107例数字减影血管造影受检者所受辐射剂量分析

目的 统计血管造影受检者每次检查所受辐射剂量值及影响辐射剂量的相关因素,为分析、评估放射诊疗风险提供数据参考。方法 收集107例受检者检查时在线记录的全部辐射剂量值及其与剂量相关的技术参数值,按照检查区域头部、腹部和心脏进行分类,统计每例受检者的总透视时间、透视累积剂量面积乘积(DAP)、透视累积皮肤入射剂量(ESD),计算透视剂量率;统计每例受检者的造影曝光次数、造影曝光时间、采集帧频率,以及造影累积剂量面积乘积和造影累积皮肤入射剂量;统计每例受检者的透视加造影的总累积剂量面积乘积和总累积皮肤入射剂量。对所有数据分门别类进行相应的对比分析。结果 冠状动脉造影+介入,ESD为(22 285.5±18 682.7)μGy·m²,DAP为(2 942.1±2 557.3)mGy;头部血管造影DAP为(25 929.6±8 302.7)μGy ·m²,DAP为(1 288.8±682.3)mGy;腹部血管造影,DAP为(12 129.7±10 646.1)μGy·m²,ESD为(730.1±584.7)mGy。结论 血管造影受检者所受总累积剂量,冠状动脉造影相对最高,其次是头部血管造影,腹部血管造影相对较低。     

MRA和MR灌注加权成像在不同类型烟雾病脑血流动力学中的研究

目的 探讨磁共振血管成像(MRA)在烟雾病分期、分类中的应用价值以及MR灌注加权成像(PWI)判断不同类型烟雾病脑血流动力学的情况.方法 搜集经DSA证实的28例烟雾病,按Suzuki分期(Ⅰ～Ⅵ期)方法分期,将尚未形成明显颅外至颅内侧支循环的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期归第1类,将颅外向颅内侧支循环逐步明显的Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ期归第2类.分别对DSA及MRA图像进行分期与分类,以DSA结果作为标准,比较MRA分期、分类结果的可靠性.运用MR PWI研究两类烟雾病患者脑血流动力学情况,测量患者拟手术侧及对侧大脑中动脉(MCA)分布区的灌注参数,包括脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)及延迟时间(DT),计算拟手术侧MCA分布区/对侧MCA分布区灌注参数相对比值(rCBF、rCBV、rMTT及rDT值).采用配对t检验比较不同类型烟雾病PWI灌注参数相对值的差异.结果 28例烟雾病患者DSA显示第1类16例,其中Ⅰ期0例,Ⅱ期5例,Ⅲ期11例;第2类12例,其中Ⅳ期9例,Ⅴ期2例,Ⅵ期1例.MRA显示第1类14例,其中Ⅰ期1例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期7例;第2类14例,其中Ⅳ期10例,Ⅴ期3例,Ⅵ期1例.MRA与DSA对比分期符合率仅为67.9％.PWI参数中MTT、DT两项参数对脑血流动力学变化敏感.第2类烟雾病患者拟手术侧MCA分布区/对侧镜像区的rMTT(2.35±0.49)及rDT(2.47±0.51)高于第1类rMTT(1.48±0.47)及rDT(1.51±0.56)(t值分别为4.46、4.87,P值均＜0.05),第2类烟雾病患者拟手术侧MCA分布区/对侧镜像区的rCBF(0.72±0.16)及rCBV(0.75±0.27)与第1类rCBF(0.89 ±0.25)及rCBV(1.01±0.32)差异无统计学意义(t值分别为-1.28、-1.79,P值均＞0.05).结论 MRA对烟雾病的分期有局限性,与DSA对比符合率低.PWI发现不同类型烟雾病的脑血流动力学参数rMTT和rDT存在差异.     

ABI联合baPWV与双源CT冠状动脉成像的相关性研究

目的 通过与双源CT对比,评价踝臂指数(ABI)、肱-踝脉搏波速度(baPWV)在辅助预测冠状动脉病变的临床价值.方法 搜集经双源CT冠状动脉造影(CTA)检查显示冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％并行ABI及baPWV检测的50例患者,分析ABI、baPWV与CTA冠状动脉狭窄支数、节段以及斑块数目的相关性.结果 单支、两支和三支病变组间的ABI值、baPWV值存在差异(P＜0.05),随着病变支数的增加,ABI逐渐减小,baPWV逐渐增加.两支病变时,ABI均值＜0.9;三支病变时,baPWV均值＞1400 cm/s,说明可能baPWV值更敏感.ABI＜ 0.9、ABI＞0.9两组间检出斑块数无差异(P＞0.05),狭窄节段数有统计学差异(P＜0.02);baPWV＜ 1400 cm/s、baPWV＞1400 cm/s组间斑块数及狭窄节段有统计学差异(P＜0.05).表明ABI ＜0.9、baPWV＞ 1400 cm/s时冠状动脉狭窄可能性较大,baPWV＞ 1400 cm/s时冠状动脉斑块出现的可能性较大.结论 ABI和baPWV与DSCT冠状动脉的狭窄支数、斑块数及狭窄节段数有关,可以用于辅助预测冠心病的严重程度.     

适当低浓度对比剂在冠状动脉CTA成像中的应用价值

目的 探讨适当低浓度对比剂在冠状动脉CTA成像中的应用价值.方法 对136例拟行冠状动脉CTA检查的患者行前瞻性研究,按所用对比剂浓度不同分为三组,所用对比剂浓度分别为320 mgI/ml、350 mgI/ml、370 mgI/ml,将扫描所得原始数据进行后处理重组,然后对重组后的冠状动脉图像质量进行主观评价,并对主动脉起始部及同层面降部的CT值进行测量,对其结果分别进行统计学分析.结果 三组冠状动脉图像质量的主观评价差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.785,P=0.675).采用前瞻性心电门控扫描的三组患者主动脉起始部CT值的分析结果为:F值=0.992、P值=0.376;主动脉降部CT值的分析结果为:F值=1.527、P值=0.224,采用回顾性心电门控扫描的三组患者主动脉起始部CT值的分析结果为:F值=1.206、P值=0.307;主动脉降部CT值的分析结果为:F值=1.703、P值=0.191,各组CT值的差异无统计学意义.结论 适当低浓度对比剂(320 mgI/ml)能够满足冠状动脉CTA的诊断要求,在行冠状动脉CTA检查时推荐使用.     

Primary Lymphedema of the Lower Limb: The Clinical Utility of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/CT

ObjectiveThe aim of this prospective study was to determine whether the additional use of the single photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT/CT) technique improves the diagnostic value of planar lymphoscintigraphy in patients presenting with primary lymph edema of the lower limb.ResultsIn comparison to pathological planar scintigraphic findings, the addition of SPECT/CT provided relevant additional information regarding the presence of dermal backflow (86%), the anatomical extent of lymphatic disorders (64%), the presence or absence of lymph nodes (46%), and the visualization of lymph vessels (4%).ConclusionAs an adjunct to planar lymphoscintigraphy, SPECT/CT specifies the anatomical correlation of lymphatic disorders and thus improves assessment of the extent of pathology due to the particular advantages of tomographic separation of overlapping sources. The interpretation of scintigraphic data benefits not only in baseline diagnosis, but also in physiotherapeutical and microsurgical treatments of primary lymphedema.     

Experience With a CT Screening Program for Individuals at High Risk for Developing Lung Cancer

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare results of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk group 2 with those of NCCN high-risk group 1 in a clinical CT lung screening program.MethodsThe results of consecutive clinical CT lung screening examinations performed from January 2012 through December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. All examinations were interpreted by radiologists credentialed in structured CT lung screening reporting, following the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Lung Cancer Screening (version 1.2012). Positive results required a solid nodule ≥4 mm, a ground-glass nodule ≥5 mm, or a mediastinal or hilar lymph node >1 cm, not stable for >2 years. Significant incidental findings and findings suspicious for pulmonary infection were also recorded.ResultsA total of 1,760 examinations were performed (464 in group 2, 1,296 in group 1); no clinical follow-up was available in 432 patients (28%). Positive results, clinically significant incidental findings, and suspected pulmonary infection were present in 25%, 6%, and 6% in group 2 and 28.2%, 6.2%, and 6.6% in group 1, respectively. Twenty-three cases of lung cancer were diagnosed (6 in group 2, 17 in group 1), for annualized rates of malignancy of 1.8% in group 2 and 1.6% in group 1.ConclusionNCCN group 2 results were substantively similar to those for group 1 and closely resemble those reported in the National Lung Screening Trial. Similar rates of positivity and lung cancer diagnosis in both groups suggest that thousands of additional lives may be saved each year if screening eligibility is expanded to include this particular high-risk group.     

Coronary Artery Imaging in Children

Coronary artery problems in children usually have a significant impact on both short-term and long-term outcomes. Early and accurate diagnosis, therefore, is crucial but technically challenging due to the small size of the coronary artery, high heart rates, and limited cooperation of children. Coronary artery visibility on CT and MRI in children is considerably improved with recent technical advancements. Consequently, CT and MRI are increasingly used for evaluating various congenital and acquired coronary artery abnormalities in children, such as coronary artery anomalies, aberrant coronary artery anatomy specific to congenital heart disease, Kawasaki disease, Williams syndrome, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.     

Vascular Map Combined with CT Colonography for Evaluating Candidates for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography colonography (CE-CTC) is a useful guide for the laparoscopic surgeon to avoid incorrectly removing the colonic segment and the failure to diagnose of synchronous colonic and extra-colonic lesions. Lymph node dissection and vessel ligation under a laparoscopic approach can be time-consuming and can damage vessels and organs. Moreover, mesenteric vessels have extreme variations in terms of their courses and numbers. We describe the benefit of using an abdominal vascular map created by CE-CTC in laparoscopic colorectal surgery candidates. We describe patients with different diseases (colorectal cancer, diverticular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease) who underwent CE-CTC just prior to laparoscopic surgery.