Alterations in endogenous pain modulation in endurance athletes: An experimental study using quantitative sensory testing and the cold-pressor task

There is evidence for long-term alterations in pain tolerance among athletes compared with normally active controls. However, scientific data on pain thresholds in this population are inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms for the differences remain unclear. Therefore, we assessed differences and similarities in pain perception and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) at rest in endurance athletes and normally active controls.     

Physician Reported Incentives and Disincentives for Referring Patients to Hospice

Previous research has affirmed the key role of the physician in the decision to use hospice. Yet at least 1/4 of the physicians who have the opportunity to discuss hospice with a terminally ill patient never do so, and those that do so are selective. The present study used a qualitative approach to investigate the factors considered by the physician when deciding to discuss hospice with a patient. Participants were 17 practicing physicians who had referred patients to the one certified hospice in the geographic area of the study. Data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews, which were audiotaped and transcribed for thematic analysis. The final categorization of data divided themes along two dimensions: a content dimension and a second dimension called incentives and disincentives. It is proposed that the physician’s proactive stance toward disclosure of the terminal diagnosis and perception of hospice as an opportunity for death with dignity create a culture within which the work that is necessary to make the other factors favorable toward use of hospice is accomplished.     

Pain as a Human Right

On October 11, 2004, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the European Federation of IASP Chapters (EFIC) held a Global Day against Pain campaign to promote pain relief as a human right. International leaders in pain management and public health participated in the full day program that took place in Geneva Switzerland and was simultaneously broadcast around the world through the Word Wide Web. The declaration and statements that were released and announced, and selected contents of the program are summarized in this report.     

中西医结合治疗对脊柱压缩性骨折患者临床疗效、疼痛症状及骨折愈合效果的影响

目的:分析中西医结合治疗脊柱压缩性骨折的临床疗效,及对患者治疗过程中疼痛评分、骨折愈合效果的影响,为临床脊柱压缩性骨折患者的临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法:选取2016年9月至2018年8月广州市番禺区中医院收治的脊柱压缩性骨折患者138例作为研究对象,采取抽签法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组69例。2组患者均行日常生活指导、常规药物治疗及分阶段康复锻炼,观察组在常规治疗的基础上予以分阶段辨证中药汤剂辅助治疗。2组患者均以连续治疗2个月为1个疗程。比较2组患者治疗前、治疗3 d、治疗7 d、治疗1个月时疼痛评分(VAS)变化,治疗前、治疗后椎体前缘高度、矢状面指数、Cobb角变化比较,治疗前、治疗1个月、治疗2个月后骨密度变化,完成治疗后,2组患者骨折愈合临床疗效判断并比较。结果:1) 2组患者治疗前VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),治疗3 d、7 d、1个月后2组患者VAS评分均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组低于对照组(P 0. 05)。2) 2组患者椎体在治疗前,椎体前缘高度、矢状面指数和Cobb的椎体角比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);治疗后2组患者的椎体前缘高度明显增加,且观察组高于对照组(P 0. 05),2组患者矢状面指数、Cobb角均较治疗前降低,且观察组均低于对照组(P 0. 05)。3) 2组患者治疗前骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),治疗后1、2个月骨密度均较治疗前明显提升,且观察组均高于对照组(P 0. 05)。4)完成治疗后观察组治疗有效率(94. 4%)显著高于对照组(75. 3%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:采用中西医结合治疗脊柱压缩性骨折患者,可有效降低患者治疗期间骨关节疼痛,提升骨密度,促进骨折结构恢复,提高临床治疗效果,具有较高的临床价值。     

脑下垂体阻滞术的临床应用

应用脑下垂体阻滞术后于例全性顽痛及四例癌痛的治疗，获得满意效果。经Ｘ线检查了解蝶窦、蝶鞍、筛窦所见，并用鼻匀确认鼻腔有无异常，据此选定拟穿刺的鼻孔。平卧全麻后在Ｘ线电视荧光屏下，用特制的脑下垂体双重套针行经鼻脑下垂体穿刺，针尖穿过鞍低到鞍内脑下垂体后，注入造影剂并折片确认针位正确，注入无水乙醇１．８￣２．０ｍｌ。分别用于全身性顽痛、宫颈癌Ⅲ期ｂ、转移性肺癌、外阴癌、卵巢癌痛。本组５例平均疼痛记分（     

Does postoperative locally applied second shot analgesia improve the patients' pain perception after tension free hernia repair? A doubleblinded study

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible advantage concerning the perceived level of pain following tension free hernia repair, by applying local anesthesia postoperatively. A prospective randomised double blind study was performed on patients undergoing tension free hernia repair according to the techniques of Lichtenstein. Two groups, each consisting of 30 patients, underwent tension free hernia repair under local anesthesia, during which a drainage tube was placed beneath the aponeurotic layer of the external oblique muscle. On the first postoperative day the patients received either local anesthesia (LA) or isotonic saline, through the drainage tube, which was then removed. For a period of six days, from the operation day onwards, the perceived level of pain was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). All patients were mobilised early, the latest being 4 hours after the operation. Comparing the perceived pain levels (VAS) between the two groups of patients there was no significant or relevant advantages of applying local anesthesia. If performing the tension free hernia repair under local anesthesia conditions, the application of local anesthesia 24 hours later does not significantly reduce the perceived level of pain. This kind of analgesia is, therefore, not recommended for postoperative analgesia after tension free hernia repair.     

背根神经节小胶质细胞活化在大鼠术后持续性痛形成中的作用

目的 评价背根神经节小胶质细胞活化在大鼠术后持续性痛形成中的作用.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠70只,体重200 ～ 250 g,采用皮肤肌肉切口牵拉法建立术后持续性痛模型,采用随机数字表法,将其分为2组(n=35):假手术组(S组)和术后持续性痛组(SMIR组).分别于术前ld、术后1、3、7、12、22和32 d时,测定机械痛阈.上述各时点痛阈测试完毕后,随机取5只大鼠,计数背根神经节小胶质细胞.结果 与S组比较,SMIR组术后3～22 d时机械痛阈降低,术后3～12d时背根神经节小胶质细胞计数升高(P＜0.05).结论 背根神经节小胶质细胞的活化可能参与了大鼠术后持续性痛的形成.     

罗哌卡因在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛中选择的必要性

背景 腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术后疼痛值得重视,目前,罗哌卡因已广泛应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛治疗. 目的 总结罗哌卡因对LC术后疼痛的作用. 内容 综述罗哌卡因在LC术后镇痛中的不同使用方法. 趋向 未来的研究重点应该是寻求更好的联合用药和联合方法用于LC术后镇痛.