Short-term outcomes of a simple and effective approach to aortic root and arch repair in acute type A aortic dissection

Objective

To evaluate short-term outcomes following direct aortic root and arch repair in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) without technical adjuncts.

The rate of hepatic artery complications is higher in pediatric liver transplant recipients with metabolic liver diseases than with biliary atresia

Background

Liver transplantation (LT) is an excellent treatment option for patients with biliary atresia (BA) who fail portoenterostomy surgery. LT is also increasingly performed in patients with metabolic liver diseases. This study compared the outcomes in pediatric patients who underwent LT for metabolic liver diseases and BA.

320排CT冠脉成像缩窄采集时间窗的可行性研究

目的：通过分析320排CT冠脉成像图像质量与重建时相及心率的关系,探讨前瞻性心电门控缩窄采集时间窗的可行性。方法：回顾性分析了2018年5月至2018年12月心率65～95bpm的90例患者261支冠脉血管,按血管的图像质量评分结果,确定血管和患者的最佳时相；分析患者最佳时相与心率的关系,找出最佳时相转移的临界心率；根据临界心率和患者最佳时相,分别分析并确定采集时间窗能够缩窄的范围。对比分析缩窄采集时间窗前后的图像质量以及辐射剂量。结果：患者最佳时相转移的临界心率为70bpm。心率65～70bpm时采集时间窗可缩窄为R-R间期的72%～80%；心率70～95bpm时则可缩窄为40%～50%。缩窄采集时间窗后的最佳时相与预设时相的图像评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),图像质量明显提高。缩窄采集时间窗前后的有效辐射剂量(ED)差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),辐射剂量明显降低。结论：根据不同心率进一步缩窄采集时间窗,既可提高图像质量,又能明显降低辐射剂量,值得临床应用和推广。     

多排螺旋CT血管造影在急性主动脉综合征中的应用价值

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)在急性主动脉综合征(AAS)的临床应用价值.方法 对16例主诉急性胸背痛患者进行MSCTA检查.结果 14例为AAS患者,其中主动脉夹层(AD) 9例,主动脉壁内血肿(IMH)3例,穿透性粥样硬化性溃疡(PAU)2例.MSCTA能够显示3种疾病的特征性征象:AD可见内膜片和双...     

64层螺旋CTA在缺血性脑血管病中的应用价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）在缺血性脑血管病（ICD）中的应用价值。方法：收集50例拟诊脑梗死的患者,同时进行64层螺旋CTA和DSA检查,将64层螺旋CTA和DSA结果进行对照。结果：以DSA为金标准,CTA检出脑梗死患者头颈部动脉狭窄的敏感度为97.8%,特异度为76.4%。结论：64层螺旋CTA能够清晰地显示头颈部动脉的狭窄,可作为DSA诊疗前重要的筛查技术。     

CT血管成像在诊断和评价维持性血液透析患者肿胀手综合症中的应用

目的探讨CT血管成像在诊断和评价血液透析患者肿胀手综合症中的应用价值。方法对10例应用自体动静脉内瘘并形成前臂或上肢整个肿胀维持性血液透析患者,应用64排CT血管成像技术(CT angiography,CTA)进行检查,观察瘘体血管的血栓形成部位、狭窄程度及侧支循环情况。结果 10例患者经CTA技术后均明确内瘘病变的部位。头静脉狭窄3例,其中轻度1例,中度1例,重度1例;锁骨下静脉狭窄2例,轻、重度各1例,无名静脉中度狭窄1例,闭塞1例。上腔静脉重度狭窄1例,闭塞2例。结论当维持性血液透析患者发生肿胀手综合征时,64排CT血管成像技术不仅对诊断并可对手术干预提供很有价值的帮助。     

Clinical evaluation and follow-up outcome of presurgical plan by Dextroscope: a prospective controlled study in patients with skull base tumors

Background

Patient-specific approach design, comprehensive evaluation on perioperative data, and follow-up of postoperative life quality (KPS) were carried out to evaluate the application of VR technology of Dextroscope in procedures of patients with skull base tumors.

Methods

Eighty-four patients with skull base tumors involved in this research were randomized into 2 groups (test group and control group), each with 42 patients. Before operation, image data such as MR, MRA, or CTA of head were collected and imported into the Dextroscope workstation. The detailed preoperative plans were made in the test group, but no Dextroscope plans in control group. The resection rate of tumors, preoperative evaluation including the duration of operation, total blood loss, the postoperative LOS, the number of cases with cerebrovascular injury complications in operation, and postoperative KPS of patients on discharge and the sixth month follow-up in the 2 groups were recorded and compared.

Results

The total resection rate of tumors was 83.33% in test group and 71.42% in the control group (P > .05). The total resection rate of meningioma was 86.67% in test group and 76.47% in control group. The total resection rates of trigeminal Schwannoma in the 2 groups were all 100% (P > .05). The duration of operation and the postoperative LOS of each patient were 5.25 ± 0.64 hours and 8.50 ± 1.10 days in the test group and 7.36 ± 0.87 hours and 12.50 ± 1.52 days in the control group, respectively (P < .05). Total blood loss of each patient was 456.75 ± 55.76 mL in the test group and 523.85 ± 66.78 mL in the control group (P > 05). There were 3 cases with complications of cerebral vessels injury in the test group and 7 cases in the control group (P < .05). During follow-up, KPS of patients in the test group on discharge (85.75 ± 9.68) was significantly superior to that in the control group (81.66 ± 9.24; P < .05). The KPS of patients on the sixth-month follow-up in the test group was 92.35 ± 9.95, which was significantly superior to that in the control group (85.6 ± 9.34; P < .05). Karnofsky performance scores of patients in the test group improved significantly from discharge to the sixth month after procedure (P < .05), whereas there were adverse results in the test group (P < .05). The 2 cases with CSF leakage were cured completely.

Conclusion

The preoperative plans with VR technology in patients with skull base tumor or CSF leakage operations can help certain the diagnosis, individually locate the position of skull base lesions, and design patient-specific approach, which also facilitate to shorten operation duration and the postoperative LOS, reduce total blood loss and injury of vessels in operation, and improve the postoperative KPS.     

彩色多普勒超声和CTA在椎基底动脉系统梗死中的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声和多层螺旋CT动脉血管成像（CTA）对椎基底动脉系统梗死的诊断价值。方法选取的椎基底动脉系统梗死患者中有65例和52例分别进行彩色多普勒超声和CTA检查,并进行分析。结果彩色多普勒超声显示有54例发现动脉斑块,47例出现椎基底动脉狭窄和闭塞;CTA显示有36例发现动脉粥样斑块,48例出现椎基底动脉狭窄和闭塞。部分病人同时存在斑块和血管狭窄。结论彩色多普勒超声和CTA对椎基底动脉系统梗死的病因有明确的诊断意义,两种检查联合应用可以互补不足,可以很好地指导治疗及评价预后。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血急诊手术治疗分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断、急诊手术治疗以及脑血管痉挛的防治措施。方法回顾性分析33例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料。结果术前12例行DSA检查,检出动脉瘤16枚;27例行CTA检查,检出动脉瘤30枚;其中有6例先后行CTA、DSA检查,两者完全符合。全部病例均在早期行显微手术治疗,无术中死亡病例,术后16例恢复良好,9例有轻度神经功能障碍,3例重度神经功能障碍,植物生存1例,死亡4例。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血急诊CTA检查明确病因更具优势;早期手术、预防脑血管痉挛能有效改善患者的预后。     

Nonrigid registration for subtraction CT angiography applied to the carotids and cranial arteries

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an established tool for vascular imaging. However, high-intensity nonvascular structures in the contrast image can seriously hamper luminal visualization. This is an issue for three-dimensional visualization, where high-intensity structures might cover the underlying vasculature. But also in two dimensions, calcified plaques adjacent to the contrast-enhanced vessel lumen impede correct determination of the vessel boundary. High-intensity structures can be eliminated using subtraction CTA, where a native image is subtracted from the contrast image. However, patient and organ motion limits the widespread application of this technique. We propose to use nonrigid image registration to solve this problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For each patient, a native image and a contrast image are recorded, respectively, before and after contrast administration. The native image is registered to the contrast image using an automatic intensity-based nonrigid three-dimensional registration algorithm. Both images are merged in a fused image, allowing the user to switch between a view of the arteries, the bone or both. The procedure has been applied to 95 patients. RESULTS: In all cases, subtraction CTA using nonrigid registration allows for a significantly better artifacts removal than subtraction CTA without registration. Image quality of all images was judged adequate for clinical use. The average total processing time for each dataset is about 30 minutes. CONCLUSION: Nonrigid registration can allow for a great reduction in subtraction artifacts for subtraction CTA, resulting in a clear view of the vasculature.