The articular surfaces of the proximal segment of ulna: Morphometry and morphomechanics based on digital image analysis and concepts of fractal geometry

Introduction

The elbow joint is a compound joint made of articulations in between the humerus, ulna and the radius. The coupling areas (joints) are of prime importance from the kinetic-biomechanical perspective and of potential inter-ethnic significance. These articulations can be affected by several pathologies that may require medical and surgical interference. This experimental analysis aims to infer data in relation to the morphometry of the proximal segment of the ulna and its articular surfaces represented by the greater sigmoid notch (trochlear notch) and lesser sigmoid notch (radial notch).

ERG alterations and mTOR pathway activation in primary prostate carcinomas developing castration-resistance

Introduction

One of the most common sites of distant metastasization of prostate cancer is bone, but to date reliable biomarkers able to predict the risk and timing of bone metastasization are still lacking.

Platelet-rich plasma combined with naringin induces osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells In vitro北大核心

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and naringin can both promote proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, their combined use is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of PRP combined with naringin on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. METHODS: BMSCs at passage 3 were divided into four groups: (1) blank control group, cells were cultured in α-MEM; (2) PRP group, cells were cultured in α-MEM containing PRP; (3) naringin group, cells were cultured in α-MEM containing naringin; and (4) combined group, cells were cultured in a-MEM containing PRP and naringin. The contents oO used PRP and naringin were 12.5% and 50 µg/L respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Expression oO related genes in hBMSCs was detected by RT-PCR. Alkaline phosphatase staining, collagen type I immunohistochemical staining, and alizarin red staining were used to analyze the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proliferation of hBMSCs was increased in each group, especially in the combined group. Cells in all the groups oxcept the blank control group were positive for alkaline phosphatase staining, collagen type I immunohistochemical staining, and alizarin red staining, and the positive effect was more obvious in the combined group. However, negative or weakly positive response was found in the blank control group. At 7 and 14 days, the expression of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I was significantly higher in the PRP, naringin and combined groups than the blank control group (P < 0.05); at 14 days, the expression of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I was significantly higher in the combined group than the PRP and naringin groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, PRP combined with naringin can promote the proliferation of hBMSCs and induce the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Moreover, there is a synergistic effect between PRP and naringin. © 2018, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

A comparison of outcomes of posterior arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis with or without bone graft for treatment of subtalar arthritis

BackgroundIt remains unclear whether to perform a bone graft is necessary during posterior arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis. The present research aimed to comparatively analyze the outcomes of arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis through a 3-portal posterior approach with or without bone graft.MethodsA total of 93 patients with subtalar arthritis who underwent posterior arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis were retrospectively examined. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received bone graft or not. The clinical outcomes were compared for analysis.ResultsAmong the 93 patients included, 53 received bone graft and 40 did not. The union rate and time to osseous fusion suggested no significant difference between the two groups. The improvement of clinical outcomes were comparable between the two groups at the final follow-up.ConclusionsIn the present study, bone graft could not effectively reduce the risk of nonunion and improve the outcome.     

Microstructural and histomorphological features of osteophytes in late-stage human knee osteoarthritis with varus deformity

ObjectivesTo illustrate the microstructural and histomorphological characteristics of osteophytes in the human knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsTibial plateau specimens, including osteophytes and subchondral trabecular bone (STB) from weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing regions, were obtained from 81 patients with OA after total knee arthroplasty surgery. All the patients had varus deformity of the knee. Micro-CT was applied to evaluate the microstructure characteristics of the tibial plateau, which was segmented into 6 regions of interest (ROIs). After micro-CT scanning, decalcified and undecalcified bone histology were performed to assess histological features and bone remodeling status in these different ROIs.ResultsIn both medial and lateral plateaus, osteophytes exhibited a less sclerotic microstructure and higher bone remodeling level compared with STB from weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing regions. Moreover, the medial osteophyte tended to have a more sclerotic microarchitecture and a relatively low level of bone metabolism than its lateral counterpart. Osteophyte, which consists of mesenchymal connective tissue cap, cartilage and mineralized bone tissue, demonstrated evident chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral ossification in the cartilage-to-bone interface. Compared with the non-weight-bearing region, the weight-bearing region showed more severely deteriorated cartilage, and more sclerotic subchondral bone with high remodeling status.ConclusionOsteophytes exhibited a sparse microstructure and high bone remodeling level in knee OA, but demonstrating region-dependent variations. In addition, the microstructure, bone metabolism status and pathological alterations of osteochondral complex were distinct between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing regions in the tibial plateau. Biomechanical stress might play a pivotal role in osteophyte formation and deterioration of osteochondral complex.     

碘化钾制备的碘涂层钛板的抗菌性能研究

目的探讨利用碘化钾制备碘涂层钛板的可行性,并验证其抗菌性能。方法以碘化钾作为电解液,使用电泳沉积法将碘负载到钛板表面,制备出碘涂层钛板。通过扫描电镜与能谱分析,观察碘涂层钛板的表面征象和成分结构。实验分组:对照组是经过预处理但未行载碘的钛板,共10块;实验组是经过预处理后再行载碘的碘涂层钛板,根据电解液浓度的不同分为3组:1000 mg/L、2000 mg/L、4000 mg/L组,每组各10块。使用1×106 CFU/mL的金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)进行体外抗菌实验,并对其抗菌性能进行研究。结果碘涂层钛板外观呈灰色,表面可均匀覆盖一层平整、无塌陷的涂层,电镜下见其表面可形成碘涂层,局部散在分布大小不等的不规则陷凹。对照组、1000 mg/L组、2000 mg/L组、4000 mg/L组的钛板碘含量分别为0、5.10、10.32、15.05 mass%;其体外抗菌菌落计数分别为56.00±5.09、21.40±2.76、9.10±2.51和2.00±1.88,4组之间菌落计数比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论碘化钾作为电解液,使用电泳沉积法可成功制备出碘含量稳定、涂层分布均匀的碘涂层钛板。体外抗菌实验证明碘涂层钛板的抗菌性能强于未载碘钛板。