血浆降钙素基因相关肽与多发性肌炎、皮肌炎的关系

目的：本文对血浆降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＰＰ）与多发性肌炎／皮肌炎（ＰＭ／ＤＭ） 的关系进行研究,探讨其血管损伤的发病机制。方法：采用放射免疫分析法测定３０例健 康人和３０例ＰＭ／ＤＭ病人ＣＧＲＰ水平变化。结果：ＰＷＤＭ血浆ＣＧＲＰ浓度较正常人降 低（Ｐ＜００１）, ＰＭ／ＤＭ病人有肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）升高和补体Ｃ_３、Ｃ_４下降者其ＣＧＲＰ水平降 低明显（Ｐ＜０.０１）,治疗前后三个月ＣＧＲＰ水平有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,直线相关分析表 明,血浆ＣＧＲＰ与ＣＫ呈显著负相关,与补体Ｃ_３、Ｃ_４呈显著正相关。结论：ＣＧＲＰ参与了 ＰＭＤＭ血管损伤的发病过程,测定血浆ＣＧＲＰ水平变化可望作为判定病程严重程度和治 疗效果的一个指标,此结果为ＣＧＲＰ治疗ＰＭ／ＤＭ的应用提供依据。     

Early and delayed cardioprotection by heat stress is mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide

Brief ischaemia or heat stress protects the myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Heat stimulus evokes release of sensory nerve transmitters, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Since CGRP has been shown to play an important role in the mediation of ischaemic preconditioning, the present study examined whether early or delayed preconditioning induced by retrograde hyperthermic perfusion in vitro or by whole-body hyperthemia in vivo also involves endogenous CGRP. Isolated rat hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode and subjected to 30 min global ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion. Heart rate, coronary flow, left ventricular pressure and its first derivatives (±dp/dt) were recorded and the CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) content and the release of creatine kinase (CK) during reperfusion were measured. Retrograde hyperthermic perfusion (42 °C) for 5 min improved the recovery of cardiac function, decreased the release of CK and elevated the content of CGRP-LI in the coronary effluent. CGRP_8–37 (10^–7 mol/l), a selective CGRP receptor antagonist, abolished the cardioprotection by heat stress. Pretreatment with capsaicin (50 mg/kg s.c.), which specifically depletes sensory nerve transmitter content, abolished both the cardioprotection and the increased release of CGRP-LI. Whole-body hyperthermia (42 °C for 15 min) caused an increase in the plasma concentration of CGRP-LI. Early or delayed protection was shown in the hearts obtained from the animals subjected to whole-body hyperthermia 10 min or 48 h before the experiments. The early or delayed protection by heat stress was also abolished by pretreatment with capsaicin. The present study suggests that, in the rat, the early and delayed cardioprotection induced by heat stress involves endogenous CGRP. Received: 31 December 1998 / Accepted: 6 April 1999     

Assessment of thyroidal "C" cell secretion in osteoporotic girls with Turner''s syndrome. Basal and calcium-stimulated levels of total calcitonin, extractable calcitonin and katakalcin

Osteoporosis is a common finding in Turner's syndrome. To test the hypothesis that calcitonin deficiency may contribute to bone mineral loss in Turner's syndrome, we studied basal and calcium-stimulated (2 mg/kg body weight in 5 min) levels of total calcitonin, extractable calcitonin and katacalcin in 15 girls with Turner's syndrome and osteoporosis. Fifteen age-matched healthy girls were studied as controls. Both basal calcitonin (total and extractable) and katacalcin values were not significantly different in patients with Turner's syndrome in comparison with those of the controls. The calcium stimulation test showed a similar "C" cell secretory reserve in both groups. The calculation of delta CT/delta iCa of total and extractable calcitonin and delta KC/delta iCa, which accounts for individual variations in serum ionized calcium increases, did not show any significant difference between girls with Turner's syndrome and controls. We conclude that calcitonin deficiency is not a causative factor of osteoporosis in girls with Turner's syndrome and that in this syndrome long-life estrogen deficiency does not impair "C" cell secretory activity.     

Active transport of polypeptides in rabbit nasal mucosa: Possible role in the sampling of potential antigens

Transepithelial pathways of macromolecule transport have been studied in vitro in rabbit nasal respiratory mucosa, maintained at 27° C. Transepithelial electrical potential difference, short-circuit current and resistance were 3.4±0.5mV (submucosa positive), 65.0±6.7 A cm^–2 and 52.1±5.6 cm^–2 respectively (n=15). These electrical characteristics are those of a leaky epithelium allowing macromolecules to permeate paracellularly. A detailed permeation study of a polypeptide (elcatonin, M _w=3362) was also undertaken. Elcatonin mucosa-submucosa (J _ms) and submucosa-mucosa (J _sm) fluxes were measured by radioimmunoassay. With 10 g/ml elcatonin, J _ms was significantly larger than J _sm for the whole 120-min period of observation; net flux showed a maximum in the first 30 min (J _ms=13.6±1.0 ng cm^–2 h^–1, J _sm=1.4±0.1 ng cm^–2 h^–1, n=10). J _ms fell towards the value of J _sm if the temperature was reduced to 4°C or if the mucosa was simultaneously treated with 0.1 mM dinitrophenol and 3 mM monoiodoacetate. J _ms and J _net followed saturation kinetics with increasing elcatonin concentrations. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (M _r=4500) produced a similar pattern to elcatonin. However, J _ms and J _sm were not significantly different from each other at any time either for [³H]sucrose (M _w=342) or for [¹⁴C]polyethyleneglycol-4000 (M _w=4000) when present in the bathing medium at 500 M concentration. The results show active transport of polypeptides in parallel with passive permeation (possibly through leaky intercellular junctions). Active transport does not appear to be related to nonspecific pinocytosis but to receptor-mediated endocytosis. The latter may be important for the sampling of potential antigens from the nasal lumen.     

针刺对急性高血压脑出血大鼠血浆ET和CGRP调整作用

目的：探索针刺对急性高血压大鼠治疗作用机制。方法：复制急性高血压脑出血大鼠模型。观察针刺对血浆ET和CGRP的影响。结果：针刺能降低血浆ET和升高CGRP。结论：针刺对急性高血压脑出血大鼠治疗作用与其降低血浆ET和CGRP密切相关。     

冠心病患者血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽检测的临床意义

目的　探讨内皮素 (ET)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)在冠心病患者中的作用。方法　应用放射免疫法对 36例冠心病进行了血浆ET、CGRP水平测定 ,并与 35名正常健康人作对照。结果　冠心病患者血浆ET水平高于正常人组 (P <0 .0 1)、CGRP水平低于正常人组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　ET和CGRP水平与冠心病的发生和发展有密切的关系     

58例甲状腺髓样癌降钙素及其基因相关肽检测的临床意义

目的:探讨甲状腺髓样癌患者降钙素及其基因相关肽的变化规律以指导临床治疗方案的选择和患者预后的判断.方法:对58例甲状腺髓样癌患者血清中降钙素进行分析及应用免疫组织化学方法观察相应标本中降钙素及其基因相关肽的表达情况;对新入组患者进行放射免疫学测定.结果:1)术前降钙素水平正常与升高的患者之间,颈淋巴结转移存在显著性差异(P＜0.01).2)术后1个月降钙素水平正常与升高的患者之间,肿瘤复发存在显著性差异(P＜0.01).3)约98%的患者肿瘤标本降钙素染色呈阳性,而降钙素基因相关肽的阳性率为87.8%.4)部分术前降钙素水平正常的惠者降钙素基因相关肽水平升高.5)术后1周左右降钙素下降至一稳定水平.结论:降钙素可以作为指导甲状腺髓样癌诊断和治疗的重要指标,检测降钙素基因相关肽有助于部分降钙素阴性的甲状腺髓样癌患者术前诊断.     

PCR检测降钙素基因高甲基化在白血病微小残留病灶诊断中的价值

为探讨甲基化分析在白血病微小残留病灶（MRD）中的价值，用酶切加PCR技术研究31的初诊期急性髓细胞白血病（AML），14例对照者以及在18个月中动态观察5例AML治疗前后降钙素（CT）基因高甲基化的变化。31N初诊期AML中25例，14例对照者中的0呈现CT基因高甲基化（P＜0．01）。动态观察的5例AML，全部初诊期及完全缓解时的4例呈现CT基因高甲基化，其中3例分别于完全缓解后3个月、5个月、6个月复发。完全缓解和CT基因高甲基化阳性1例及阴性1例未复发。提示该方法有助于检测AML的MRD。     

鲑鱼降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松症的疗效观察

目的　观察鲑鱼降钙素对老年骨质疏松症的治疗效果。方法　将经定量CT(QCT)测定确 诊为骨质疏松且有临床症状的老年患者105例分成两组,鲑鱼降钙素组48例,予鲑鱼降钙素肌肉注射,每 天1次50IU,连用7d后,改为50IU隔天1次,连用14d后,改为50IU每周2次,连用4周为一个疗程,间 隔2个月后再重复,共1年,同时加服钙尔奇D(含元素钙600mg,维生素D125IU)每天1片;钙剂组57 例,单纯口服钙尔奇D每天1片,疗程1年,两组治疗前后均测定2～4腰椎(L2～4)骨密度(BMD),治疗前 后记录临床症状。结果　鲑鱼降钙素组较钙剂组骨痛症状缓解(89.6%和42.1%)效果明显(P<0.01), 鲑鱼降钙素组腰椎BMD治疗后(0.85±0.09)mg/cm3,较治疗前(0.81±0.05)mg/cm3有所升高(P< 0.05);钙剂组BMD无明显改变。结论　鲑鱼降钙素与钙剂联合应用对治疗老年骨质疏松症有缓解临床 症状及增加腰椎BMD的作用。     

降钙素原在诊断新生儿感染中的应用价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原（procalationin，PCT）在新生儿感染性疾病中的诊断价值。方法我院新生儿病区的118例患儿分重症感染组51例、局部感染组37例和非感染组30例三组进行降钙素原的测定，并与C反应蛋白（c—reactive protein,CRP）进行比较。结果重症感染组PCT阳性率（86．27％）与局部感染组和非感染组的PCT阳性率（37．84％和16．67％）比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01），重症感染组CRP的阳性率与另两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈．01）。以PCT2ng／ml为临界值，诊断重症感染的特异性达97．01％，与CRP相比，PCT诊断重症感染的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值更高，诊断准确性高。结论细菌感染时血清PCT早期即升高，可作为新生儿感染的早期检测指标，其诊断价值优于CRP，它与感染严重程度有较好的相关性，可用于评价疗效和估计预后。