吴忠市回汉族孕妇骨代谢相关生化指标测定比较及临床意义

目的了解回、汉族孕妇骨代谢的变化情况,及时提出干预措施,指导孕妇合理膳食。方法分别采用光电比色法、酶免分析法对161例回、汉族妊娠妇女进行了血钙(Ca2 )、血磷(P)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP)的测定。结果回、汉族孕妇BALP分别为20.70±8.92和18.80±5.71,TRACP为7.94±2.19和7.24±2.84;而且BALP活性随孕周增加呈逐渐增加趋势,与对照组比较差别有显著性或非常显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);TRACP活性随孕周增加有升高趋势,但差别无显著性。血Ca2 、血P孕期无显著变化。结论测定妊娠期妇女血清中BALP和TRACP有助于了解孕妇骨代谢状况,对孕妇钙营养的监测有很大帮助。     

经micro-dystrophin基因修饰后的自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗mdx鼠的实验研究

目的探讨携带micro-dystrophin基因的自体骨髓间充质干细胞(mMSCs)在移植鼠体内分化为有功能肌细胞的可能性。方法采用逆转录病毒介导micro-dystrophin基因转染mdx小鼠MSCs(mMSCs),通过尾静脉注射移植治疗mdx鼠,在移植后不同时间点并检测血清激酶(CK)值,对腓肠肌进行HE染色、计数核中心移位纤维(CNF)比例,并用免疫荧光法,、逆转录-聚合酶链反应、Westernblot检测测micro-dystrophin的表达。结果移植后各时间点血CK值下降,腓肠肌病理改变较对照组有所改善,CNF比例下降,差异有统计学意义,部分肌细胞膜能表达micro-dystrophin蛋白,并随移植时间延长micro-dys-trophin阳性肌纤维比例增加,分别达到1%(8周时)、7%(12周时)和15%(16周时)。RT-PCR和Westernblot也发现,随着移植时间的延长,micro-dystrophin表达增加。结论自体mMSCs可携带外源性micro-dystrophin基因在受体鼠体内分化为micro-dystrophin阳性肌细胞。     

Bone metastases in non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review

Background and ObjectiveBone metastases are common in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and remain a significant source of morbidity, mortality, and diminished quality of life, despite the considerable progress made in the overall management of patients with metastatic NSCLC over the last decade. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of bone metastases is critical to improving survival, preserving function, and managing symptoms in this patient population. The objective of our review is to provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, management, and factors predicting the development and prognosis of patients with NSCLC with bone metastases.MethodsAn online electronic search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar of all English-language literature using combinations of the following keywords: bone metastases, non-small cell lung cancer, pathophysiology, skeletal related events, response to therapy, predictive factors, and immunotherapy. Bibliographies of identified papers were reviewed for additional articles of interest. Observational cohort, retrospective studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and review articles were examined for this review.Key Content and FindingsBone metastases in lung cancer patients remain a common occurrence, impacting morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Patients with skeletal related events (SREs) have worse prognosis. There is data supporting use of bisphosphonates and/or denosumab, and these should be considered in all patients with bone metastases. Novel studies comparing the genomic alterations of skeletal metastases and primary tumors are needed. As therapy for patients with advanced disease evolves, more studies are needed to evaluate the interplay between immunotherapy and bone metastases, and in determining the response to treatment in bone.ConclusionsPredicting development and progression of bone metastases could allow earlier and targeted therapy in patients with bone metastases. Predicting and evaluating response to conventional chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC patients with bone metastases remains an unmet need and merits further study.     

大鼠同种骨髓间充质细胞门静脉输注对肝大部分切除肝衰模型术后肝功能、生存率的影响

目的 观察大鼠同种骨髓间充质细胞(BMSCs)经门静脉肝内移植对80％肝切除肝衰竭模型术后肝功能、生存率的影响.方法 通过80％肝切除建立大鼠边缘肝衰竭模型,经门静脉输注绿荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的第5代(P5)大鼠同种MSC,观察BMSCs肝内移植对肝大部分切除边缘肝衰竭模型术后生存率、肝功能的影响.结果 术后7d内的存活率:MSC组72.2％( 13/18)、对照组44.4％ (8/18).MSC组的存活率明显高于对照组(72.2％比44.4％,P＜0.05;MSC组大鼠术后肝功能恢复情况明显优于对照组(P＜0.05);MSC组肝组织中可观察到移植的细胞.结论 经门静脉的BMSCs移植可促进80％肝切除边缘肝衰竭大鼠的肝功能恢复和提高生存率.     

异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植提高皮肤扩张效率

目的探讨异体骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow—derived mesenchymal stem cells,BM—MSCs）在皮肤扩张中发挥的作用,为临床更好地使用皮肤扩张术提供新的方法。方法体外分离、培养乳猪BM—MSCs。小型猪随机分为A、B、c、D4组,前3组脊柱两侧各埋置3个扩张器,A组扩张局部注射BM—MSCs、B组耳静脉注射BM—MSCs、C组仅埋置扩张器、D组为对照组。定期注水,测量各组扩张第7、14、28天标记面积,免疫荧光检测BM—MSCs的分化作用。结果流式鉴定BM—MSCs示CD90、CD29阳性表达,CD34、CD45阴性表达。扩张第28天,A组面积较c组增加明显（P〈0．01）,B组与C组之间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。免疫荧光示CD31、PCNA阳性表达率A、B组大于C、D组。结论异体移植的BM—MSCs能有效促进扩张皮肤新生,以局部移植的效果明显。     

长骨液在下肢骨延长中的疗效观察

目的:观察“长骨液”对下肢骨延长术后的治疗效果。方法:56例患者分为长骨液组和对照组进行配对对照观察。于术后第3天开始口服长骨液。观察骨延长区新骨生长情况、肢体伤后肿胀及并发症发生的情况。结果:①对照组平均骨延长愈合指数为41.797±3.5862(d/cm),治疗组平均骨延长愈合指数为36.291±2.8969(d/cm)(P<0.01)。②治疗组的46例病例平均骨延长愈合指数为37.121±2.2176(d/cm),明显低于国内报道指数。结论:“长骨液”有明显促进骨延长区新骨再生与成熟及减少并发症的作用。     

骨巨细胞瘤中的多核巨细胞体外骨吸收研究

目的：比较破骨细胞与骨巨细胞瘤中多核巨细胞的特点，明确后者的性质和来源。方法：用倒置相差显微镜观察体外培养的多核巨细胞的一般形态及降钙素对它的影响；用骨片与多核巨细胞共同培养法观察多核巨细胞的体外骨吸收功能，用扫描电镜观察骨吸收陷窝，Ｇｏｍｏｒｉ染色观察多核巨细胞的酸性磷酸酶活性。结果：倒置相差显微镜下可见多核巨细胞胞核较多（２０个以上），胞浆周边不规则，有伪足样突起；胞浆内可见较多大小不等的空泡；降钙素（１００μｇ·Ｌ－１）可抑制多核巨细胞的伪足样运动；多核巨细胞与灭活的骨片共同培养时可见骨吸收陷窝形成，扫描电镜下可见吸收陷窝底面有原纤维；Ｇｏｍｏｒｉ染色时可见多核巨细胞的酸性磷酸酶呈阳性。结论：证实了多核巨细胞具有破骨细胞的形态特征与骨吸收功能，可能来源于骨髓的破骨细胞前体细胞     

难治性血细胞减少伴多系发育异常的回顾性诊断分析

目的回顾分析难治性血细胞减少伴多系发育异常(RCMD)患者依据不同的分型标准所得分型结果,进而探讨RCMD的临床特征、实验室检查及形态学特点。方法选取按FAB中MDS诊断标准(FAB-MDS)诊断的难治性贫血(RA)/伴环形铁粒幼细胞增多的难治性贫血(RAS)患者59例,按WHO-MDS分型标准进行回顾性诊断分析,比较两者之间的异同。结果59例患者中,50例RA患者按WHO-MDS诊断标准,有14例(28.0%)仍归入了RA中,36例(72.0%)归入了RCMD;另外9例RAS患者,5例仍诊断为RAS,4例归入了RCMD-RS中。结论依据不同的分型标准,部分RCMD患者的归属类型不同。准确掌握RCMD的临床特征,有利于RCMD的准确定型。     

Noninvasive measures of bone bending rigidity in the monkey (M. nemestrina)

Summary The in vivo bending rigidity and bone mineral content of monkey ulnae and tibiae were measured. Bending rigidity in the anteroposterior plane was measured by an impedance probe technique. Forced vibrations of the bones were induced with an electromechanical shaker, and force and velocity at the driving point were determined. The responses over the range of 100–250 Hz were utilized to compute the bending rigidity. Bone mineral content in the cross section was determined by a photon absorption technique. Seventeen male monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) weighing 6–14 kg were evaluated. Repeatability of the rigidity measures was 4%. Bone mineral content was measured with a precision of 3.5%. Bending rigidity was correlated with the mineral content of the cross section,r=0.899. Two monkeys were evaluated during prolonged hypodynamic restraint. Restraint produced regional losses of bone most obviously in the proximal tibia. Local bone mineral content declines 17 to 24% and the average bending rigidity declines 12 to 22%. Changes in bones leading to a reduction in mineral content and stiffness are discussed.     

Catabolic Properties of Microdissected Human Endosteal Bone Lining Cells

Bone lining cells cover >80% of endosteal surfaces of human cancellous bone. Current research assigns to them a dual role: (1) as a biological membrane regulating exchange of substrates between the bone fluid compartment and the extracellular fluid of bone marrow and (2) as a signaling link between the osteocytic network as mechanical receptor and the osteoclastic cell pool for local induction of bone resorption. Furthermore, a catabolic role has been considered. We therefore examined the presence of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their physiological tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) as putative proteolytic elements. Firstly, human cancellous bone from 60 patients was examined by immunofluorescence with antibodies against MMPs and TIMPs. Secondly, we applied laser-assisted microdissection (LMD) to isolate bone lining cells from frozen sections of human trabecular bone. mRNA analysis was performed using a single-cell PCR protocol. Three laser microdissection systems were tested: the new generation of Leica LMD and P.A.L.M. laser pressure catapulting (LPC) were compared to P.A.L.M. laser microdissection and micromanipulation (LMM). In a few pooled cell profiles, mRNA of MMP13, MMP14, TIMP1, and CBFA-1 was clearly detected. By immunofluorescence MMP13 and -14 as well as TIMP1 and -2 were strongly present in lining cells, while MMP2, TIMP3, and TIMP4 showed weak or negative signals. Although the functional impact of these enzymatic components remains open, there is additional evidence for a catabolic function of lining cells. The new diode-laser microdissection with LMD and LPC proved to be especially suitable to gain new insights into the properties of bone lining cells.