Transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary: Report of three cases

Background We investigated retrospectively the records and tissue samples of patients with primary ovarian transitional cell carcinoma to determine clinical and pathologic features. Methods The records of 3 patients with ovarian transitional cell carcinoma were reviewed using data from several imaging techniques: transvaginal ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. We also determined levels of several tumor marker molecules; and the level of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), was examined by means of immunohistochemistry. Results The tumors of 2 patients were classified as pure trnasitional cell carcinoma; in the remaining patient, as predominantly transitional cell carcinoma. All tumors were bilateral, and 2 of the 3 tumors formed solid masses. Areas of irregular high intensity signals were seen in magnetic resonance images of the solid parts of the tumors. All 3 tumors tested positive for CA 125; histochemical expression was confined to the tumor cell membrane and/or the cytoplasm in all cases. The tumors of all 3 patients tested negative for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and second-look laparotomies did not reveal any residual neoplasms in any of the patients. The patients have been in a disease-free state for 34, 42, and 14 months, respectively. Conclusion Our results suggest that transitional cell carcinomas tend to arise bilaterally and to form solid tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging was a useful diagnostic modality in these cases. Transitional cell carcinoma was characterized by the presence of CA 125 and the absence of CEA.     

乳腺肿瘤组织Ha-ras基因蛋白表达与血清CA15-3水平的相关性及其临床价值

用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法和ＩＲＭＡ法分别检测了４２例乳腺癌和３０例良性乳腺病变患者组织中Ｈａ－ｒａｓ基因蛋白（ｒａｓＰ２１）的表达状况及血清ＣＡ１５－３值，结果恶性病变组织中ｒａｓＰ２１呈过度表达，ｒａｓＰ２１的表达与细胞的分化状态密切相关。不同淋巴结转移状况的乳腺癌患者，其血清ＣＡ１５－３差异呈显著性。ＣＡ１５－３水平的变化与ｒａｓＰ２１表达状况显著相关。提示血清ＣＡ１５－３水平为监测乳腺癌病情变化的良好指标，Ｈａ－ｒａｓ癌基因点突变的结果可能导致乳腺癌相关抗原的异常分泌。     

Primary Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is extremely rare and the preoperative diagnosis is often misdiagnosed as an ovarian carcinoma. We report a patient with primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube, strongly suspected preoperatively on the basis of characteristic clinical symptoms, elevated CA125 levels, and transvaginal sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The histology of fallopian tube carcinoma was demonstrated as transitional cell carcinoma. Extensive review of the literature showed that our case seemed to be the 14th case of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the fallopian tube.     

血管内皮生长因子在常见恶性肿瘤诊治中的临床价值

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在常见恶性肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后中的临床意义。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测544例恶性肿瘤患者及87例对照者血清中VEGF浓度和CEA、CA50等6种肿瘤标记物的水平。计算VEGF的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,分析患者治疗前血清VEGF水平对其近期疗效的影响以及VEGF和其他肿瘤标记物联合检测结果与患者疗效的关系。结果:①各种肿瘤患者血清VEGF平均水平均高于对照组,其中以胃癌、肝癌和肺癌患者较高;②VEGF以200.6(ng/L)为医学参考值上限,其灵敏度为54.2%,特异度为95.4%;有负荷组患者灵敏度可达到74.9%,而无负荷者仅为20.4%,其差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);③肿瘤患者随着血清VEGF平均水平的升高,其疗效逐渐降低(P<0.05)。五种肿瘤标记物联合分析显示,随着患者血清肿瘤标记物阳性数目的增多,无效患者的比例呈上升趋势,当患者血清肿瘤标记物阳性数目达到3种或以上时,约89%的患者显示无效。结论:血清VEGF是一种广谱的肿瘤标记物,对多种肿瘤的辅助诊断均有重要的临床价值,且对初诊肿瘤患者,VEGF是一个良好的检测指标,其鉴别诊断价值优于其他6种肿瘤标记物。VEGF与其他肿瘤标记物联合检测有助于临床疗效评价、预后评估和病情随访监测。     

卵巢癌术后腹腔和静脉联合化疗的可行性

目的:探讨手术后用腹腔联合静脉化疗对卵巢癌治疗的可行性。方法:将卵巢上皮性癌88例分为两组:①联合化疗组:腹腔用药及静脉联合用药组,45例,Ⅰ/Ⅱ期21例(23.86%),Ⅲ/Ⅳ期24例(27.27%),在术中置入腹腔化疗管,术后每周1次腹腔化疗,用顺铂(DDP)与氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)为主加丝裂霉素C(MMC)或消瘤芥(AT-1258)的一种,共用3次。以后用静脉化疗,同静脉化疗组方案;②静脉化疗组(静脉用药组):43例,化疗方案为CAP,每3周一次,Ⅰ/Ⅱ期24例(27.27%),Ⅲ/Ⅳ期19例(21.59%)。结果:联合化疗组与静脉化疗组的患者在第3及6疗程结束后CA125下降程度Ⅰ/Ⅱ期与Ⅲ/Ⅳ期分别比较,差异有显著性(P值均<0.05)。第3疗程治疗后CA125>35u/ml的患者与CA125<35u/ml的患者3年生存率用Log Rank检验,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。联合化疗组与静脉化疗组的Ⅰ/Ⅱ期平均生存期分别为(35.05±0.54)、(32.38±1.19)个月,联合化疗组与静脉化疗组的Ⅲ/Ⅳ期平均生存期分别为(31.33±1.41)、(28.26±1.88)个月。联合化疗组与静脉化疗组Ⅰ/Ⅱ期3年生存率用Log Rank检验,两组差异无显著性(P值为0.156);联合化疗组与静脉化疗组Ⅲ/Ⅳ期3年生存率用LogRank检验,两组差异无显著性(P值为0.08)。有腹水70例的患者中联合化疗组3年生存率与静脉化疗组相比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:术后用腹腔联合静脉化疗对卵巢癌治疗,可使血清CA125下降较明显,差异有显著性。3个疗程治疗后血清CA125<35u/ml与CA125>35u/ml的患者3年生存率差异有显著性。虽然术后联合化疗组与静脉化疗组相比较3年生存率差异无显著性,但是腹腔联合静脉化疗平均生存期较长。有腹水的患者经腹腔联合化疗3年生存率与单纯的静脉化疗相比较差异有显著性,故腹腔联合静脉化疗适用于有腹水及腹腔有转移灶的卵巢癌患者。     

血清CA125、CA153、CA242三种肿瘤标志物联合检测对肺癌诊断的价值

目的探讨CA125、CA153、CA242联合检测在肺癌筛查与临床诊断中的应用价值.方法采用CanAg诊断试剂盒,对56例肺癌患者及108例健康人血清进行CA125、CA153、CA242测定.结果肺癌患者组CA125、CA153、CA242值分别为54.97±95.70,36.02±40.38,14.38±21.99;阳性率分别为41.07%、44.64%、23.21%.健康人组CA125、CA153、CA242值分别为11.23±1.58,12.73±11.92,15.11±13.60,阳性率均为0%,肺癌患者组CA125、CA153值明显高于健康人组(P＜0.01),肺癌患者组中CA125、CA153阳性率明显高于CA242(P＜0.05),CA125、CA153联合检测阳性率明显大于单独检测(P＜0.05)、Ⅰ-Ⅱ期肺癌患者与Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肺癌患者CA125、CA153值相比有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 CA125、CA153联合检测对肺癌筛查与临床诊断有良好辅助价值,CA242测定对肺癌筛查与临床诊断价值不大.     

Possible regulatory role of dendritic spikes in induction of long-term potentiation at hippocampal schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses

The amplitude of backpropagating action potentials (BAPs) is attenuated, either activity- or neurotransmitter-dependently in the apical dendrite of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. To test the possibility that this BAP attenuation may contribute to regulating the inducibility of long-term potentiation (LTP), BAPs evoked by theta-burst stimulation (TBS), a standard protocol for LTP induction, to apical dendrite synapses were subjected to perturbation by conditioning stimuli to basal dendrite synapses. During this conditioned TBS (cTBS), the amplitude of BAPs was noticeably attenuated, but that of somatic action potentials was not. In the distal dendrite area, cTBS-induced LTP was much smaller than that induced by TBS. By contrast, no difference was observed between TBS- and cTBS-induced LTP in the proximal dendrite area. These findings suggest that the activity-dependent attenuation of BAPs, propagating along the apical dendrite, may serve to regulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity.     

血清CA125、CA199对肝硬化和肝癌的诊断价值

CA125为分子量在200—1000KD的大分子糖蛋白，大量临床研究证实：CA125在卵巢癌的诊断、良恶性鉴别、复发预报、疗效监测以及预后判断等方面有效大的实用价值。CA199是Koprouski等1979年从人结肠癌细胞株中提取出来的一种糖蛋白．主要在胎儿的小肠黏膜杯状细胞、胰胆管上皮细胞及成人胰腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌时合成，主要用于胰腺癌的早期诊断，     

CA125单独及联合多种抗原标志物对卵巢癌的诊断价值

目的 :探讨多种肿瘤标志物对卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法 :应用化学发光法测定卵巢肿瘤、子宫内膜异位症和盆腔炎性包块的CA1 2 5、CA1 99、CA1 5 3、AFP、CEA阳性率。结果 :卵巢癌患者中 ,80 .6 0 %CA1 2 5阳性 ,92 .5 3%联合检测阳性 ,阳性率明显高于良性肿瘤、子宫内膜异位症、盆腔炎性包块患者 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;CA1 2 5与卵巢癌的临床分期及病理类型无关 ,但Ⅰ期卵巢癌患者的血清CA1 2 5值明显低于Ⅱ～Ⅳ期患者 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :CA1 2 5对卵巢癌的诊断有一定的价值 ,联合监测能提高卵巢癌的诊断率 ,尤其对早期卵巢癌。     

血清CA125结合B超对绝经后妇女卵巢恶性病变的预测价值

目的 通过了解绝经后妇女卵巢肿物的临床特点，探讨早期发现绝经后妇女卵巢恶性肿瘤的可行方法。方法 回顾分析302例经手术后病理证实为卵巢肿物的自然绝经后妇女的临床特点，采用B超结合血CA125的定量测定。结果 71．2％的绝经后卵巢肿物患者无自觉症状，38．7％为卵巢恶性肿瘤，BUS结合血CA125对卵巢恶性病变预测的敏感性为98．4％，特异性为57．9％，阳性预测值62．6％，阴性预测值98．1％。结论 对绝经后妇女实施妇科检查及B超的筛查结合血CA125的定量测定，有助于临床医生及时发现卵巢恶性肿瘤。