广东地区345例HIV/AIDS患者死亡原因分析

目的 探讨广东地区HIV/AIDS病例的死亡原因.方法 对345例HIV/AIDS住院死亡病例进行回顾性分析.结果 (1) 2001年1月至2011年12月某医院HIV/AIDS住院患者3406例,死亡345例,病死率10.13％.自2005年实行免费抗病毒治疗以来,病死率较前下降.CD4+T淋巴细胞计数＜ 200个/μl者病死率为14.61％(299/2046),与≥200个/μl者之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),随着CD4+下降,病死率上升.(2)机会性感染累及99.42％(343/345)死亡病例,共出现机会性感染924例次,与死亡直接相关的占84.64％.机会性感染以真菌和细菌感染最常见,感染部位以肺部、口腔、全身播散性、胃肠道、中枢神经系统感染、败血症、皮肤软组织感染为主,其中重症肺炎、播散性青霉菌病及中枢神经系统感染等艾滋病指征性机会性感染占29.65％.引起HIV/AIDS死亡的因素还有机会性肿瘤、HIV相关性疾病及艾滋病非相关性疾病等,占15.36％.无接受有效的高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HARRT)亦构成死亡的因素,其中接受HARRT者疗程超过3个月只占6.96％.结论 终末期艾滋病患者病死率极高,机会性感染是最主要的死亡原因.HIV/AIDS的早期诊断和积极控制机会性感染,及时有效HAART治疗是提高艾滋病患者生存质量的关键.     

CD56-多发性骨髓瘤患者临床特征及预后分析

目的探讨CD56-多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者临床特征及预后。方法回顾性分析48例新发MM患者的临床资料、实验室检查资料及治疗方案,比较CD56-MM患者与CD56+MM患者临床特征及预后。结果 48例MM患者中,CD56-MM患者14例(29%),CD56+MM患者34例(71%)。比较CD56-MM与CD56+MM患者在发病年龄、性别、临床分期方面无明显差异;两组患者均以骨痛、骨质疏松、病理性骨折、贫血、感染为最常见首发症状,CD56+MM患者骨痛的发生率明显高于CD56-MM患者(P<0.05),其他临床表现和起病方式上无明显差异;反映疾病进展程度的指标,如血红蛋白、血小板、血清钙、免疫球蛋白水平、血肌酐水平及24h尿蛋白定量两组比较无明显差异(均P>0.05);反映预后相关因素如骨髓浆细胞数量、β2-微球蛋白、C-反应蛋白、血沉水平两组比较亦无明显差异(均P>0.05);CD56-MM患者多发骨质破坏发生率明显低于CD56+MM患者(64.3%vs 91.2%,P<0.05);对两组患者进行生存期分析,CD56-MM和CD56+MM患者中位生存期分别为14.7个月和15个月,两组比较无统计学差异(P=0.348)。结论 CD56-MM患者骨痛和骨质破坏的发生率明显低于CD56+MM患者,其它临床特征及预后指标与CD56+MM患者比较无明显差异。     

HAb18G/CD147在多种恶性肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨HAb18G/CD147表达与食管癌、结肠癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、卵巢癌和肝细胞癌的临床相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学SP染色法分析上述6种恶性肿瘤及其癌旁组织和淋巴结转移灶标本中CD147基因表达和定位,并对CD147表达与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况进行分析.结果 相对于癌旁组织,CD147在6种肿瘤中的表达均明显生升高.CD147表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度和淋巴结转移均显著正相关.结肠癌、宫颈癌以及食管癌中,CD147在浸润深的组织中的表达显著升高(P＜0.05);宫颈癌、食管癌、肺癌以及卵巢癌中,CD147在淋巴结转移灶中的表达显著升高(P＜0.05),但在结肠癌中差别不显著;结肠癌、宫颈癌、食管癌以及肺癌中,CD147在分化差的组织中的表达显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 CD147表达在分化差、浸润深以及淋巴结转移的组织中明显升高,提示CD147可能是恶性肿瘤的预后指标.     

原发免疫性血小板减少症患者CD4+T细胞CD28的表达及其与IFN-γ/IL-10比率的关系

目的 研究原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者治疗前、后,外周血CD4+的T淋巴细胞中共刺激分子CD28的表达及与IFN-γ/IL-10比率的关系.方法 采用流式细胞术分析30例ITP患者糖皮质激素治疗前、后和26例正常对照外周血CD4+T细胞上CD28表达率,用ELISA双夹心法检测外周血血清中IFN-γ和IL-10的水平,评价CD4+ CD28+与IFN-γ/IL-10平衡状态、血小板计数之间的关系.结果 ITP患者治疗前CD4+ CD28+的表达显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),治疗后与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ITP患者治疗前IFN-γ水平较正常对照组显著增高,IL-10水平显著降低,IFN-γ/IL-10比值显著增高(P＜0.01),治疗后与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ITP患者治疗前CD4+ CD28+与IFN-γ/IL-10比值呈正相关(P＜0.05),与血小板计数呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 共刺激分子CD28与ITP免疫紊乱密切相关,可能通过参与Th1优势状态形成而在ITP的发病中发挥一定作用.     

乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群及HLA-DR的检测及其意义

目的：通过检测乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞各亚群分布情况以及HLA—DR表达水平,探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞及HLA-DR的表达特点,以及与疾病进程之间的关系。方法：利用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测50例慢性乙型肝炎患者,其中21例免疫耐受（IT）患者、29例免疫活化（IA）患者,及31例正常人外周血CD14、CD16、HLA—DR的表达。同时调查肝功能、乙肝五项和血清HBVDNA等相应临床资料。结果：免疫活化组（IA）的CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群比率明显高于正常对照组和免疫耐受组（IT）（P〈0．01）;单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群HLA．DR表达明显高于CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群（P〈0．01）;乙型肝炎患者CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞比率与ALT呈正相关（r=0．876,P〈0．01）,与HBVDNA载量成负相关（r=-0．267,P〈0．01）。结论：CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞可能在乙型肝炎患者外周血中参与调节针对HBV的免疫反应,CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞与HBV复制和肝脏炎症之间存在相关性,因此检测单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群及HLA-DR水平对于了解乙型肝炎患者疾病进程具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Hematologic Recovery after Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with High-Risk Solid Tumors

Although the number of studies using tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/autoSCT) for the treatment of high-risk pediatric solid tumors has been increasing, documentation of hematologic recovery after tandem HDCT/autoSCT is very limited. For this reason, we retrospectively analyzed the hematologic recovery of 236 children with high-risk solid tumors who underwent tandem HDCT/autoSCT. The median numbers of CD34⁺ cells transplanted during the first and second HDCT/autoSCT were 4.3 × 10⁶/kg (range 0.6-220.2) and 4.1 × 10⁶/kg (range 0.9-157.6), respectively (P = 0.664). While there was no difference in neutrophil recovery between the first and second HDCT/autoSCT, platelet and RBC recoveries were significantly delayed in the second HDCT/autoSCT (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Delayed recovery in the second HDCT/autoSCT was more prominent when the number of transplanted CD34⁺ cells was lower, especially if it was < 2 × 10⁶/kg. A lower CD34⁺ cell count was also associated with increased RBC transfusion requirements and a higher serum ferritin level after tandem HDCT/autoSCT. More CD34⁺ cells need to be transplanted during the second HDCT/autoSCT in order to achieve the same hematologic recovery as the first HDCT/autoSCT.     

Identity crisis of Th17 cells: Many forms,many functions,many questions

Th17 cells are a subset of CD4⁺ effector T cells characterized by expression of the IL-17-family cytokines, IL-17A and IL-17F. Since their discovery nearly a decade ago, Th17 cells have been implicated in the regulation of dozens of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and cancer. However, attempts to clarify the development and function of Th17 cells in human health and disease have generated as many questions as answers. On one hand, cytokine expression in Th17 cells appears to be remarkably dynamic and is subject to extensive regulation (both positive and negative) in tissue microenvironments. On the other hand, accumulating evidence suggests that the human Th17 subset is a heterogeneous population composed of several distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory subsets. Clearly, Th17 cells as originally conceived no longer neatly fit the long-standing paradigm of stable and irrepressible effector T cell function. Here we review current concepts surrounding human Th17 cells, with an emphasis on their plasticity, heterogeneity, and their many, tissue-specific functions. In spite of the challenges ahead, a comprehensive understanding of Th17 cells and their relationship to human disease is key to ongoing efforts to develop safer and more selective anti-inflammatory medicines.     

Histopathological analysis of the association between mucosal epithelial changes and the lamina propria vascular network in irritation fibroma

ObjectivesIrritation fibroma in the oral cavity causes atrophy or squamous epithelium thickening with respect to external injury-associated factors. However, ulcers do not occur in most cases. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which ulcers do not form, focusing on the vascular network in the mucosal epithelium of irritation fibroma.MethodsImmunostaining was performed using an enzyme antibody method with primary antibodies against CD31 and Ki-67 in 17 cases of irritation fibroma in the buccal mucosa. One section was taken at three points from the margin and three points from just above the lesion for measurement. The number of blood vessels in the superficial and deep lamina propria at the measurement site were determined, and the area per blood vessel was measured.ResultsThe number and area of blood vessels in the superficial lamina propria just below the lesion epithelium were smaller than those in the margin. No difference was observed in the number and area of blood vessels in the deep lamina propria between the margins and lesions.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the vascular network in the deep lamina propria is maintained and compensates for the nutrient supply to the covering epithelium.