广西玉林市261例麻疹流行病学和临床特点分析

目的分析和总结2013—2014年本院收治的广西壮族自治区玉林市麻疹患儿的流行病学和临床特点。方法对2013年3月—2014年7月我院收治的麻疹患儿261例的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2013—2014年玉林市麻疹发病人数增多,发病高峰季节为5月,其次为4月和6月;1岁以内婴儿发病占大多数,0~8月龄婴儿发病比例最高;大多数患儿未进行预防接种或发病前曾有就诊史。患儿均有麻疹的典型表现,肺炎是最常见合并症,严重合并症为重症肺炎及心肌炎。死亡病例均合并重症肺炎或心肌炎。结论年龄小于8月龄婴儿的麻疹发病率增高,因此接种月龄应提前,并且加强对大于8月龄婴幼儿的预防接种。2013—2014年麻疹发病人数增多,症状典型,合并症重,须引起临床重视。     

Plasma vaspin concentrations are decreased in acute coronary syndrome,but unchanged in patients without coronary lesions

Objective

Previous studies suggested that decreased serum vaspin levels were associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to investigate the association between plasma vaspin levels and different states of CAD.

Design and methods

A total of 162 patients with coronary angiography (CAG) proved that CAD was enrolled. Additional 103 patients complained with “chest discomfort” with negative CAG, and 60 normal subjects were enrolled in this study. The levels of plasma vaspin, adiponectin, clinical parameters, lipid profile and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured.

Results

The levels of plasma vaspin were significantly lower in the CAD group (0.47 ± 0.63 μg/L) than those in the healthy group and CAG (−) group (all p < 0.001). In CAD group, the pos hoc analysis showed that serum vaspin concentration in acute myocardial infarction group (0.21 ± 0.19 μg/L) was significantly lower than that in the unstable angina pectoris group (0.40 ± 0.37 μg/L) (p = 0.012), and serum vaspin concentration in unstable angina pectoris was significantly lower than that in stable angina pectoris group (0.92 ± 0.94 μg/L) (p = 0.013). The plasma vaspin concentration was also negatively correlated with the severity of CAD (1-vessel: 0.86 ± 0.90 μg/L; 2-vessel: 0.36 ± 0.39 μg/L; 3-vessel: 0.21 ± 0.16 μg/L). The plasma vaspin concentration in CAG (−) group with “chest discomfort” (1.93 ± 2.57 μg/L) was similar to the healthy control group (2.18 ± 3.49 μg/L).

Conclusions

The plasma vaspin concentration correlated to the severity of CAD. Furthermore, plasma vaspin has a value of avoiding patients without CAD from unnecessary CAG.     

Police AED programs: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Approximately 359,400 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur in the United States every year, and around 60% of them are treated by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. In order to alleviate the impact of this public health burden, some communities have trained police officers as first responders so that they can provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation to cardiac arrest patients. This paper is a review of the current literature on the impact of police automated external defibrillators (AEDs) programs in these communities.

Methods and results

A literature search of electronic journal databases was conducted to identify articles that evaluated police AED programs and quantified survival rates. The 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria were very heterogeneous in terms of study design, controlling for confounders, outcome definitions, and comparison groups. Two communities found a statistically significant difference in survival and 6 studies reported a statistically significant difference in time to defibrillation after the implementation of these programs. The weighted mean survival rate of the study groups was higher than that of the control groups (p < 0.001), as was the weighted mean survival rate of the group first shocked by police compared to those first shocked by EMS (39.4% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.001). The pooled relative risk of survival was 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.6).

Conclusions

Though there are many challenges in initiating these programs, this literature review shows that time to defibrillation decreased and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests increased with the implementation of police AED programs.     

CAG repeat expansions in patients with sporadic cerebellar ataxia

CAG repeat expansions cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), SCA2, SCA3, SCA6 and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). So far these expansions have been examined mainly in ataxia patients with a family history. However, some sporadic cases with SCA have recently been reported. To elucidate the frequency and characteristics of sporadic SCAs, we screened 85 Japanese ataxia patients without a family history for the SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6 and DRPLA mutations. As a result, 19 patients (22%) were found to have expanded CAG repeats. Among sporadic SCAs, the SCA6 mutation was most frequently observed. The sporadic SCA6 patients had smaller CAG repeats and a later age of onset than SCA6 patients with an established family history. We also identified one father-child pair in which intermediate sized CAG repeats expanded into the SCA2 disease range during transmission. These findings suggest that patients with ataxia even without a family history should be examined for a CAG repeat expansion.     

活血化瘀法治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎43例临床观察

目的：观察采用活血化瘀法治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效。方法：将我科收治的85例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组予胃复春治疗,治疗组予活血化瘀中药治疗,观察两组患者的总有效率,记录药物不良反应,并随访6个月观察复发情况。结果：治疗组总有效率95．35％优于对照组的78．57％：对照组复发率27．27％高于治疗组的7．32％。差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：活血化瘀法治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎具有疗效好、毒副反应少、复发率低等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

2002至2006年国家自然科学基金资助儿科学结题情况分析

目的 了解国家自然科学基金资助儿科学项目的完成情况和学科研究进展,客观公正地做好结题项目的绩效评估.方法 本文总结与分析了2002年至2006年度国家自然科学基金临床医学Ⅱ处资助儿科学各类项目结题完成情况,报道部分项目取得的重要研究成果和突出进展.结果 2002-2006年儿科学52项结题项目共发表文章420篇,平均8.1篇/项,科学引文索引(SCI)收录56篇,平均1.1篇/项,共培养博士后10人,博士102人,硕士109人;获省部级一等奖2项,二等奖2项;申请专利4项,获准专利1项.儿科学分支专业中的呼吸病学、肾脏病学、心血管病学等7个专业为结题项目主要涉及领域,取得了较大的研究进展.结论 2002-2006年儿科学52项结题项目在儿科学各专业、各资助项目类别间的分布及结题完成有一些差异;与其他的临床基础Ⅱ学科中某些学科相比还有一定的差距.结题项目总体完成情况较好,许多项目取得了研究成果,展示了国家自然科学基金在学科发展上的重要引领作用.