霉菌性上颌窦炎的CT表现——附3例报告

霉菌性上颌窦炎较少见,与炎症、肿瘤难以区别。本文报告经手术、病理证实的3例,以提高对本病的认识。1 临床资料 例1,男,50岁,反复左上颌牙疼痛,伴同侧头痛8年,加重1周。查体:左侧鼻腔狭窄,中下鼻甲肥大,左中鼻道腔前端有一花生米大小新生物。横断及冠状位     

肝内原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT诊断（1例报道及文献复习）

恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(malignant fibrous histiocytoma,MFH)是发生率仅次于平滑肌肉瘤的软组织肉瘤[1],多发生于四肢、躯干和腹膜后区,转移和术后复发率较高,转移至肝脏的较常见[2],但原发于肝脏的仅见个案报道[3,4].现就本院1例经手术证实的肝脏原发恶性纤维组织细胞瘤及既往文献报道,做一综合性分析.     

单发良、恶性肺空洞的CT鉴别诊断

1资料与方法收集1996年至2005年的孤立性肺空洞病例共98例,其中48例经手术病理或穿刺证实,50例经治疗或随访证实。男59例,女39例。平均年龄53.5(37~78)岁。98例中肺脓肿17例(急性9例,慢性8例),肺结核空洞30例,肺霉菌感染空洞3例,原发性肺癌空洞37例(其中鳞癌32例),单发转移性肺癌空洞8例,W egener's肉芽空洞3例。分析空洞的大小、形态、边缘(内、外壁),空洞壁的密度、形态、厚度,空洞周围肺组织改变情况。测量空洞直径的大小,直径定义为纵隔窗上前后径、左右径,上下径的平均值。空洞壁厚度的测量用CT机上测量软件进行,取每个空洞壁前、后…     

Local blood flow changes in malignant brain tumours under induced hypertension

Summary Changes in tumour blood flow under an induced hypertensive state were examined in malignant brain tumours to know if the precondition for the effectiveness of induced hypertensive chemotherapy — relative increase in tumour blood flow — are fulfilled. Tumour blood flow was measured under both a resting and an induced hypertensive state in 12 patients with various malignant brain tumours (6 gliomas, 6 metastatic brain tumours) using xenon-enhanced computed tomography. The blood pressure was elevated 40% above the systemic blood pressure of the resting state by the infusion of angiotensin II. Tumour blood flow increased 30% on average above the normal brain tissue blood flow after the induction of an induced hypertensive state (p < 0.05). The tumour blood flow increased in 11 cases of malignant tumours, but decreased in one case with massive brain oedema after induced hypertension. The increase in blood flow was higher in hypervascular tumours and less in hypovascular tumours. Therefore, induced hypertensive chemotherapy probably will be more effective in hypervascular malignant brain tumours with small mass effects.     

正常喉区的CT解剖研究

喉的解剖较复杂,从CT图象上分辨更为困难。木文通过比较尸体喉区的断层解剖标本,从4个不同的平面,描述了喉区各结构形态大小的变化,并讨论其分布特征,这将有助于临床CT的诊断。     

The orthopan tomoscintigram — a new application of emission computed tomography for facial bone scanning

The exact regional correlation of findings of facial bone scans, planar or SPECT, to dental orthopan X-ray films (OPT) is difficult because of the very different projection techniques. To improve correlative imaging in this regard a projection algorithm was developed that uses SPECT data of the skull for reconstructing an orthopan tomoscintigraphic projection. Fourteen conventional SPECT slices of the upper and lower jaws were obtained during bone scanning. All mandibular slices were superimposed resulting in a horseshoe shaped structure, which was marked by an ROI which was divided into segments. All 14 SPECT slices were then masked by this segmental ROI, thereby marking the teeth-carrying bone in all slices. The information from this horseshoe like ROI is then transformed into lines. Line by line arrangement results in an orthopan projection, the orthopan tomoscintigram. This new display allows 1:1 true scale superimposition with the X-ray OPT and markedly facilitates correlative imaging.     

CT多平面重组显示镫骨的方法及应用价值

目的探讨利用螺旋CT多平面重组(mu ltip lanar reform ation,MPR)技术显示镫骨整体结构的方法和临床价值。方法对50例无耳症状、体征的志愿者行平行枕眶线扫描,应用轴位图像行多方位的MPR。比较轴位MPR、冠状位MPR、矢状位MPR和镫骨斜位MPR显示镫骨整体结构的差异。测量镫骨斜位图像显示层面在轴位定位图像上与矢状面的夹角,在冠状位定位图像上与矢状面的夹角。先天性镫骨异常31例,全部病例经电测听检查均表现有不同程度的传音性耳聋,均行听骨链重建术。结果正常组轴位、冠状位、矢状位均未能显示镫骨弓的整体形态,镫骨斜位MPR图像均直观显示了镫骨弓的整体形态和结构。在轴位定位图像上,镫骨斜位MPR图像显示层面与矢状面的夹角为36°±8°,在冠状位定位图像上与矢状面的夹角为57°±6°。异常组31例,其中一侧小腿缺如3例;镫骨弓不发育3例;镫骨底板增厚与周围骨融合16例;镫骨底板上结构(小头、颈、小腿)完全缺如9例,斜位MPR图像均直观显示其病理改变,轴位、冠状位以及矢状位图像均不能准确显示镫骨发育不良的病理改变。结论镫骨斜位MPR图像,能显示正常镫骨整体结构和镫骨异常改变,对听骨链重建术的术前评价具有重要意义。     

胸部X线与CT诊断支气管结核的临床价值

目的分析胸部X线及CT影像征象在支气管结核临床诊断中的价值和意义。方法收集本院经病理及电子支气管镜证实为支气管结核105例，对照其胸部X线与CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果105例患者中，胸部X线显示伴有肺内结核灶77例，气管狭窄、肺叶不张分别为51例和49例，未见异常表现17例。胸部CT扫描对气管狭窄及肺叶不张检出率明显提高，分别为72例和61例，且能观察到气管内壁情况及狭窄或阻塞后肺野情况，伴肺内结核灶79例，无异常改变只有8例。结论提高对支气管结核的影像学认识，能有效地提高临床诊断准确率。     

胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现

目的：分析胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现,以提高其认识和诊断水平。材料和方法：回顾性分析12例经病理证实的胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现。结果：12例中,CT平扫示肿瘤边界较光整,肿物中央可见低密度区9例。增强扫描肿物CT值增加15～46HU,均匀增强3例,不均匀增强9例,其间可见增强的血管。结论：胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现有一定特征性,典型病例可做术前诊断,CT后处理重建对病变的显示及诊断可提供很大的帮助。     

原发性脑干出血临床及预后分析

目的探讨原发性脑干出血的病因、临床表现及预后。方法对资料完整的60例原始资料进行回顾性总结分析。结果高发年龄50～60岁,高危因素以高血压最常见。首发症状以眩晕、头痛为主。多为偏瘫,四肢瘫次之。各种眼征表现复杂,以双侧瞳孔缩小最多。结论出血量>5ml,破入脑室,神志昏迷者预后差。脑干出血死亡率高,轻型脑干出血预后较好,部分病人可完全治愈。