Effects of denervation,immobilization and cachexia on fibre size in the anterior tibial muscle of the rat

Summary The effects of denervation, immobilization and cachexia on the size of the various histochemical fibre types were studied in the anterior tibial muscle of male Wistar rats aged 60–100 days. Denervation was induced by unilateral sectioning of the sciatic nerve, immobilization by a plaster cast on one hindlimb and cachexia by restriction of food intake.In the anterior tibial muscle of the normal rat, three fibre types can be identified by myofibrillar ATPase stain after alkaline preincubation. These fibres were called dark (D-fibres), intermediate (I-fibres) and light fibres (L-fibres), respectively. The I-fibres correspond to the fast-twitch type 2 fibres and the L-fibres to the slow-twitch type 1 fibres. The D-fibres have intermediate characteristics, but they probably belong to the type 2 group.The three fibre types reacted differently to denervation, immobilization and cachexia. Denervation caused progressive atrophy of the D- and I-fibres and almost no change of the L-fibres. Immobilization caused minor reduction in size of the D- and I-fibres during the first days and no change thereafter, whereas the L-fibres showed transitory hypertrophy. Cachexia, on the other hand, resulted in progressive atrophy of all three fibre types but a predominant affection of the D- and I-fibres. The different susceptibilities of the various fibre types suggest different mechanisms for atrophy of muscle in these three conditions.     

OSCC患者瘦素水平测定及其临床意义的研究

目的：评价口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）病人唾液和血液中的瘦素的水平变化及其临床意义。方法：对40例非口腔鳞状细胞癌患者（非OSCC组）和50例口腔鳞状细胞癌患者（OSCC组）,唾液和血液中的瘦素水平通过酶联免疫吸附实验测定。结果：OSCC组唾液和血液中瘦素水平明显下降,与非OSCC组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）,且唾液和血液中瘦素水平和病人的体重分布,病理分级,TNM分期具有显著的相关性。同时,唾液和血液中的瘦素水平在OSCC组和非OSCC组之间有较高的相关性。结论：唾液和血液中瘦素的水平可能参与OSCC的病理进程,可能是检测OSCC病理进程,提示预后的有效标志物。     

细胞因子IL-1、IL-6和IL-8水平与胃窦癌恶病质关系

目的探讨胃窦癌病人血清细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-1、IL-6和IL-8的水平与恶病质发生的关系。方法125例胃窦癌病人分为恶病质组与非恶病质组,将近6个月体质量下降〉10％者定义为恶病质病人。通过放射免疫学方法对胃窦癌病人及健康对照组进行血清IL-1、IL-6和IL-8含量的检测。结果胃窦癌病人血清中3种细胞因子含量较对照组均显著升高（Z=-8．186～-4．665,P〈0．05）,胃窦癌恶病质病人血清IL-6和IL-8含量较非恶病质病人显著升高（Z=-5．018、-3．134,P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,IL-6（OR=1．048,95％CI：1．021～1．075）和IL-8（OR=3．150,95％CI：0．988～10．037）为恶病质发生的高风险性因素。结论血清IL-6和IL-8水平与胃窦癌病人恶病质的发生具有相关性。     

食管癌—恶病质的治疗思路及策略

总结历代文献结合个人经验,系统论述对食管癌-恶病质病因病机、治疗原则的认识;临床用药选方经验,以便为中医肿瘤临床提供借鉴。     

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目的：前瞻性地研究癌性恶液病人的机体组成成分变化。方法：将54例恶性肿瘤病人依体重指数（BMI）分为两组：BMI≤18为A组，BMI＞18为B组，利用机体组成分析仪（InBody 3.0,Biospace Co.)对两种病人进行测定，并以节段多频生物电阻抗法自动分析受检者的各项机体组成成分。结果：A组肿瘤病人各项机体组成成分与理想体重的比值皆明显低于B组，两组间的差异有极显著意义（P＜0．01）。结论：癌性恶液质病人的机体组成变化不但有显著的脂肪群丢失，还有大量瘦肉群与体细胞群的丢失。癌性恶液质病瘦肉群的丢失，可能会导致病人生活质量下降、机体功能障碍及生存时间缩短。因此，尽早地监测肿瘤病人营养状况变化、及时予以营养支持干预，都将有效地将改善肿瘤病人的预后。     

Changes in skeletal muscles of young women with anorexia nervosa

Summary Biopsies from four young women with advanced anorexia nervosa were examined to investigate the effect of malnutrition on skeletal muscles. None of the patients showed signs of neuromuscular disease and all were physically active at the time of examination.Cryostat sections from the vastus lateralis muscle were stained with hematoxylin-azophloxin-safran and with stains for myofibrillar ATP-ase activity. In addition to routine examination of the sections, the size and distribution of the type 1 and type 2 fibres were calculated by means of a Kontron Digiplan MOP 02.Routine stained sections showed a small grouped atrophy in three cases and a more diffuse atrophy in the fourth. Enzyme histochemical stains revealed a distinct type 2 atrophy, a finding which should serve to distinguish the changes of pure malnutrition from those of conventional denervation.Exact measurements confirmed the predominant type 2 atrophy but showed definite atrophy also of the type 1 fibres. Compared with normal controls the type 1 fibres were reduced by 46% and the type 2 fibres by 75%. These findings are largely in agreement with the recent observations by Essén et al. (1981) on anorexia nervosa. However, in contrast to Essén et al. we did not find any change in the numerical distribution of the fibre types, especially no increase in type 1 fibres. Thus, we could not confirm the hypotheses of a conversion of the fibre types in cachexia.