速度明显减慢,于过度换气20～30s后降至平台期,平均下降率为(33.63±8.62)%,直至过度通气结束血流速度无明显变化。70例受试者平均屏气时间为(41.66±9.51)s,其中男性屏气时间(42.05±9.23)s,女性(40.63±10.47)s,男女之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);屏气后大脑中动脉平均血流速度明显加快,增加率为(46.53±11.83)%;平均屏气指数为1.16±0.37;屏气后血流速度增加率和屏气指数之间呈高度正相关(r=0.865,P<0.01);当屏气时间>30s时,无论采用屏气后血流速度增加率或屏气指数作为分析指标,均可准确地反映脑血管反应性变化。对二氧化碳吸入试验、过度换气试验及屏气试验3种不同方法进行比较显示,过度换气试验与二氧化碳吸入试验、屏气试验间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而二氧化碳吸入试验与屏气试验之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论二氧化碳吸入试验、屏气试验和过度换气试验均可有效地评价脑血管反应性,其中以屏气试验评价脑血管反应性更为简便。     

Hepatoprotective effects of diethylcarbamazine in acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

This research was carried out to determine a potential role of leukotrienes in the acute hepatotoxicity induced by CC14 in rats. An inhibitor of leukotrienes biosynthesis, diethylcarbamazine (DEC, 25 and 50 mg ·kg-1 ip) exerted hepatoprotective effects, decreasing the activity of alanine aminotransfer-ase in serum and the concentration of liver triglycerides. DEC reduced histological damage of liver evidenced by electron microscopy. The hepatoprotective effects of DEC were dose-dependent. The results favor the role of leukotrienes in CC14 hepatotoxicity.     

新螯合剂对铍中毒的解毒和促排效果

本文报道了新蟹合剂8102,S186对铍中毒动物的解毒和促排作用,并与811,DTPA 进行比较,大、小鼠BeSO_4中毒后,给予不同剂量的螯合剂解毒,结果表明,8102,S186对铍中毒动物的解毒效果均优于后两种,对大鼠的解毒作用8102优于S186,但S186对小鼠的解毒作用优于8102。螫合剂对大鼠BeSO_4染毒的排铍效果实验结果证明:各螫合剂的排铍效果强弱:8102>S186>811>DTPA。8102和S186对大鼠急性铍中毒有明显的排铍效果,若染毒前1h 或延迟4h 给药,仍有显著的排铍作用,但低于即刻用药组的效果。8102对亚急性染毒带铍状态亦有较高促排铍的作用。     

冶金炼铁炉前工人职业性皮损调查研究

冶金炼铁炉前工人职业性皮损调查研究关虹，王溪鸿，杨玉萍（辽宁省本溪钢铁公司劳动卫生研究所，１１７０２１）作者对炼铁炉前工人＂熊猫眼＂样皮损病因及特异部位皮损进行研究，为改善劳动条件，防治职业性皮肤病提供一些依据。以某炼铁厂５号炉前工人为观察组，以炼钢...     

梭曼中毒动物中枢神经系统病变与惊厥的关系

用神经组织学方法观察了兔、猫、狗、猴梭曼中毒急救治疗后CNS的病理变化.结果表明,CNS病变程度随着惊厥持续时间的延长而加重,抗惊剂可以保护CNS免受损伤.不同种动物梭曼引起的CNS病变基本相似,均为神经细胞的缺血性改变.主要病变包括大脑皮质、丘脑、海马、小脑和脊髓的神经细胞尼氏体溶解、核浓缩和细胞表面结痂.由于CNS病变与惊厥有密切关系,因此梭曼中毒后必须应用抗惊剂.     

Local cerebral blood flow measured by stable xenon CT during fentanyl-diazepam anesthesia

We assessed the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in 40 patients under fentanyl-diazepam anesthesia. The measurement of LCBF was made using 50%–70% stable xenon with 20 min of inhalation interval and a shuttle method for computed tomography imaging. All patients were anesthetized with 5.95±1.76 μg·kg⁻¹ fentanyl and 0.22±0.07 mg·kg⁻¹ diazepam under mechanical ventilation during CBF measurement. The values and distribution of LCBF on non-affected hemisphere appeared to be unaltered by fentanyldiazepam anesthesia. We also assessed the cerebral carbon dioxide reactivity in 6 patients. The cerebral carbon dioxide reactivity, expressed as percentage change in LCBF per unit change in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, was 5.39±1.07, and there were no significant differences of reactivity among regions studied. In conclusion, we showed reference values of LCBF and carbon dioxide reactivity, measured by stable xenon-enhanced computed tomography, in patients under fentanyl-diazepam anesthesia. Carbon dioxide reactivity was preserved in all regions including gray matter, white matter, and basal ganglia.     

急性有机磷中毒患者血液流变学的变化及临床意义

目的:探索急性有机磷农药中毒(Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning,AOPP)患者血液流变学的变化及临床意义。方法:根据患者入院时有机磷农药中毒程度,分为轻、中、重度中毒3组及健康对照组。对各中毒组第1、3、5、7d分别采取静脉血作血液流变学指标的动态观察。健康对照组门诊检测一次。结果:轻、中、重度中毒三组血液流变学各项指标随中毒的严重程度而变化显著。中毒初期,红细胞数(RBc)、血小板(PLT)、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数升高,红细胞变性能力降低,随病情好转,血液流变学各项指标逐渐恢复。结论:动态观察急性有机磷中毒患者血液流变学的变化对病情判断、指导治疗有一定临床意义。