Pharmacological evaluation and mechanistic study of compound Xishu Granule in hepatocellular carcinoma

ObjectiveIn this study, we used HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to study the effects of Compound Xishu Granule (CXG) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle in vitro. We also used a xenograft tumor model to study the anti-tumor effects of CXG and related mechanisms in vivo.MethodsThe effect of CXG on cell viability was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 and a colony formation assay. The effect of CXG on apoptosis and the cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of CXG was assessed by measuring the volume change in xenograft tumors after drug administration. The CXG anti-tumor mechanism was studied using western blotting assay to detect cell cycle and apoptotic associated proteins.ResultsCXG suppressed HepG2 cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro. Colony formation experiments showed that CXG administration for 24 h significantly reduced HepG2 cell formations (P < .01). Flow cytometric analysis showed that CXG treatment for 48 h promoted apoptosis and blocked HepG2 cells in the G2/M phase. Western blotting results showed that Bax was significantly up-regulated and Bcl-2 was down-regulated in graft tumor tissues and HepG2 cells after CXG administration, which increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. PLK1, CDC25C, CDK1, and Cyclin B1 expression were up-regulated. CXG had a good inhibitory effect on graft tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionCXG has good anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, CXG promoted HepG2 cell apoptosis and induced G2/M phase arrest. In vivo, CXG significantly inhibited graft tumor growth. The CXG mechanism in treating hepatocellular carcinoma may be that CXG can induce abnormal apoptotic and cell cycle associated protein expression, leading to mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis.     

三氯化镧对CBRH-7919细胞CyclinD1和CDK4蛋白表达的影响

背景与目的:研究三氯化镧(LaCl3)对大鼠肝癌细胞CyclinD1和CDK4蛋白表达的影响.材料与方法:采用体外培养大鼠肝癌细胞株CBRH-7919,分别加入0.01、0.10、1.00 mmol/L LaCl3培养1、3、5 d后观察CBRH-7919细胞生长变化;运用流式细胞术、MTF实验和免疫细胞化学检测与G1期调控有关的CyclinD1和CDK4的变化情况,以培养液中不加LaCl3体外培养CBRH-7919作为对照.结果:0.10、1.00 mmol/L LaCl3组培养后3、5 d对细胞的生长均具有抑制作用,与对照组比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);G0/G1期细胞百分数均有显著性增加,与对照组比差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);CyclinD1、CDK4阳性表达均显著减弱,与对照组比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:LaCl3可通过下调CyclinD1和CDK4,使肿瘤细胞从G1期进入S期受阻,从而抑制CBRH-7919细胞的生长.     

miR-142-5p通过影响上皮间质转化抑制肺腺癌H1650细胞的侵袭与迁移

目的：探讨肺腺癌组织中miR-142-5p的表达及其对H1650细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移及上皮间质转化（epithelieal-mesenchymal transition,EMT）的影响及其作用机制。方法：收集2014年1月至2015年1月在河北医科大学第四医院胸外科行肿瘤切 除并经病理证实的107例肺腺癌患者的癌组织及其癌旁组织标本,以及人肺腺癌细胞系H1650、HCC827、 A549、 H1975、PC9和人 支气管上皮细胞BEAS-2B, 用qPCR实验检测肺腺癌组织及细胞中miR-142-5p的表达水平及其与患者临床特征的关系。分别用 miR-142-5p模拟物（mimics）、miR-阴性对照质粒（miR-NC）转染H1650细胞后, 用CCK8、细胞划痕愈合和Transwell侵袭实验分 别检测H1650细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力。使用生物信息学工具预测miR-142-5p的靶基因,通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验验 证miR-142-5p对靶基因的调控作用,Western blotting检测细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶5（cyclin-dependent kinase 5,CDK5）及EMT 相关蛋白的表达水平。结果：肺腺癌组织及细胞系中miR-142-5p表达水平显著低于癌旁组织及BEAS-2B细胞（均P<0.01）;107 例肺腺癌组织中, 61例（57.01%）低表达miR-142-5p,其表达水平与患者的TNM分期、淋巴结转移密切相关（均P<0.01）。转染 miR-142-5p模拟物后, H1650细胞中miR-142-5p高表达,细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力显著降低（均P<0.05或P<0.01）。生物信息 学工具预测CDK5是miR-142-5p的靶基因,经双荧光素酶报告基因验证,miR-142-5p可显著降低H1650细胞中CDK5的表达水 平,显著提高E-cadherin表达,降低N-cadherin和Snail的表达水平（均P<0.01）。结论：miR-142-5p在肺腺癌组织和细胞中呈低表 达状态,其通过下调CDK5表达影响EMT抑制H1650细胞的侵袭与迁移能力。     

CDK12 and HER2 coamplification in two urothelial carcinomas with rapid and aggressive clinical progression

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), one of the key factors associated with DNA damage response pathways, is located on chromosome 17 proximal to Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2). In this report, CDK12 and ERBB2 coamplification was detected by targeted next‐generation sequencing in two urothelial carcinomas. The staining intensity of the CDK12 and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 proteins was associated with the prognosis of each urothelial carcinoma case. Our results suggest that CDK12 coamplification with ERBB2 might be associated with tumor aggressiveness and contribution to cancer pathogenesis. Therapies targeting CDK12 should be developed for these patients.     

黄连素对脑缺血再灌注后细胞cyclin D1、CDK4表达的影响

目的 探讨黄连素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织CDK4和cyclin D1表达的调节以及黄连素可能的脑保护作用机制.方法 50只雄性Wistar大鼠按照随机数字表法分为给药组(n=15)、正常组(n=5)、假手术组(n=15)和模型组(n=15).用线栓法建立局灶性脑缺血模型,缺血 1 h后再灌注1 d,3 d,5 d,用HE染色观察缺血再灌注后脑组织的形态学变化,免疫组化方法 检测缺血中心区和半暗带Bcl-2、cyclin D1和CDK4的表达.结果 HE染色显示给约组3 d和5 d动物脑组织半暗带神经元数目丢失少于模型组.免疫组化表明给药组1 d与模型组比较Bcl-2免疫阳性细胞数没有明显区别,给药组3 d和5 d与模型组比较,半暗带Bcl-2免疫阳性细胞增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但cyclin D1与CDK4免疫阳性细胞减少.结论大鼠局灶性脑缺血时,黄连素抑制半暗带神经元细胞周期蛋白cyclin D1与CDK4的表达,表明黄连素可能具有一定的神经保护作用.其可能机制为通过抑制cyclin D1的表达,并阻止其从细胞质转入细胞核内,从而阻断级联反应,抵抗cyclin D1介导的细胞凋亡.     

CDK13-related disorder: Report of a series of 18 previously unpublished individuals and description of an epigenetic signature

PurposeRare genetic variants in CDK13 are responsible for CDK13-related disorder (CDK13-RD), with main clinical features being developmental delay or intellectual disability, facial features, behavioral problems, congenital heart defect, and seizures. In this paper, we report 18 novel individuals with CDK13-RD and provide characterization of genome-wide DNA methylation.MethodsWe obtained clinical phenotype and neuropsychological data for 18 and 10 individuals, respectively, and compared this series with the literature. We also compared peripheral blood DNA methylation profiles in individuals with CDK13-RD, controls, and other neurodevelopmental disorders episignatures. Finally, we developed a support vector machine–based classifier distinguishing CDK13-RD and non–CDK13-RD samples.ResultsWe reported health and developmental parameters, clinical data, and neuropsychological profile of individuals with CDK13-RD. Genome-wide differential methylation analysis revealed a global hypomethylated profile in individuals with CDK13-RD in a highly sensitive and specific model that could aid in reclassifying variants of uncertain significance.ConclusionWe describe the novel features such as anxiety disorder, cryptorchidism, and disrupted sleep in CDK13-RD. We define a CDK13-RD DNA methylation episignature as a diagnostic tool and a defining functional feature of the evolving clinical presentation of this disorder. We also show overlap of the CDK13 DNA methylation profile in an individual with a functionally and clinically related CCNK-related disorder.     

CDKN2A mutations in Spanish cutaneous malignant melanoma families and patients with multiple melanomas and other neoplasia

The CDKN2A gene has been implicated in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in about 40% of families with linkage to chromosome 9p21, while a small proportion of families have mutations in the CDK4 gene. In order to estimate the importance of these genes in the predisposition to CMM in Spanish families and patients we have analysed, by SSCA, a total of 56 subjects belonging to 34 CMM families, and nine patients with multiple CMM and other neoplasia. We have detected germline CDKN2A mutations in six out of the 34 families (17%). A frameshift mutation (358delG) and four missense mutations (G59V, G101W (two cases), D84Y, and R87W) were identified. Five CMM patients from different families (14%) carried the A148T variant, which is known not to affect p16 activity. No mutations were detected in the patients with multiple CMM or other neoplasms. We have not found mutations either in exon 1 beta of the CDKN2A gene or in exon 2A of CDK4. Linkage analysis of the 9p21 region showed exclusion for one of the families for CMM and for four families for CMM/dysplastic naevi. This study indicates a small role for CDKN2A in Spanish CMM families and suggests that other genes are also responsible for CMM predisposition.     

大鼠发育过程中海马星形胶质细胞与神经元细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶的表达差异

目的:比较正常Wistar大鼠发育过程中海马星形胶质细胞与神经元细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)的表达差异。方法:40只大鼠按年龄分为出生后1d(P1d)组、出生后11d(P11d)组,成年鼠3月(P3m)组,老年鼠13月(P13m)组,每组10只。采用流式细胞术检测各组海马星形胶质细胞和神经元中CDK1、CDK2和CDK4的表达含量。结果:各年龄组星形胶质细胞中CDK1的表达在P1d组低于P11d、P3m及P13m组(P<0.05);CDK2和CDK4各年龄组并无明显差异。而神经元中CDK1的表达在P11d组时最高,P1d组低于P11d组(P<0.05);CDK2随增龄上调,P1d组与P13m组有统计学差异(P<0.05);CDK4各年龄组并无明显差异。P11d、P3m和P13m组的CDK1在星形胶质细胞与神经元表达有差异(P<0.05);P1d和P11d组的CDK4在星形胶质细胞与神经元表达有差异(P<0.05)。结论:CDK1、CDK2和CDK4在大鼠海马发育的各个时期星形胶质细胞和神经元中均有表达。